python小游戏贪吃蛇

### 使用 Python 制作贪吃蛇游戏

#### 游戏框架的选择
对于初学者来说，`turtle` 库是一个不错的选择来实现简单图形界面的游戏[^3]；而对于更复杂的需求，则可以考虑 `pygame` 这样的专用游戏开发库[^4]。

#### Pygame 版本的贪吃蛇代码结构
下面展示了一个基于 `pygame` 的简化版贪吃蛇游戏的核心逻辑：

import pygame
import time
import random

# 初始化 Pygame
pygame.init()

# 设置窗口大小
width = 800
height = 600
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((width, height))
pygame.display.set_caption('Snake Game')

# 颜色定义
white = (255, 255, 255)
black = (0, 0, 0)
red = (213, 50, 80)

# 蛇的位置初始化
snake_block_size = 10
snake_speed = 15
snake_list = []
length_of_snake = 1
x_change = 0
y_change = 0
x1 = width / 2
y1 = height / 2

# 食物位置随机生成
foodx = round(random.randrange(0, width - snake_block_size) / 10.0) * 10.0
foody = round(random.randrange(0, height - snake_block_size) / 10.0) * 10.0

clock = pygame.time.Clock()
font_style = pygame.font.SysFont(None, 50)


def our_snake(snake_block, snake_List):
    for x in snake_List:
        pygame.draw.rect(screen, black, [x[0], x[1], snake_block, snake_block])


def message(msg, color):
    mesg = font_style.render(msg, True, color)
    screen.blit(mesg, [width / 6, height / 3])


game_over = False
while not game_over:

    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            game_over = True
        elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
            if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
                x_change = -snake_block_size
                y_change = 0
            elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
                x_change = snake_block_size
                y_change = 0
            elif event.key == pygame.K_UP:
                y_change = -snake_block_size
                x_change = 0
            elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
                y_change = snake_block_size
                x_change = 0
    
    # 边界碰撞检测
    if x1 >= width or x1 < 0 or y1 >= height or y1 < 0:
        game_over = True
        
    x1 += x_change
    y1 += y_change
    screen.fill(white)
    
    # 绘制食物
    pygame.draw.rect(screen, red, [foodx, foody, snake_block_size, snake_block_size])
    
    # 更新蛇的身体部分
    snake_head = []
    snake_head.append(x1)
    snake_head.append(y1)
    snake_list.append(snake_head)
    if len(snake_list) > length_of_snake:
        del snake_list[0]

    # 自身碰撞检测
    for segment in snake_list[:-1]:
        if segment == snake_head:
            game_over = True
            
    our_snake(snake_block_size, snake_list)
    
    pygame.display.update()
    
    # 吃到食物后的处理
    if x1 == foodx and y1 == foody:
        foodx = round(random.randrange(0, width - snake_block_size) / 10.0) * 10.0
        foody = round(random.randrange(0, height - snake_block_size) / 10.0) * 10.0
        length_of_snake += 1
    
    clock.tick(snake_speed)

message("You lost", red)
pygame.display.update()
time.sleep(2)

pygame.quit()
quit()

这段代码展示了如何利用 `pygame` 创建一个基本的贪吃蛇游戏循环，包括方向控制、边界和自我碰撞判断以及吃到食物后增长长度等功能[^2]。