ValueError: You selected an invalid strategy name: `strategy=None`. It must be either a string or an instance of `pytorch_lightning.strategies.Strategy`. Example choices: auto, ddp, ddp_spawn, deepspeed, ... Find a complete list of options in our documentation at https://lightning.ai

python3.7解决最小二乘遇到ValueError:Expected 2D array, got 1D array instead: array=[5.].关于reshape和predict

Reshape your data either using array.reshape(-1, 1) if your data has a single feature or array.reshape(1, -1) if it contains a single sample. 翻译过来是： ValueError：预期为2D数组，改为获取1D数组： ...

def checkClicked(group, mouse_pos, group_type='NUMBER'): selected = [] # 数字卡片/运算符卡片 if group_type == GROUPTYPES[0] or group_type == GROUPTYPES[1]: max_selected = 2 if group_type == GROUPTYPES[0] else 1 num_selected = 0 for each in group: num_selected += int(each.is_selected) for each in group: if each.rect.collidepoint(mouse_pos): if each.is_selected: each.is_selected = not each.is_selected num_selected -= 1 each.select_order = None else: if num_selected < max_selected: each.is_selected = not each.is_selected num_selected += 1 each.select_order = str(num_selected) if each.is_selected: selected.append(each.attribute) # 按钮卡片 elif group_type == GROUPTYPES[2]: for each in group: if each.rect.collidepoint(mouse_pos): each.is_selected = True selected.append(each.attribute) # 抛出异常 else: raise ValueError('checkClicked.group_type unsupport <%s>, expect <%s>, <%s> or <%s>...' % (group_type, *GROUPTYPES)) return selected详细讲解这段代码

函数接受三个参数：group ...如果 group_type 不是数字卡片、运算符卡片或按钮卡片，则该函数会抛出一个 ValueError 异常，提示 group_type 的值不受支持。最后，该函数返回一个包含选中 sprite 属性的列表。

class SVDRecommender: def init(self, k=50, ncv=None, tol=0, which='LM', v0=None, maxiter=None, return_singular_vectors=True, solver='arpack'): self.k = k self.ncv = ncv self.tol = tol self.which = which self.v0 = v0 self.maxiter = maxiter self.return_singular_vectors = return_singular_vectors self.solver = solver def svds(self, A): if self.which == 'LM': largest = True elif self.which == 'SM': largest = False else: raise ValueError("which must be either 'LM' or 'SM'.") if not (isinstance(A, LinearOperator) or isspmatrix(A) or is_pydata_spmatrix(A)): A = np.asarray(A) n, m = A.shape if self.k <= 0 or self.k >= min(n, m): raise ValueError("k must be between 1 and min(A.shape), k=%d" % self.k) if isinstance(A, LinearOperator): if n > m: X_dot = A.matvec X_matmat = A.matmat XH_dot = A.rmatvec XH_mat = A.rmatmat else: X_dot = A.rmatvec X_matmat = A.rmatmat XH_dot = A.matvec XH_mat = A.matmat dtype = getattr(A, 'dtype', None) if dtype is None: dtype = A.dot(np.zeros([m, 1])).dtype else: if n > m: X_dot = X_matmat = A.dot XH_dot = XH_mat = _herm(A).dot else: XH_dot = XH_mat = A.dot X_dot = X_matmat = _herm(A).dot def matvec_XH_X(x): return XH_dot(X_dot(x)) def matmat_XH_X(x): return XH_mat(X_matmat(x)) XH_X = LinearOperator(matvec=matvec_XH_X, dtype=A.dtype, matmat=matmat_XH_X, shape=(min(A.shape), min(A.shape))) #获得隐式定义的格拉米矩阵的低秩近似。 eigvals, eigvec = eigsh(XH_X, k=self.k, tol=self.tol ** 2, maxiter=self.maxiter, ncv=self.ncv, which=self.which, v0=self.v0) #格拉米矩阵有实非负特征值。 eigvals = np.maximum(eigvals.real, 0) #使用来自pinvh的小特征值的复数检测。 t = eigvec.dtype.char.lower() factor = {'f': 1E3, 'd': 1E6} cond = factor[t] * np.finfo(t).eps cutoff = cond * np.max(eigvals) #获得一个指示哪些本征对不是简并微小的掩码， #并为阈值奇异值创建一个重新排序数组。 above_cutoff = (eigvals > cutoff) nlarge = above_cutoff.sum() nsmall = self.k - nlarge slarge = np.sqrt(eigvals[above_cutoff]) s = np.zeros_like(eigvals) s[:nlarge] = slarge if not self.return_singular_vectors: return np.sort(s) if n > m: vlarge = eigvec[:, above_cutoff] ularge = X_matmat(vlarge) / slarge if self.return_singular_vectors != 'vh' else None vhlarge = _herm(vlarge) else: ularge = eigvec[:, above_cutoff] vhlarge = _herm(X_matmat(ularge) / slarge) if self.return_singular_vectors != 'u' else None u = _augmented_orthonormal_cols(ularge, nsmall) if ularge is not None else None vh = _augmented_orthonormal_rows(vhlarge, nsmall) if vhlarge is not None else None indexes_sorted = np.argsort(s) s = s[indexes_sorted] if u is not None: u = u[:, indexes_sorted] if vh is not None: vh = vh[indexes_sorted] return u, s, vh def _augmented_orthonormal_cols(U, n): if U.shape[0] <= n: return U Q, R = np.linalg.qr(U) return Q[:, :n] def _augmented_orthonormal_rows(V, n): if V.shape[1] <= n: return V Q, R = np.linalg.qr(V.T) return Q[:, :n].T def _herm(x): return np.conjugate(x.T) 将上述代码修改为使用LM，迭代器使用arpack

