np.arange(max_degree).reshape(1, -1)

`np.arange(max_degree)` 创建了一个从 0 到 `max_degree-1` 的一维数组。然后，使用 `reshape(1, -1)` 对数组进行重塑，将其变为一个行向量，其中行数为 1，列数根据数组的大小自动确定。

这个操作的目的可能是为了创建一个包含从 0 到 `max_degree-1` 的连续整数的行向量，用于某些计算或数据处理任务。

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np.arange(max_degree).reshape(1, -1)中文回答

np.arange(max_degree).reshape(1, -1) 是一段代码，用于生成一个从 0 到 max_degree-1 的连续整数序列，并将其重塑为一个形状为 (1, max_degree) 的二维数组。其中，np.arange() 函数用于生成连续整数序列，reshape() 方法用于改变数组的形状。在这段代码中，我们通过将 max_degree 参数传递给 np.arange() 函数来确定连续整数序列的范围，然后使用 reshape() 方法将其重塑成一个包含单个行和 max_degree 列的二维数组。

给出各拟合曲线的误差MSE：import numpy as np import pandas as pd import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from scipy.stats import zscore import numpy as np from sklearn import linear_model from sklearn.preprocessing import PolynomialFeatures data = np.loadtxt('tb.txt', delimiter=',') # a=data[:,0] area = data[:, 0] price = data[:, 1] length = len(area) area = np.array(area).reshape([length, 1]) price = np.array(price) minx = min(area) maxx = max(area) x = np.arange(minx, maxx).reshape([-1, 1]) poly=PolynomialFeatures(degree=2) poly3=PolynomialFeatures(degree=3) poly4=PolynomialFeatures(degree=4) #poly5=PolynomialFeatures(degree=5) area_poly=poly.fit_transform(area) area_poly3=poly3.fit_transform(area) area_poly4=poly4.fit_transform(area) linear2 = linear_model.LinearRegression() linear2.fit(area_poly, price) linear3 = linear_model.LinearRegression() linear3.fit(area_poly3, price) linear4 = linear_model.LinearRegression() linear4.fit(area_poly4, price) #查看回归方程系数 print('Cofficients:',linear4.coef_) #查看回归方程截距 print('intercept',linear4.intercept_) plt.scatter(area, price, color='red') plt.plot(x, linear2.predict(poly.fit_transform(x)), color='blue') plt.plot(x, linear3.predict(poly3.fit_transform(x)), linestyle='--') plt.plot(x, linear4.predict(poly4.fit_transform(x)), linestyle='-.') plt.legend(['degree=0','degree=2','degree=3','degree=4']) plt.xlabel('Year') plt.ylabel('Price') plt.show() # 2022 year_2022 = np.array([[2022]]) area_2022_poly = poly.transform(year_2022) area_2022_poly3 = poly3.transform(year_2022) area_2022_poly4 = poly4.transform(year_2022) price_2022_degree2 = linear2.predict(area_2022_poly) price_2022_degree3 = linear3.predict(area_2022_poly3) price_2022_degree4 = linear4.predict(area_2022_poly4) print("Predicted price in 2022 (degree=2):", price_2022_degree2[0]) print("Predicted price in 2022 (degree=3):", price_2022_degree3[0]) print("Predicted price in 2022 (degree=4):", price_2022_degree4[0]) # 2023 year_2023 = np.array([[2023]]) area_2023_poly = poly.transform(year_2023) area_2023_poly3 = poly3.transform(year_2023) area_2023_poly4 = poly4.transform(year_2023) price_2023_degree2 = linear2.predict(area_2023_poly) price_2023_degree3 = linear3.predict(area_2023_poly3) price_2023_degree4 = linear4.predict(area_2023_poly4) print("Predicted price in 2023 (degree=2):", price_2023_degree2[0]) print("Predicted price in 2023 (degree=3):", price_2023_degree3[0]) print("Predicted price in 2023 (degree=4):", price_2023_degree4[0])

在该代码中，我们使用了不同次数的多项式进行回归拟合，并使用均方误差（MSE）来评估拟合的误差。具体来说，我们可以使用sklearn中的mean_squared_error函数来计算MSE。以下是代码中的修改和MSE的计算：

import numpy as np 
import pandas as pd 
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 
from scipy.stats import zscore 
import numpy as np 
from sklearn import linear_model 
from sklearn.preprocessing import PolynomialFeatures 
from sklearn.metrics import mean_squared_error

data = np.loadtxt('tb.txt', delimiter=',')
area = data[:, 0] 
price = data[:, 1] 
length = len(area) 
area = np.array(area).reshape([length, 1]) 
price = np.array(price) 
minx = min(area) 
maxx = max(area) 
x = np.arange(minx, maxx).reshape([-1, 1]) 
poly=PolynomialFeatures(degree=2) 
poly3=PolynomialFeatures(degree=3) 
poly4=PolynomialFeatures(degree=4) 

area_poly=poly.fit_transform(area) 
area_poly3=poly3.fit_transform(area) 
area_poly4=poly4.fit_transform(area) 

linear2 = linear_model.LinearRegression() 
linear2.fit(area_poly, price) 
linear3 = linear_model.LinearRegression() 
linear3.fit(area_poly3, price) 
linear4 = linear_model.LinearRegression() 
linear4.fit(area_poly4, price) 

# 评估拟合误差
mse2 = mean_squared_error(price, linear2.predict(area_poly))
mse3 = mean_squared_error(price, linear3.predict(area_poly3))
mse4 = mean_squared_error(price, linear4.predict(area_poly4))
print("MSE (degree=2):", mse2)
print("MSE (degree=3):", mse3)
print("MSE (degree=4):", mse4)

plt.scatter(area, price, color='red') 
plt.plot(x, linear2.predict(poly.fit_transform(x)), color='blue') 
plt.plot(x, linear3.predict(poly3.fit_transform(x)), linestyle='--') 
plt.plot(x, linear4.predict(poly4.fit_transform(x)), linestyle='-.') 
plt.legend(['degree=0','degree=2','degree=3','degree=4']) 
plt.xlabel('Year') 
plt.ylabel('Price') 
plt.show() 

# 2022
year_2022 = np.array([[2022]]) 
area_2022_poly = poly.transform(year_2022) 
area_2022_poly3 = poly3.transform(year_2022) 
area_2022_poly4 = poly4.transform(year_2022) 
price_2022_degree2 = linear2.predict(area_2022_poly) 
price_2022_degree3 = linear3.predict(area_2022_poly3) 
price_2022_degree4 = linear4.predict(area_2022_poly4) 
print("Predicted price in 2022 (degree=2):", price_2022_degree2[0]) 
print("Predicted price in 2022 (degree=3):", price_2022_degree3[0]) 
print("Predicted price in 2022 (degree=4):", price_2022_degree4[0]) 

# 2023
year_2023 = np.array([[2023]]) 
area_2023_poly = poly.transform(year_2023) 
area_2023_poly3 = poly3.transform(year_2023) 
area_2023_poly4 = poly4.transform(year_2023) 
price_2023_degree2 = linear2.predict(area_2023_poly) 
price_2023_degree3 = linear3.predict(area_2023_poly3) 
price_2023_degree4 = linear4.predict(area_2023_poly4) 
print("Predicted price in 2023 (degree=2):", price_2023_degree2[0]) 
print("Predicted price in 2023 (degree=3):", price_2023_degree3[0]) 
print("Predicted price in 2023 (degree=4):", price_2023_degree4[0]) 

输出结果中，MSE值越小，表示拟合误差越小，模型拟合效果越好。