Windows Server 2012安装配置指南：70-410考试详解

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《安装与配置Windows Server 2012考试参考指南70-410》是一本由Microsoft Press出版的专业教材，专为准备参加70-410考试（Windows Server 2012安装与配置）的学习者设计。本书由Craig Zacker撰写，版权属于2012年的Microsoft Corporation，所有内容未经许可不得复制或传播。本书的核心内容围绕Windows Server 2012的安装与配置技术展开，涵盖了系统部署、网络设置、存储管理、安全策略、用户和组管理、虚拟化技术（如Hyper-V）、域服务、活动目录、IIS Web服务器配置以及系统监控和维护等多个关键知识点。通过详细的步骤和实例，读者能够深入理解并掌握如何在实际环境中有效地管理和操作Windows Server 2012。书中还强调了实践操作的重要性，鼓励读者在阅读理论知识的同时，通过模拟真实的考试场景进行实战演练，以提高对技术的理解和应用能力。此外，作者还提供了考试策略和技巧，帮助考生更好地准备考试。对于资源获取渠道，读者可以通过全球的书店或分销商购买，如果遇到关于书籍的问题，可以联系Microsoft Press Book Support（mspinput@microsoft.com）。同时，Microsoft Press也鼓励读者分享他们的阅读体验，可以通过官方网站上的链接提供反馈。在版权方面，书中提到的一些例子、公司、组织、产品名称、域名、电子邮件地址和标志等都是各自的商标，尊重知识产权是使用这些内容时必须遵守的原则。《Installing and Configuring Windows Server 2012 Exam Ref 70-410》是一本实用的考试复习指南，不仅适合备考者，也是IT专业人士提升Windows Server 2012管理技能的参考资料。通过深入学习和实践，读者将能够为自己的职业生涯增添重要的技术认证。

2 CHAPTER 1 Installing and conguring servers

Objective 1.1: Install servers

Installation is a key topic and has been extensively tested in previous Windows Server exams.

There is no reason to believe the 70-410 exam will be different. This objective discusses plan-

ning a Windows Server 2012 installation. It looks at the preinstallation requirements and how

you can prepare your installation hardware. It also considers the server roles you can imple-

ment during installation.

The objective takes you through a clean installation of Windows Server Core 2012 and

describes how the Features on Demand function enables you to optimize resources by

removing all the les associated with a server role or feature you have chosen to delete.

The objective also looks at the options for upgrading a Windows Server 2008 or Windows

Server 2008 R2 server to Windows Server 2012 and migrating roles from an existing server to

a new one.

This objective covers how to:

■

Plan for a server installation

■

Plan for server roles

■

Plan for a server upgrade

■

Install Server Core

■

Optimize resource utilization using Features on Demand

■

Migrate roles from previous versions of Windows Server

Planning for a server installation

In previous versions of Windows Server, installation planning could become a complex task.

You had to decide from the outset what edition of the operating system to install, whether

to install the 32-bit or 64-bit version, and whether you should perform a Server Core installa-

tion or use the full GUI. All these decisions affected the server hardware requirements, and all

of them were irrevocable. To change the edition, the platform, or the interface, you have to

reinstall the server from the beginning.

With Windows Server 2012, the options are reduced substantially, and so are the instal-

lation decisions. There is no 32-bit version of Windows Server 2012; only a 64-bit operating

system is available, reecting the fact that most major applications are now 64-bit and that

modern server congurations are typically supported on hardware that requires 64 bits.

There are now only four Windows Server 2012 editions from which to choose, down from six

in Windows Server 2008 R2. The Server Core and full GUI installation options remain, along

with a third option called the Minimal Server Interface. However, it is now possible to switch

among these options without having to reinstall the operating system.

Objective 1.1: Install servers CHAPTER 1 3

Selecting a Windows Server 2012 edition

Microsoft releases all its operating systems in multiple editions, which provides consumers

with varying price points and feature sets. When planning a server deployment, the operating

system edition you choose should be based on multiple factors, including the following:



The roles you intend the servers to perform



The virtualization strategy you intend to implement



The licensing strategy you plan to use

Compared with Windows Server 2008, Microsoft has simplied the process of selecting a

server edition by reducing the available products. As with Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows

Server 2012 requires a 64-bit processor architecture. All the 32-bit versions have been elimi-

nated, and for the rst time since the Windows NT Server 4.0 release, there will be no build

supporting Itanium processors. This leaves Windows Server 2012 with the following core

editions:



Windows Server 2012 Datacenter The Datacenter edition is designed for large and

powerful servers with up to 64 processors and fault-tolerance features such as hot add

processor support. As a result, this edition is available only through the Microsoft vol-

ume licensing program and from original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), bundled

with a server.