raise ValueError("which must be either 'LM' or 'SM'.") if not (isinstance(A, LinearOperator) or isspmatrix(A) or is_pydata_spmatrix(A)): A = np.asarray(A) n, m = A.shape if self.k <= 0 or ...

from scipy.sparse.linalg import eigsh, LinearOperator from scipy.sparse import isspmatrix, is_pydata_spmatrix class SVDRecommender: def init(self, k=50, ncv=None, tol=0, which='LM', v0=None, maxiter=None, return_singular_vectors=True, solver='arpack'): self.k = k self.ncv = ncv self.tol = tol self.which = which self.v0 = v0 self.maxiter = maxiter self.return_singular_vectors = return_singular_vectors self.solver = solver def svds(self, A): if self.which == 'LM': largest = True elif self.which == 'SM': largest = False else: raise ValueError("which must be either 'LM' or 'SM'.") if not (isinstance(A, LinearOperator) or isspmatrix(A) or is_pydata_spmatrix(A)): A = np.asarray(A) n, m = A.shape if self.k <= 0 or self.k >= min(n, m): raise ValueError("k must be between 1 and min(A.shape), k=%d" % self.k) if isinstance(A, LinearOperator): if n > m: X_dot = A.matvec X_matmat = A.matmat XH_dot = A.rmatvec XH_mat = A.rmatmat else: X_dot = A.rmatvec X_matmat = A.rmatmat XH_dot = A.matvec XH_mat = A.matmat dtype = getattr(A, 'dtype', None) if dtype is None: dtype = A.dot(np.zeros([m, 1])).dtype else: if n > m: X_dot = X_matmat = A.dot XH_dot = XH_mat = _herm(A).dot else: XH_dot = XH_mat = A.dot X_dot = X_matmat = _herm(A).dot def matvec_XH_X(x): return XH_dot(X_dot(x)) def matmat_XH_X(x): return XH_mat(X_matmat(x)) XH_X = LinearOperator(matvec=matvec_XH_X, dtype=A.dtype, matmat=matmat_XH_X, shape=(min(A.shape), min(A.shape))) #获得隐式定义的格拉米矩阵的低秩近似。 eigvals, eigvec = eigsh(XH_X, k=self.k, tol=self.tol ** 2, maxiter=self.maxiter, ncv=self.ncv, which=self.which, v0=self.v0) #格拉米矩阵有实非负特征值。 eigvals = np.maximum(eigvals.real, 0) #使用来自pinvh的小特征值的复数检测。 t = eigvec.dtype.char.lower() factor = {'f': 1E3, 'd': 1E6} cond = factor[t] * np.finfo(t).eps cutoff = cond * np.max(eigvals) #获得一个指示哪些本征对不是简并微小的掩码， #并为阈值奇异值创建一个重新排序数组。 above_cutoff = (eigvals > cutoff) nlarge = above_cutoff.sum() nsmall = self.k - nlarge slarge = np.sqrt(eigvals[above_cutoff]) s = np.zeros_like(eigvals) s[:nlarge] = slarge if not self.return_singular_vectors: return np.sort(s) if n > m: vlarge = eigvec[:, above_cutoff] ularge = X_matmat(vlarge) / slarge if self.return_singular_vectors != 'vh' else None vhlarge = _herm(vlarge) else: ularge = eigvec[:, above_cutoff] vhlarge = _herm(X_matmat(ularge) / slarge) if self.return_singular_vectors != 'u' else None u = _augmented_orthonormal_cols(ularge, nsmall) if ularge is not None else None vh = _augmented_orthonormal_rows(vhlarge, nsmall) if vhlarge is not None else None indexes_sorted = np.argsort(s) s = s[indexes_sorted] if u is not None: u = u[:, indexes_sorted] if vh is not None: vh = vh[indexes_sorted] return u, s, vh def _augmented_orthonormal_cols(U, n): if U.shape[0] <= n: return U Q, R = np.linalg.qr(U) return Q[:, :n] def _augmented_orthonormal_rows(V, n): if V.shape[1] <= n: return V Q, R = np.linalg.qr(V.T) return Q[:, :n].T def _herm(x): return np.conjugate(x.T)这段代码在largest = False处报错了，报错信息为：Local variable 'largest' is assigned to but never used (pyfLakes E)如何改正

