Oracle数据库数据分析:利用SQL和PL_SQL挖掘数据洞察(3个真实案例)

发布时间: 2024-08-04 00:22:52 阅读量: 15 订阅数: 16
![Oracle数据库数据分析:利用SQL和PL_SQL挖掘数据洞察(3个真实案例)](https://img.foresightnews.pro/202211/4-1668073122415.png?x-oss-process=style/scale70) # 1. Oracle数据库数据分析概述 数据分析已成为现代企业决策的关键驱动力。Oracle数据库作为领先的数据库管理系统,提供了强大的数据分析功能,支持企业从海量数据中提取有价值的见解。 本章将概述Oracle数据库数据分析的基本概念和功能,包括: * 数据分析的定义和重要性 * Oracle数据库中支持数据分析的关键技术,如SQL和PL/SQL * 数据分析在不同行业和领域的应用场景 * Oracle数据库数据分析的优势和局限性 # 2. SQL基础及数据查询 ### 2.1 SQL语言的基本语法 SQL(Structured Query Language,结构化查询语言)是一种用于与关系型数据库交互的标准语言。它由以下基本语法组成: - **SELECT**:用于从表中检索数据。 - **FROM**:指定要检索数据的表。 - **WHERE**:用于根据特定条件过滤数据。 - **ORDER BY**:用于按指定列对结果进行排序。 ### 2.2 数据查询与筛选 #### 2.2.1 SELECT语句 SELECT语句用于从表中检索特定列的数据。其基本语法如下: ```sql SELECT column1, column2, ... FROM table_name WHERE condition; ``` **参数说明:** - **column1, column2, ...**:要检索的列。 - **table_name**:要查询的表。 - **condition**:用于过滤数据的条件(可选)。 **示例:** ```sql SELECT customer_name, customer_email FROM customers WHERE customer_city = 'London'; ``` 此查询将从"customers"表中检索所有居住在伦敦的客户的姓名和电子邮件地址。 #### 2.2.2 WHERE子句 WHERE子句用于根据特定条件过滤数据。它使用比较运算符(如=、<>、>、<、>=、<=)和逻辑运算符(如AND、OR、NOT)来创建条件。 **示例:** ```sql SELECT product_name, product_price FROM products WHERE product_category = 'Electronics' AND product_price > 100; ``` 此查询将从"products"表中检索所有属于"Electronics"类别的且价格大于100的产品的名称和价格。 ### 2.3 数据聚合与分组 #### 2.3.1 GROUP BY子句 GROUP BY子句用于将数据分组,并对每个组执行聚合函数。其基本语法如下: ```sql SELECT column_to_group_by, aggregate_function(column_to_aggregate) FROM table_name GROUP BY column_to_group_by; ``` **参数说明:** - **column_to_group_by**:用于分组的列。 - **aggregate_function**:要对分组数据执行的聚合函数(如SUM、COUNT、AVG)。 - **column_to_aggregate**:要聚合的列。 **示例:** ```sql SELECT customer_city, COUNT(*) AS customer_count FROM customers GROUP BY customer_city; ``` 此查询将按客户城市对"customers"表中的数据进行分组,并计算每个城市中客户的数量。 #### 2.3.2 聚合函数 聚合函数用于对分组数据执行计算,并返回一个汇总值。常用的聚合函数包括: - **SUM**:计算指定列中所有值的总和。 - **COUNT**:计算指定列中非空值的个数。 - **AVG**:计算指定列中所有值的平均值。 - **MIN**:返回指定列中的最小值。 - **MAX**:返回指定列中的最大值。 # 3.1 PL_SQL语言概述 **PL/SQL(Procedural Language/Structured Query Language)**是一种面向过程的扩展SQL
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