MySQL复制原理与实战:主从复制与读写分离,提升数据库可用性

发布时间: 2024-08-25 08:50:07 阅读量: 10 订阅数: 12
![MySQL复制原理与实战:主从复制与读写分离,提升数据库可用性](https://dev.mysql.com/blog-archive/mysqlserverteam/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/img1.png) # 1. MySQL复制概述** MySQL复制是一种数据库复制技术,它允许将一个数据库(主库)中的数据复制到一个或多个其他数据库(从库)中。MySQL复制主要用于以下目的: - **数据冗余和高可用性:**从库可以作为主库的备份,在主库发生故障时提供数据冗余和高可用性。 - **负载均衡:**从库可以分担主库的读操作负载,从而提高数据库的整体性能。 - **数据分发:**从库可以将数据分发到不同的地理位置或不同的应用程序中。 # 2. MySQL主从复制原理与配置 ### 2.1 主从复制的架构和工作原理 MySQL主从复制是一种数据复制技术,它允许一个数据库服务器(主库)将数据更改复制到一个或多个其他数据库服务器(从库)。这种架构提供了数据冗余、高可用性和可扩展性的优势。 主从复制的架构如下图所示: ```mermaid graph LR subgraph 主库 主库[主库] end subgraph 从库 从库1[从库1] 从库2[从库2] end 主库 --> 从库1 主库 --> 从库2 ``` 主从复制的工作原理如下: 1. **二进制日志记录:**主库将所有数据更改记录到一个称为二进制日志(binlog)的文件中。 2. **IO线程:**从库上的IO线程连接到主库,并从主库的二进制日志中读取数据更改。 3. **SQL线程:**从库上的SQL线程将从IO线程接收到的数据更改应用到其自己的数据库中。 ### 2.2 主从复制的配置和管理 #### 2.2.1 主库的配置 要启用主从复制,需要在主库上进行以下配置: ``` # 启用二进制日志记录 log_bin=ON # 指定二进制日志文件名称前缀 binlog_basename=mysql-bin # 服务器ID,每个主库必须具有唯一的服务器ID server_id=1 ``` #### 2.2.2 从库的配置 在从库上,需要进行以下配置: ``` # 指定主库的IP地址和端口 server-id=2 master_host=192.168.1.100 master_user=repl master_password=repl_password master_port=3306 ``` #### 2.2.3 复制参数的设置 还可以设置以下复制参数来优化复制性能: | 参数 | 说明 | |---|---| | binlog-do-db | 指定从库应复制哪些数据库 | | binlog-ignore-db | 指定从库应忽略哪些数据库 | | relay-log-recovery | 控制从库在崩溃后如何恢复复制 | | slave-skip-errors | 控制从库在遇到错误时是否跳过复制 | ### 代码示例 以下代码示例演示了如何在主库上启用二进制日志记录: ``` # 启用二进制日志记录 SET GLOBAL log_bin=ON; ``` 以下代码示例演示了如何在从库上配置复制: ``` # 指定主库信息 CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.100', MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='repl_password', MASTER_PORT=3306; # 开始复制 START SLAVE; ``` ### 逻辑分析 `SET GLOBAL log_bin=ON;`语句启用主库的二进制日志记录,这将记录所有数据更改。 `CHANGE MASTER TO`语句配置从库连接到主库并从其复制数据。 `START SLAVE;`语句启动从库的SQL线程,开始将数据更改应用到其自己的数据库中。 # 3. MySQL读写分离原理与配置 ### 3.1 读写分离的架构和工作原理
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