raise ValueError("which must be either 'LM' or 'SM'.") 改成： largest = self.which == 'LM' if not largest and self.which != 'SM': raise ValueError("which must be either 'LM' or 'SM'.") ...

class SVDRecommender: def init(self, k=50, ncv=None, tol=0, which='LM', v0=None, maxiter=None, return_singular_vectors=True, solver='arpack'): self.k = k self.ncv = ncv self.tol = tol self.which = which self.v0 = v0 self.maxiter = maxiter self.return_singular_vectors = return_singular_vectors self.solver = solver def svds(self, A): if which == 'LM': largest = True elif which == 'SM': largest = False else: raise ValueError("which must be either 'LM' or 'SM'.") if not (isinstance(A, LinearOperator) or isspmatrix(A) or is_pydata_spmatrix(A)): A = np.asarray(A) n, m = A.shape if k <= 0 or k >= min(n, m): raise ValueError("k must be between 1 and min(A.shape), k=%d" % k) if isinstance(A, LinearOperator): if n > m: X_dot = A.matvec X_matmat = A.matmat XH_dot = A.rmatvec XH_mat = A.rmatmat else: X_dot = A.rmatvec X_matmat = A.rmatmat XH_dot = A.matvec XH_mat = A.matmat dtype = getattr(A, 'dtype', None) if dtype is None: dtype = A.dot(np.zeros([m, 1])).dtype else: if n > m: X_dot = X_matmat = A.dot XH_dot = XH_mat = _herm(A).dot else: XH_dot = XH_mat = A.dot X_dot = X_matmat = _herm(A).dot def matvec_XH_X(x): return XH_dot(X_dot(x)) def matmat_XH_X(x): return XH_mat(X_matmat(x)) XH_X = LinearOperator(matvec=matvec_XH_X, dtype=A.dtype, matmat=matmat_XH_X, shape=(min(A.shape), min(A.shape))) # Get a low rank approximation of the implicitly defined gramian matrix. eigvals, eigvec = eigsh(XH_X, k=k, tol=tol ** 2, maxiter=maxiter, ncv=ncv, which=which, v0=v0) # Gramian matrix has real non-negative eigenvalues. eigvals = np.maximum(eigvals.real, 0) # Use complex detection of small eigenvalues from pinvh. t = eigvec.dtype.char.lower() factor = {'f': 1E3, 'd': 1E6} cond = factor[t] * np.finfo(t).eps cutoff = cond * np.max(eigvals) # Get a mask indicating which eigenpairs are not degenerate tiny, # and create a reordering array for thresholded singular values. above_cutoff = (eigvals > cutoff) nlarge = above_cutoff.sum() nsmall = k - nlarge slarge = np.sqrt(eigvals[above_cutoff]) s = np.zeros_like(eigvals) s[:nlarge] = slarge if not return_singular_vectors: return np.sort(s) if n > m: vlarge = eigvec[:, above_cutoff] ularge = X_matmat(vlarge) / slarge if return_singular_vectors != 'vh' else None vhlarge = _herm(vlarge) else: ularge = eigvec[:, above_cutoff] vhlarge = _herm(X_matmat(ularge) / slarge) if return_singular_vectors != 'u' else None u = _augmented_orthonormal_cols(ularge, nsmall) if ularge is not None else None vh = _augmented_orthonormal_rows(vhlarge, nsmall) if vhlarge is not None else None indexes_sorted = np.argsort(s) s = s[indexes_sorted] if u is not None: u = u[:, indexes_sorted] if vh is not None: vh = vh[indexes_sorted] return u, s, vh将这段代码放入一个.py文件中，用Spyder查看，有报错，可能是缩进有问题，无法被调用，根据这个问题，给出解决办法，给出改正后的完整代码

