from sklearn.datasets import load_breast_cancer from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score from lime.lime_tabular import LimeTabularExplainer import numpy as np import pandas as pd # 准备数据 data = load_breast_cancer() # df=pd.DataFrame(data.data,columns=data.feature_names) # df['target']=data.target # print(df.head()) X = data.data y = data.target # 划分训练集和测试集 X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, test_size=0.3, random_state=42) # 训练模型 rfc = RandomForestClassifier(n_estimators=100, random_state=42) rfc.fit(X_train, y_train) # 预测结果 y_pred = rfc.predict(X_test) accuracy = accuracy_score(y_test, y_pred) print(f"Accuracy:{accuracy:.3f}") # 解释模型结果 def explain_sample(x, model, feature_names): explainer = LimeTabularExplainer(X_train, feature_names=feature_names, class_names=data.target_names) exp = explainer.explain_instance(x, model.predict_proba, num_features=len(feature_names)) return exp # 随机选择一个测试样本并解释 idx = np.random.randint(len(X_test)) x=X_test[idx] exp=explain_sample(x,rfc,data.feature_names) fig=exp.as_pyplot_figure() print(f"Sample index:{idx}") fig.show()优化一下这段代码，让可视化图片不要一闪而过

可以使用`input()`函数让程序等待用户输入后再继续执行，这样就可以让可视化图片在用户输入后再显示。代码如下：

from sklearn.datasets import load_breast_cancer 
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split 
from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier 
from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score 
from lime.lime_tabular import LimeTabularExplainer 
import numpy as np 
import pandas as pd 
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 

# 准备数据 
data = load_breast_cancer() 
X = data.data 
y = data.target 

# 划分训练集和测试集 
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, test_size=0.3, random_state=42) 

# 训练模型 
rfc = RandomForestClassifier(n_estimators=100, random_state=42) 
rfc.fit(X_train, y_train) 

# 预测结果 
y_pred = rfc.predict(X_test) 
accuracy = accuracy_score(y_test, y_pred) 
print(f"Accuracy:{accuracy:.3f}") 

# 解释模型结果 
def explain_sample(x, model, feature_names): 
    explainer = LimeTabularExplainer(X_train, feature_names=feature_names, class_names=data.target_names) 
    exp = explainer.explain_instance(x, model.predict_proba, num_features=len(feature_names)) 
    return exp 

# 随机选择一个测试样本并解释 
idx = np.random.randint(len(X_test)) 
x=X_test[idx] 
exp=explain_sample(x,rfc,data.feature_names) 
fig=exp.as_pyplot_figure() 

print(f"Sample index:{idx}") 
fig.show() 
input("Press Enter to continue...")

这样，当程序运行到`fig.show()`时，会显示可视化图片，并等待用户输入后才会继续执行下去。用户可以在图片显示的状态下仔细观察，直到输入回车键后程序才会结束。