import torchimport torch.nn as nnclass MultiHeadAttention(nn.Module): def __init__(self, d_model, num_heads): super(MultiHeadAttention, self).__init__() self.num_heads = num_heads self.d_model = d_model assert d_model % self.num_heads == 0 self.depth = d_model // self.num_heads self.Wq = nn.Linear(d_model, d_model) self.Wk = nn.Linear(d_model, d_model) self.Wv = nn.Linear(d_model, d_model) self.fc = nn.Linear(d_model, d_model) def scaled_dot_product_attention(self, Q, K, V, mask=None): d_k = Q.size(-1) scores = torch.matmul(Q, K.transpose(-1, -2)) / torch.sqrt(torch.tensor(d_k, dtype=torch.float32)) if mask is not None: scores = scores.masked_fill(mask == 0, -1e9) attention = torch.softmax(scores, dim=-1) output = torch.matmul(attention, V) return output, attention def split_heads(self, x, batch_size): x = x.view(batch_size, -1, self.num_heads, self.depth) return x.permute(0, 2, 1, 3) def forward(self, Q, K, V, mask=None): batch_size = Q.size(0) Q = self.Wq(Q) K = self.Wk(K) V = self.Wv(V) Q = self.split_heads(Q, batch_size) K = self.split_heads(K, batch_size) V = self.split_heads(V, batch_size) scaled_attention, attention = self.scaled_dot_product_attention(Q, K, V, mask) scaled_attention = scaled_attention.permute(0, 2, 1, 3).contiguous() scaled_attention = scaled_attention.view(batch_size, -1, self.d_model) output = self.fc(scaled_attention) return output, attention
时间: 2024-04-25 18:26:43 浏览: 214
上述代码是一个用PyTorch实现的多头注意力机制(Multi-Head Attention)的模块,该模块可以被用来构建神经网络模型。它的参数有:
- d_model:表示输入向量的维度,也就是embedding的维度。
- num_heads:表示attention头的数量。
输入的维度是:
- Q, K, V:三个输入张量的维度都为 [batch_size, seq_length, d_model],其中batch_size代表batch的大小,seq_length代表输入序列的长度,d_model代表输入向量的维度。
- mask:一个shape为[batch_size, 1, seq_length, seq_length]的张量,用于掩盖无效的位置,使得在计算注意力矩阵时,注意力矩阵中无效位置对应的权重为0。如果没有无效位置,则可以设置为None。
相关问题
dgllife.model.gnn与torch_geometric.nn.GraphConv如何互相转换使用
dgllife和torch_geometric都是流行的图神经网络框架,其中dgllife提供了一个名为gnn的模块,而torch_geometric则提供了一个名为GraphConv的模块。这两个模块的主要作用都是对图数据进行卷积操作。
如果你想在dgllife中使用torch_geometric的GraphConv,可以通过将GraphConv转换为一个DGL GraphConv来实现。具体地说,你需要将GraphConv的权重矩阵转换为DGL GraphConv中的权重张量,然后再将其传递给DGL GraphConv。示例代码如下:
```python
import torch
from dgllife.model import GCN
# 转换torch_geometric的GraphConv为DGL GraphConv
class GraphConv(torch.nn.Module):
def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels):
super(GraphConv, self).__init__()
self.conv = torch_geometric.nn.GraphConv(in_channels, out_channels)
def forward(self, g, feat):
# 将权重矩阵转换为权重张量
weight = torch.transpose(self.conv.weight, 0, 1)
weight = torch.unsqueeze(weight, dim=0)
weight = weight.repeat(g.batch_size, 1, 1)
# 传递给DGL GraphConv
return torch.relu(dgl.nn.GraphConv(out_channels, out_channels)(g, feat, weight))
# 创建一个包含GraphConv的GCN模型
class GCN(torch.nn.Module):
def __init__(self, in_feats, hidden_feats, out_feats):
super(GCN, self).__init__()
self.gcn_layers = torch.nn.ModuleList()
self.gcn_layers.append(GraphConv(in_feats, hidden_feats))
self.gcn_layers.append(GraphConv(hidden_feats, out_feats))
def forward(self, g, feat):
for i, layer in enumerate(self.gcn_layers):
if i != 0:
feat = torch.relu(feat)
feat = layer(g, feat)
return feat
```
如果你想在torch_geometric中使用dgllife的gnn,可以通过将gnn转换为一个torch_geometric GraphConv来实现。具体地说,你需要将gnn的权重张量转换为GraphConv中的权重矩阵,然后再将其传递给GraphConv。示例代码如下:
```python
import torch_geometric.nn as pyg_nn
# 转换dgllife的gnn为torch_geometric GraphConv
class GNN(torch.nn.Module):