raise ValueError("which must be either 'LM' or 'SM'.") if not (isinstance(A, LinearOperator) or isspmatrix(A) or is_pydata_spmatrix(A)): A = np.asarray(A) n, m = A.shape if self.k <= 0 or self....

def new(cls, backend=None, prefix=None, kwargs): if backend is None and prefix is None: backend = 'disk' if backend is not None and backend not in cls._backends: raise ValueError( f'Backend {backend} is not supported. Currently supported ones' f' are {list(cls._backends.keys())}') if prefix is not None and prefix not in cls._prefix_to_backends: raise ValueError( f'prefix {prefix} is not supported. Currently supported ones ' f'are {list(cls._prefix_to_backends.keys())}') # concatenate the arguments to a unique key for determining whether # objects with the same arguments were created arg_key = f'{backend}:{prefix}' for key, value in kwargs.items(): arg_key += f':{key}:{value}' if arg_key in cls._instances: _instance = cls._instances[arg_key] else: # create a new object and put it to _instance _instance = super().new(cls) if backend is not None: _instance.client = cls._backends[backend](kwargs) else: _instance.client = cls._prefix_to_backends[prefix](**kwargs) cls._instances[arg_key] = _instance return _instance

如果指定的 backend 或 prefix 不在 _backends 或 _prefix_to_backends 中，则会引发一个 ValueError 异常。这个类会将所有的参数拼接成一个唯一的 key，用于判断是否已经创建了具有相同参数的对象。如果已经创建了...

解释一段python代码 class KalmanFilter(object): def init(self, dim_x, dim_z, dim_u=0): if dim_x < 1: raise ValueError('dim_x must be 1 or greater') if dim_z < 1: raise ValueError('dim_z must be 1 or greater') if dim_u < 0: raise ValueError('dim_u must be 0 or greater') self.dim_x = dim_x self.dim_z = dim_z self.dim_u = dim_u self.x = zeros((dim_x, 1)) # state self.P = eye(dim_x) # uncertainty covariance self.Q = eye(dim_x) # process uncertainty self.B = None # control transition matrix self.F = eye(dim_x) # state transition matrix self.H = zeros((dim_z, dim_x)) # Measurement function self.R = eye(dim_z) # state uncertainty self._alpha_sq = 1. # fading memory control self.M = np.zeros((dim_z, dim_z)) # process-measurement cross correlation self.z = np.array([[None]*self.dim_z]).T # gain and residual are computed during the innovation step. We # save them so that in case you want to inspect them for various # purposes self.K = np.zeros((dim_x, dim_z)) # kalman gain self.y = zeros((dim_z, 1)) self.S = np.zeros((dim_z, dim_z)) # system uncertainty self.SI = np.zeros((dim_z, dim_z)) # inverse system uncertainty # identity matrix. Do not alter this. self._I = np.eye(dim_x) # these will always be a copy of x,P after predict() is called self.x_prior = self.x.copy() self.P_prior = self.P.copy() # these will always be a copy of x,P after update() is called self.x_post = self.x.copy() self.P_post = self.P.copy() # Only computed only if requested via property self._log_likelihood = log(sys.float_info.min) self._likelihood = sys.float_info.min self._mahalanobis = None self.inv = np.linalg.inv

在这个方法中，首先会检查dim_x、dim_z和dim_u是否符合要求，如果不符合就会抛出ValueError异常。然后会根据参数的值初始化KalmanFilter对象的各个属性，包括状态量的维度dim_x、观测量的维度dim_z、控制量的维度dim...

