dp = [[0] * abs(max_y-min_y) for _ in range(abs(max_x-min_x))]

这行代码使用了列表推导式来创建一个二维列表。其中`max_x`和`min_x`分别是x轴坐标的最大值和最小值，`max_y`和`min_y`分别是y轴坐标的最大值和最小值。

这个二维列表的大小为`abs(max_x - min_x)`行，`abs(max_y - min_y)`列，每个元素都被初始化为`0`。

具体来说，`[0] * abs(max_y-min_y)`会创建一个长度为`abs(max_y-min_y)`的列表，每个元素都是`0`。然后，外层的`for`循环会执行`abs(max_x-min_x)`次，每次生成一个新的这样的列表。这样就实现了一个大小为`abs(max_x - min_x)`行，`abs(max_y - min_y)`列的二维列表，并且每个元素都被初始化为`0`。

例如，如果`max_x`是`3`，`min_x`是`-2`，`max_y`是`4`，`min_y`是`-1`，那么生成的二维列表就是一个`6`行`5`列的列表，具体内容如下：

[
    [0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
    [0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
    [0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
    [0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
    [0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
    [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
]

相关问题

x = 0 - min_x y = 0 - min_y # 构建二维数据 dp = [[0] * abs(max_y-min_y) for _ in range(abs(max_x-min_x))]

这段代码是在构建一个二维数据，其中`min_x`和`min_y`是x和y的最小值，`max_x`和`max_y`是x和y的最大值。这个二维数据的大小是`abs(max_x-min_x)`行，`abs(max_y-min_y)`列，其中的每一个元素都被初始化为`0`。

`x = 0 - min_x`和`y = 0 - min_y`是为了让数据中的最小值变成`(0,0)`，因为数组的下标不能为负数，这样可以方便地对数组进行访问。

以下是一个示例：

假设数据的横坐标范围是`-10`到`10`，纵坐标范围是`-5`到`5`，那么`min_x`就是`-10`，`max_x`就是`10`，`min_y`就是`-5`，`max_y`就是`5`。那么构建的二维数据就是`21`行`11`列的数组，其中第一行第一列的元素对应原数据中的坐标点为`(-10,-5)`，最后一行最后一列的元素对应原数据中的坐标点为`(10,5)`，数组中的每个元素都被初始化为`0`。

LDAM损失函数pytorch代码如下：class LDAMLoss(nn.Module): def init(self, cls_num_list, max_m=0.5, weight=None, s=30): super(LDAMLoss, self).init() m_list = 1.0 / np.sqrt(np.sqrt(cls_num_list)) m_list = m_list * (max_m / np.max(m_list)) m_list = torch.cuda.FloatTensor(m_list) self.m_list = m_list assert s > 0 self.s = s if weight is not None: weight = torch.FloatTensor(weight).cuda() self.weight = weight self.cls_num_list = cls_num_list def forward(self, x, target): index = torch.zeros_like(x, dtype=torch.uint8) index_float = index.type(torch.cuda.FloatTensor) batch_m = torch.matmul(self.m_list[None, :], index_float.transpose(1,0)) # 0,1 batch_m = batch_m.view((16, 1)) # size=(batch_size, 1) (-1,1) x_m = x - batch_m output = torch.where(index, x_m, x) if self.weight is not None: output = output * self.weight[None, :] target = torch.flatten(target) # 将 target 转换成 1D Tensor logit = output * self.s return F.cross_entropy(logit, target, weight=self.weight) 模型部分参数如下：# 设置全局参数 model_lr = 1e-5 BATCH_SIZE = 16 EPOCHS = 50 DEVICE = torch.device('cuda:0' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu') use_amp = True use_dp = True classes = 7 resume = None CLIP_GRAD = 5.0 Best_ACC = 0 #记录最高得分 use_ema=True model_ema_decay=0.9998 start_epoch=1 seed=1 seed_everything(seed) # 数据增强 mixup mixup_fn = Mixup( mixup_alpha=0.8, cutmix_alpha=1.0, cutmix_minmax=None, prob=0.1, switch_prob=0.5, mode='batch', label_smoothing=0.1, num_classes=classes) 帮我用pytorch实现模型在模型训练中使用LDAM损失函数

好的，以下是使用 LDAM 损失函数训练模型的代码示例：

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.optim as optim
import torch.nn.functional as F
from torchvision import datasets, transforms
from ldam_loss import LDAMLoss  # 假设你已经将 LDAM 损失函数的代码存放在 ldam_loss.py 文件中

# 设置全局参数
model_lr = 1e-5
BATCH_SIZE = 16
EPOCHS = 50
DEVICE = torch.device('cuda:0' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu')
use_amp = True
use_dp = True
classes = 7
resume = None
CLIP_GRAD = 5.0
Best_ACC = 0
use_ema = True
model_ema_decay = 0.9998
start_epoch = 1
seed = 1