def __init__(self, in_feats, hidden_feats, out_feats):
super(GNN, self).__init__()
self.gnn = dgllife.model.gnn.AttentiveFPGNN(in_feats=in_feats,
hidden_feats=hidden_feats,
out_feats=out_feats,
num_layers=2)
def forward(self, g, feat):
# 将权重张量转换为权重矩阵
weight = torch.transpose(self.gnn.layers[0].fc.weight, 0, 1)
weight = torch.unsqueeze(weight, dim=0)
# 传递给torch_geometric GraphConv
return pyg_nn.GraphConv(in_channels=self.gnn.layers[0].in_feats,
out_channels=self.gnn.layers[0].out_feats,
bias=True)(g, feat, weight)
# 创建一个包含GraphConv的模型
class PyGCN(torch.nn.Module):
def __init__(self, in_feats, hidden_feats, out_feats):
super(PyGCN, self).__init__()
self.gcn_layers = torch.nn.ModuleList()
self.gcn_layers.append(GNN(in_feats, hidden_feats, out_feats))
self.gcn_layers.append(pyg_nn.GraphConv(hidden_feats, out_feats))
def forward(self, data):
x, edge_index = data.x, data.edge_index
for i, layer in enumerate(self.gcn_layers):
if i != 0:
x = torch.relu(x)
x = layer(edge_index, x)
return x
```
需要注意的是,这两种转换方式可能会对模型的性能产生一定的影响,因此在使用时应该进行适当的调整和比较。
import torchimport torch.nn as nnimport torch.optim as optimimport numpy as np# 定义视频特征提取模型class VideoFeatureExtractor(nn.Module): def __init__(self): super(VideoFeatureExtractor, self).__init__() self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(3, 16, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1) self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(16, 32, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1) self.pool = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2) def forward(self, x): x = self.pool(torch.relu(self.conv1(x))) x = self.pool(torch.relu(self.conv2(x))) x = x.view(-1, 32 * 8 * 8) return x# 定义推荐模型class VideoRecommendationModel(nn.Module): def __init__(self, num_videos, embedding_dim): super(VideoRecommendationModel, self).__init__() self.video_embedding = nn.Embedding(num_videos, embedding_dim) self.user_embedding = nn.Embedding(num_users, embedding_dim) self.fc1 = nn.Linear(2 * embedding_dim, 64) self.fc2 = nn.Linear(64, 1) def forward(self, user_ids, video_ids): user_embed = self.user_embedding(user_ids) video_embed = self.video_embedding(video_ids) x = torch.cat([user_embed, video_embed], dim=1) x = torch.relu(self.fc1(x)) x = self.fc2(x) return torch.sigmoid(x)# 加载数据data = np.load('video_data.npy')num_users, num_videos, embedding_dim = data.shapetrain_data = torch.tensor(data[:int(0.8 * num_users)])test_data = torch.tensor(data[int(0.8 * num_users):])# 定义模型和优化器feature_extractor = VideoFeatureExtractor()recommendation_model = VideoRecommendationModel(num_videos, embedding_dim)optimizer = optim.Adam(recommendation_model.parameters())# 训练模型for epoch in range(10): for user_ids, video_ids, ratings in train_data: optimizer.zero_grad() video_features = feature_extractor(video_ids) ratings_pred = recommendation_model(user_ids, video_ids) loss = nn.BCELoss()(ratings_pred, ratings) loss.backward() optimizer.step() # 计算测试集准确率 test_ratings_pred = recommendation_model(test_data[:, 0], test_data[:, 1]) test_loss = nn.BCELoss()(test_ratings_pred, test_data[:, 2]) test_accuracy = ((test_ratings_pred > 0.5).float() == test_data[:, 2]).float().mean() print('Epoch %d: Test Loss %.4f, Test Accuracy %.4f' % (epoch, test_loss.item(), test_accuracy.item()))解释每一行代码
1. `import torch`: 导入 PyTorch 模块
2. `import torch.nn as nn`: 导入 PyTorch 中的神经网络模块
3. `import torch.optim as optim`: 导入 PyTorch 中的优化器模块
4. `import numpy as np`: 导入 NumPy 模块,并将其重命名为 np