class svd_recommender_py(): #svd矩阵推荐 def svds(A, ncv=None, tol=0, which='LM', v0=None, maxiter=None, return_singular_vectors=True, solver='arpack'): if which == 'LM': largest = True elif which == 'SM': largest = False else: raise ValueError("which must be either 'LM' or 'SM'.") if not (isinstance(A, LinearOperator) or isspmatrix(A) or is_pydata_spmatrix(A)): A = np.asarray(A) n, m = A.shape if k <= 0 or k >= min(n, m): raise ValueError("k must be between 1 and min(A.shape), k=%d" % k) if isinstance(A, LinearOperator): if n > m: X_dot = A.matvec X_matmat = A.matmat XH_dot = A.rmatvec XH_mat = A.rmatmat else: X_dot = A.rmatvec X_matmat = A.rmatmat XH_dot = A.matvec XH_mat = A.matmat dtype = getattr(A, 'dtype', None) if dtype is None: dtype = A.dot(np.zeros([m, 1])).dtype else: if n > m: X_dot = X_matmat = A.dot XH_dot = XH_mat = _herm(A).dot else: XH_dot = XH_mat = A.dot X_dot = X_matmat = _herm(A).dot def matvec_XH_X(x): return XH_dot(X_dot(x)) def matmat_XH_X(x): return XH_mat(X_matmat(x)) XH_X = LinearOperator(matvec=matvec_XH_X, dtype=A.dtype, matmat=matmat_XH_X, shape=(min(A.shape), min(A.shape))) # Get a low rank approximation of the implicitly defined gramian matrix. #获得隐式定义的格拉米矩阵的低秩近似。 #这不是解决问题的稳定方法。 solver == 'arpack' eigvals, eigvec = eigsh(XH_X, k=k, tol=tol ** 2, maxiter=maxiter, ncv=ncv, which=which, v0=v0) #格拉米矩阵具有实非负特征值。 eigvals = np.maximum(eigvals.real, 0) #使用来自pinvh的小特征值的复杂检测。 t = eigvec.dtype.char.lower() factor = {'f': 1E3, 'd': 1E6} cond = factor[t] * np.finfo(t).eps cutoff = cond * np.max(eigvals) #得到一个指示哪些本征对不是退化微小的掩码， #并创建阈值奇异值的重新排序数组。 above_cutoff = (eigvals > cutoff) nlarge = above_cutoff.sum() nsmall = k - nlarge slarge = np.sqrt(eigvals[above_cutoff]) s = np.zeros_like(eigvals) s[:nlarge] = slarge if not return_singular_vectors: return np.sort(s) if n > m: vlarge = eigvec[:, above_cutoff] ularge = X_matmat(vlarge) / slarge if return_singular_vectors != 'vh' else None vhlarge = _herm(vlarge) else: ularge = eigvec[:, above_cutoff] vhlarge = _herm(X_matmat(ularge) / slarge) if return_singular_vectors != 'u' else None u = _augmented_orthonormal_cols(ularge, nsmall) if ularge is not None else None vh = _augmented_orthonormal_rows(vhlarge, nsmall) if vhlarge is not None else None indexes_sorted = np.argsort(s) s = s[indexes_sorted] if u is not None: u = u[:, indexes_sorted] if vh is not None: vh = vh[indexes_sorted] return u, s, vh这段代码主要是为了将scipy包中的SVD计算方法封装成一个自定义类，是否封装合适？如果不合适，给出修改后的完整代码

raise ValueError("which must be either 'LM' or 'SM'.") if not (isinstance(A, LinearOperator) or isspmatrix(A) or is_pydata_spmatrix(A)): A = np.asarray(A) n, m = A.shape if k <= 0 or k >= min...

def merge(input_data_path): merged_data = pd.DataFrame() data_name_list = os.listdir(input_data_path) print(data_name_list) for data_name in data_name_list: # 读取csv文件 print('processing '+data_name+'……') src_file = os.path.join(input_data_path,data_name) data = pd.read_csv(src_file) # data['systemNo'] = data['iuId'].str[12:14] merged_data = pd.concat([merged_data, data]) del data # dst_file = os.path.join(history_data_path,data_name) # shutil.move(src_file,dst_file) # print('delete '+data_name+'……') # merged_data.to_csv(save_data_path,index=False) return merged_data合并后的数据进行data.loc[i, 'temp_range'] = data.loc[i, 'iu39Ti'] - data.loc[i, 'iu38To']报错ValueError: Must have equal len keys and value when setting with an iterable

这个错误通常是由于在设置DataFrame某一列的值时，传入的Iterable对象长度与DataFrame的长度不一致导致的。你可以在设置这一列的值之前，先检查一下这个Iterable对象的长度是否与DataFrame的长度相同。...