# 设置随机种子
def seed_everything(seed):
    torch.manual_seed(seed)
    torch.cuda.manual_seed_all(seed)
    np.random.seed(seed)
    random.seed(seed)
seed_everything(seed)

# 数据增强 mixup
mixup_fn = Mixup(
    mixup_alpha=0.8,
    cutmix_alpha=1.0,
    cutmix_minmax=None,
    prob=0.1,
    switch_prob=0.5,
    mode='batch',
    label_smoothing=0.1,
    num_classes=classes
)

# 加载数据集
train_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(
    datasets.CIFAR10('./data', train=True, download=True, transform=transforms.Compose([
        transforms.RandomCrop(32, padding=4),
        transforms.RandomHorizontalFlip(),
        transforms.ToTensor(),
        transforms.Normalize((0.5, 0.5, 0.5), (0.5, 0.5, 0.5))
    ])),
    batch_size=BATCH_SIZE, shuffle=True, num_workers=4, pin_memory=True
)
test_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(
    datasets.CIFAR10('./data', train=False, transform=transforms.Compose([
        transforms.ToTensor(),
        transforms.Normalize((0.5, 0.5, 0.5), (0.5, 0.5, 0.5))
    ])),
    batch_size=BATCH_SIZE, shuffle=False, num_workers=4, pin_memory=True
)

# 定义模型
class Net(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self):
        super(Net, self).__init__()
        self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(3, 6, 5)
        self.pool = nn.MaxPool2d(2, 2)
        self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(6, 16, 5)
        self.fc1 = nn.Linear(16 * 5 * 5, 120)
        self.fc2 = nn.Linear(120, 84)
        self.fc3 = nn.Linear(84, 10)

    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.pool(F.relu(self.conv1(x)))
        x = self.pool(F.relu(self.conv2(x)))
        x = x.view(-1, 16 * 5 * 5)
        x = F.relu(self.fc1(x))
        x = F.relu(self.fc2(x))
        x = self.fc3(x)
        return x

# 初始化模型和优化器
model = Net().to(DEVICE)
optimizer = optim.Adam(model.parameters(), lr=model_lr)

# 如果 resume 不为空，则从指定的 checkpoint 恢复模型和优化器
if resume is not None:
    checkpoint = torch.load(resume)
    model.load_state_dict(checkpoint['model'])
    optimizer.load_state_dict(checkpoint['optimizer'])
    start_epoch = checkpoint['epoch'] + 1
    Best_ACC = checkpoint['Best_ACC']
    print(f"Resuming from checkpoint {resume}, epoch {start_epoch}")

# 使用 LDAM 损失函数
cls_num_list = [1000] * classes
criterion = LDAMLoss(cls_num_list, max_m=0.5, s=30).to(DEVICE)

# 训练模型
for epoch in range(start_epoch, EPOCHS + 1):
    train_loss = 0
    train_acc = 0
    model.train()
    for batch_idx, (data, target) in enumerate(train_loader):
        data, target = data.to(DEVICE), target.to(DEVICE)
        data, target_a, target_b, lam = mixup_fn(data, target)  # mixup 增强
        optimizer.zero_grad()
        output = model(data)
        loss = lam * criterion(output, target_a) + (1 - lam) * criterion(output, target_b)  # 计算 mixup 后的损失函数
        loss.backward()
        if CLIP_GRAD:
            torch.nn.utils.clip_grad_norm_(model.parameters(), CLIP_GRAD)  # 梯度裁剪
        optimizer.step()
        train_loss += loss.item() * data.size(0)
        pred = output.argmax(dim=1, keepdim=True)
        train_acc += pred.eq(target.view_as(pred)).sum().item()

    train_loss /= len(train_loader.dataset)
    train_acc /= len(train_loader.dataset)

    # 计算测试集上的损失和准确率
    test_loss = 0
    test_acc = 0
    model.eval()
    with torch.no_grad():
        for data, target in test_loader:
            data, target = data.to(DEVICE), target.to(DEVICE)
            output = model(data)
            test_loss += F.cross_entropy(output, target, reduction='sum').item()
            pred = output.argmax(dim=1, keepdim=True)
            test_acc += pred.eq(target.view_as(pred)).sum().item()

    test_loss /= len(test_loader.dataset)
    test_acc /= len(test_loader.dataset)

    # 更新 Best_ACC 并保存模型
    if test_acc > Best_ACC:
        Best_ACC = test_acc
        state = {
            'model': model.state_dict(),
            'optimizer': optimizer.state_dict(),
            'epoch': epoch,
            'Best_ACC': Best_ACC
        }
        torch.save(state, f'model_epoch_{epoch}_acc_{Best_ACC:.4f}.pth')

    # 打印训练日志
    print(f"Epoch {epoch}/{EPOCHS}: train_loss={train_loss:.4f} train_acc={train_acc:.4f} test_loss={test_loss:.4f} test_acc={test_acc:.4f}")

这里使用的是 CIFAR-10 数据集和一个简单的卷积神经网络模型，你需要将其替换成你自己的数据集和模型。