5. `class VideoFeatureExtractor(nn.Module):`:定义视频特征提取模型,继承自 nn.Module
6. `def __init__(self):`:定义初始化函数,初始化视频特征提取模型中的卷积层和池化层
7. `super(VideoFeatureExtractor, self).__init__()`: 调用父类的初始化函数
8. `self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(3, 16, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1)`: 定义一个 3 x 3 的卷积层,输入通道数为 3 ,输出通道数为 16,卷积核大小为 3,步长为 1,填充为 1
9. `self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(16, 32, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1)`: 定义一个 3 x 3 的卷积层,输入通道数为 16 ,输出通道数为 32,卷积核大小为 3,步长为 1,填充为 1
10. `self.pool = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2)`: 定义一个大小为 2x2 的最大池化层
11. `def forward(self, x):`: 定义前向传播函数,将输入 x 经过卷积层和池化层后展平输出
12. `x = self.pool(torch.relu(self.conv1(x)))`: 将输入 x 经过第一层卷积层、ReLU 激活函数和最大池化层
13. `x = self.pool(torch.relu(self.conv2(x)))`: 将输入 x 经过第二层卷积层、ReLU 激活函数和最大池化层
14. `x = x.view(-1, 32 * 8 * 8)`: 将输出结果展平为一维向量,大小为 32*8*8
15. `return x`: 返回输出结果 x
16. `class VideoRecommendationModel(nn.Module):`:定义推荐模型,继承自 nn.Module
17. `def __init__(self, num_videos, embedding_dim):`:定义初始化函数,初始化推荐模型中的用户嵌入层、视频嵌入层和全连接层
18. `super(VideoRecommendationModel, self).__init__()`: 调用父类的初始化函数
19. `self.video_embedding = nn.Embedding(num_videos, embedding_dim)`: 定义视频嵌入层,输入维度为 num_videos,输出维度为 embedding_dim
20. `self.user_embedding = nn.Embedding(num_users, embedding_dim)`: 定义用户嵌入层,输入维度为 num_users,输出维度为 embedding_dim
21. `self.fc1 = nn.Linear(2 * embedding_dim, 64)`: 定义一个全连接层,输入维度为 2*embedding_dim,输出维度为 64
22. `self.fc2 = nn.Linear(64, 1)`: 定义一个全连接层,输入维度为 64,输出维度为 1
23. `def forward(self, user_ids, video_ids):`: 定义前向传播函数,将用户和视频 id 经过嵌入层和全连接层计算得到推荐评分
24. `user_embed = self.user_embedding(user_ids)`: 将用户 id 经过用户嵌入层得到用户嵌入
25. `video_embed = self.video_embedding(video_ids)`: 将视频 id 经过视频嵌入层得到视频嵌入
26. `x = torch.cat([user_embed, video_embed], dim=1)`: 将用户嵌入和视频嵌入拼接起来
27. `x = torch.relu(self.fc1(x))`: 将拼接后的结果经过激活函数和全连接层
28. `x = self.fc2(x)`: 将全连接层的输出作为推荐评分
29. `return torch.sigmoid(x)`: 将推荐评分经过 sigmoid 函数转换到 [0,1] 区间内
30. `data = np.load('video_data.npy')`: 从文件中读取数据
31. `num_users, num_videos, embedding_dim = data.shape`: 获取数据的形状,即用户数、视频数和嵌入维度
32. `train_data = torch.tensor(data[:int(0.8 * num_users)])`: 将前 80% 的数据作为训练集,并转换为 PyTorch 的 tensor 格式
33. `test_data = torch.tensor(data[int(0.8 * num_users):])`: 将后 20% 的数据作为测试集,并转换为 PyTorch 的 tensor 格式
34. `feature_extractor = VideoFeatureExtractor()`: 创建视频特征提取模型的实例
35. `recommendation_model = VideoRecommendationModel(num_videos, embedding_dim)`: 创建推荐模型的实例
36. `optimizer = optim.Adam(recommendation_model.parameters())`: 创建优化器,使用 Adam 算法优化推荐模型的参数
37. `for epoch in range(10):`: 开始训练,进行 10 轮迭代
38. `for user_ids, video_ids, ratings in train_data:`: 对训练集中的每个样本进行训练
39. `optimizer.zero_grad()`: 将梯度清零
40. `video_features = feature_extractor(video_ids)`: 提取视频特征
41. `ratings_pred = recommendation_model(user_ids, video_ids)`: 通过推荐模型得到预测评分
42. `loss = nn.BCELoss()(ratings_pred, ratings)`: 计算二分类交叉熵损失
43. `loss.backward()`: 反向传播求梯度
44. `optimizer.step()`: 更新模型参数
45. `test_ratings_pred = recommendation_model(test_data[:, 0], test_data[:, 1])`: 对测试集进行评分预测
46. `test_loss = nn.BCELoss()(test_ratings_pred, test_data[:, 2])`: 计算测试集上的损失
47. `test_accuracy = ((test_ratings_pred > 0.5).float() == test_data[:, 2]).float().mean()`: 计算测试集上的准确率
48. `print('Epoch %d: Test Loss %.4f, Test Accuracy %.4f' % (epoch, test_loss.item(), test_accuracy.item()))`: 输出每轮迭代的测试集损失和准确率
阅读全文