请仿照这一段代码，if self.type == "csv": try: self.pd_data = pd.read_csv(self.file_path) except: raise ValueError('csv路径错误') elif self.type == "txt": self.pd_data = pd.DataFrame( pd.read_table(self.file_path, sep=' ', header=None, engine='python', names=self.names)) elif self.type == "pmlb": try: self.pd_data = fetch_data(str(self.file_path), local_cache_dir='./datasets', return_X_y=False) self.x, self.y = fetch_data(str(self.file_path), local_cache_dir='./datasets', return_X_y=True) except: raise ValueError('pmlb数据集名称错误') elif self.type == "numpy": try: self.pd_data = pd.DataFrame(self.file_path) self.x, self.y = pd.DataFrame(self.file_path[:, :-1]), pd.DataFrame(self.file_path[:, -1]) except: raise ValueError('numpy数据集设置失败')

def __init__(self, file_path, file_type, names=None): self.file_path = file_path self.file_type = file_type self.names = names self.pd_data = None self.x = None self.y = None def read_data...

browser = webdriver.Chrome()报错ValueError: Timeout value connect was , but it must be an int, float or None.

这个错误是因为 webdriver.Chrome() 方法的 timeout 参数需要传入一个整数、浮点数或 None，但是你传入了一个空值或非数字类型的值。你可以尝试修改代码为： from selenium import webdriver browser = ...

import numpy as np from scipy.optimize import linprog def integer_cutting_plane(c, A, b, bounds): relaxed_A = A relaxed_b = b while True: res = linprog(c=c, A_ub=relaxed_A, b_ub=relaxed_b, bounds=bounds) x = res.x if all(int(val) == val for val in x): return x.astype(int) new_constraint = (relaxed_A @ x <= relaxed_b) relaxed_A = np.vstack((relaxed_A, new_constraint)) def get_bounds(): return [(0, None), (0, None)] def get_c(): return np.array([40, 90]) def get_A(): return np.array([[-9, -7], [-7, -20]]) def get_b(): return np.array([-56, -70]) if name == 'main': bounds = get_bounds() integer_cutting_plane(get_c(), get_A(), get_b(), bounds)以上代码运行报错ValueError: Invalid input for linprog: b_ub must be a 1-D array; b_ub must not have more than one non-singleton dimension and the number of rows in A_ub must equal the number of values in b_ub 请解决

relaxed_A = np.vstack((relaxed_A, new_constraint)) def get_bounds(): return [(0, None), (0, None)] def get_c(): return np.array([40, 90]) def get_A(): return np.array([[-9, -7], [-7, -20]]) ...

def call(self, input, index=None): if input is None: raise ValueError("Input cannot be None.") output = self.forward_static(input) if index is None: index = np.argmax(output.cpu().data.numpy()) one_hot = np.zeros((1, output.size()[-1]), dtype=np.float32) one_hot[0][index] = 1 one_hot = Variable(torch.from_numpy(one_hot), requires_grad=True) if self.cuda: one_hot = torch.sum(one_hot.cuda() * output) else: one_hot = torch.sum(one_hot * output) one_hot.backward() output = input.grad.cpu().data.numpy() output = output[0, :, :, :] return output 代码中执行output = input.grad.cpu().data.numpy() 时报错'NoneType' object has no attribute 'cpu' 如何解决

raise ValueError("Input cannot be None.") output = self.forward_static(input) if index is None: index = np.argmax(output.cpu().data.numpy()) one_hot = np.zeros((1, output.size()[-1]), dtype=...

ValueError: name for name_scope must be a string.

