Version Control System Integration in PyCharm

# Git Version Control Integration in PyCharm

## 2.1 Basic Concepts and Workflow of Git

### 2.1.1 Git Repositories and Working Directories

Git version control system is centered around repositories (repo), which store the complete history of the code. The working directory is where users edit and modify code on their local computers.

### 2.1.2 Git Commits and History

Git records code changes through commits. Each commit contains a timestamp, committer information, and a commit message. These commits are linked together in chronological order, forming a Git history.

## 2. Git Version Control System Basics

### 2.1 Basic Concepts and Workflow of Git

#### 2.1.1 Git Repositories and Working Directories

The Git version control system uses repositories to store the history of code. Repositories can be located on a local computer or hosted on remote servers, such as GitHub or GitLab.

The working directory is where developers interact with the code. It contains the current version of the code and other related files, such as `.gitignore` and `.gitattributes`.

#### 2.1.2 Git Commits and History

Git uses commits to record changes to the code. Each commit includes a timestamp, committer information, and a brief description of the changes.

Git employs a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) ***mits can be linked to form a branching structure.

### 2.2 Git Command Line Operations

#### 2.2.1 Initialize a Git Repository

To initialize a Git repository, run the following command in the project directory:

git init

This will create a `.git` directory in the current directory, containing all the repository metadata.

#### 2.2.2 Add and Commit Files

To add files to the Git repository, use the `git add` command:

git add <file_name>

To commit changes, use the `git commit` command:

git commit -m "<commit_message>"

Where `<commit_message>` is a brief description of the commit.

#### 2.2.3 View History and Rollback

To view the commit history, use the `git log` command:

git log

To rollback to a previous commit, use the `git reset` command:

git reset --hard <commit_hash>

Where `<commit_hash>` is the hash value of the target commit.

# 3. PyCharm Integration with Git

### 3.1 Using the Git Toolbar in PyCharm

PyCharm integrates a Git toolbar, providing a convenient graphical interface to manage Git version control. The toolbar is located at the bottom of the IDE window and includes the following buttons:

- **Git Status:** Displays the current Git status of the working directory, including modified files, staged files, and committed files.
- **Commit:** Commits staged files to the local Git repository.
- **Push:** Pushes local commits to the remote Git repository.
- **Pull:** Pulls updates from