If you are passing a variable or an object, convert it to a string before passing it. For example: import tensorflow as tf # define a variable var = tf.Variable(0, name='my_var') # create a ...

class MyDataSet(Dataset): """自定义数据集""" def init(self, images_path: list, images_class: list, transform=None): self.images_path = images_path self.images_class = images_class self.transform = transform def len(self): return len(self.images_path) def getitem(self, item): img = Image.open(self.images_path[item]) # RGB为彩色图片，L为灰度图片 if img.mode != 'RGB': raise ValueError("image: {} isn't RGB mode.".format(self.images_path[item])) label = self.images_class[item] if self.transform is not None: img = self.transform(img) print(label) return img, label @staticmethod def collate_fn(batch): # 官方实现的default_collate可以参考 # https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/blob/67b7e751e6b5931a9f45274653f4f653a4e6cdf6/torch/utils/data/_utils/collate.py images, labels = tuple(zip(*batch)) images = torch.stack(images, dim=0) labels = torch.as_tensor(np.array(labels[:, 0])) return images, labels

这段代码是一个自定义的 PyTorch 数据集类 MyDataSet，它继承自 PyTorch 内置的 Dataset 类。在 __init__ 方法中，该类接收两个列表 images_path 和 images_class，分别代表图片的路径和对应的类别。还...

c++class Student: def init(self): self._age = None self._gender = None self._scores = {'Chinese': None, 'Math': None, 'English': None} @property def age(self): return self._age @age.setter def age(self, value): if not isinstance(value, int) or value < 0: raise ValueError('Invalid age') self._age = value @property def gender(self): return self._gender @gender.setter def gender(self, value): if value not in ['male', 'female']: raise ValueError('Invalid gender') self._gender = value @property def scores(self): return self._scores def set_score(self, subject, score): if subject not in self._scores: raise ValueError('Invalid subject') self._scores[subject] = score def input_score(subject): while True: try: score = int(input(f'请输入{subject}成绩：')) if score < 0 or score > 100: print('分数必须在0-100之间') continue return score except ValueError: print('请输入数字') # 主函数 try: s = Student() s.age = int(input('请输入学生年龄：')) s.gender = input('请输入学生性别（male或female）：') for subject in ['Chinese', 'Math', 'English']: score = input_score(subject) s.set_score(subject, score) print('学生信息设置成功！') except ValueError as e: print('学生信息设置失败：', e)

这是一个使用 Python 实现的学生类，包含年龄、性别和成绩等属性。其中，年龄和性别使用了装饰器 @property 和 @setter 实现了属性的访问和修改限制。成绩可以通过方法 set_score() 进行设置，输入成绩时使用了一个...

ValueError: Attempt to convert a value (<TFRecordDatasetV2 element_spec=TensorSpec(shape=(), dtype=tf.string, name=None)>) with an unsupported type (<class 'tensorflow.python.data.ops.readers.TFRecordDatasetV2'>) to a Tensor.

"image": tf.io.FixedLenFeature([], tf.string), "label": tf.io.FixedLenFeature([], tf.int64) } parsed_features = tf.io.parse_single_example(example_proto, features) image = tf.io.decode_jpeg...

def get_cls( query: Union[None, str, Type[X]], base: Type[X], lookup_dict: Mapping[str, Type[X]], default: Optional[Type[X]] = None, suffix: Optional[str] = None, ) -> Type[X]: """Get a class by string, default, or implementation.""" if query is None: if default is None: raise ValueError(f'No default {base.name} set') return default elif not isinstance(query, (str, type)): raise TypeError(f'Invalid {base.name} type: {type(query)} - {query}') elif isinstance(query, str): try: return lookup_dict[normalize_string(query, suffix=suffix)] except KeyError: raise ValueError(f'Invalid {base.name} name: {query}') elif issubclass(query, base): return query raise TypeError(f'Not subclass of {base.name}: {query}')解释

函数首先检查 query 的类型，如果为 None，则检查 default 是否为 None，如果为 None，则抛出 ValueError 异常。如果 query 不是字符串或类对象，则抛出 TypeError 异常。如果 query 是字符串，则使用 ...

ValueError: You selected an invalid strategy name: `strategy=None`. It must be either a string or an instance of `pytorch_lightning.strategies.Strategy`. Example choices: auto, ddp, ddp_spawn, deepspeed, ... Find a complete list of options in our documentation at https://lightning.ai

ValueError: You selected an invalid strategy name: `strategy=None`. It must be either a string or an instance of `pytorch_lightning.strategies.Strategy`. Example choices: auto, ddp, ddp_spawn, deepspeed,

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