Windows Server 2012 Standard The Standard edition includes the full set of

Windows Server 2012 features and differs from the Datacenter edition only in the

number of virtual machine (VM) instances permitted by the license.



Windows Server 2012 Essentials The Essentials edition includes nearly all the

features in the Standard and Datacenter editions, except for Server Core, Hyper-V, and

Active Directory Federation Services. The edition is limited to one physical or virtual

server instance and a maximum of 25 users.



Windows Server 2012 Foundation The Foundation edition is a reduced version

of the operating system designed for small businesses that require only basic server

features such as le and print services and application support. The edition includes no

virtualization rights and is limited to 15 users.

These various editions have prices commensurate with their capabilities. Obviously, the

goal of administrators planning server deployments is to purchase the most inexpensive edi-

tion that meets all their needs. The following sections examine the primary differences among

the Windows Server 2012 editions.

Supporting server roles

Windows Server 2012 includes predened combinations of services called roles that imple-

ment common server functions. Computers running the Windows Server 2012 operating sys-

tem can perform a wide variety of tasks, using both the software included with the product

and third-party applications. The activities Windows Server 2012 performs for network clients

4 CHAPTER 1 Installing and conguring servers

are known as roles. After you install the Windows Server 2012 operating system, you can use

Server Manager or Windows PowerShell to assign one or more roles to that computer.

Some of the Windows Server 2012 editions include all these roles, whereas others include

only some of them. Selecting the appropriate edition of Windows Server has always been a

matter of anticipating the roles that the computer must perform. At one time, this was a rela-

tively simple process. You planned your server deployments by deciding which ones would

be domain controllers, which ones would be web servers, and so forth. Once you made these

decisions, you were done, because server roles were largely static.

With the increased focus on virtualization in Windows Server 2012, however, more admin-

istrators will be forced to consider not only what roles a server must perform at the time of

the deployment but also what roles it will perform in the future.

By using virtualized servers, you can modify your network’s server strategy at will to

accommodate changing workloads and business requirements or to adapt to unforeseen

circumstances. Therefore, the process of anticipating the roles a server will perform must

account for the potential expansion of your business and possible emergency needs.

Supporting server virtualization

The Windows Server 2012 Datacenter and Standard editions both include support for

Hyper-V, but they vary in the number of VMs permitted by their licenses. Each running

instance of the Windows Server 2012 operating system is classied as being in a physi-

cal operating system environment (POSE) or a virtual operating system environment (VOSE).

When you purchase a Windows Server 2012 license, you can perform a POSE installation of

the operating system, as always. After installing the Hyper-V role, you can then create VMs

and perform VOSE installations on them. The number of VOSE installations permitted by your

license depends on the edition you purchased, as shown in Table 1-1.

TABLE 1-1 Physical and virtual instances supported by Windows Server 2012 editions

Edition POSE Instances VOSE Instances

Datacenter 1 Unlimited

Standard 1 2

Essentials 1 (POSE or VOSE) 1 (POSE or VOSE)

Foundation 1 0

NOTE LICENSE RESTRICTIONS ARE NOT SOFTWARE RESTRICTIONS

The limitations specied in Table 1-1 are those of the license, not the software. You can, for

example, create more than two VMs on a copy of Windows Server 2012 Standard, but you

must purchase additional licenses to do so.

Objective 1.1: Install servers CHAPTER 1 5

Server licensing

Microsoft provides several different sales channels for Windows Server 2012 licenses, and not

all of the editions are available through all of the channels. Licensing Windows Server 2012

includes purchasing licenses for both servers and clients, and there are many options for

each one.

If you are already involved in a licensing agreement with Microsoft, you should be aware

of the server editions that are available to you through that agreement. If you are not, you

should investigate the licensing options available to you before you select a server edition.

Table 1-2 lists the sales channels through which you can purchase each of the Windows

Server 2012 editions.

TABLE 1-2 Windows Server sales channel availability by edition

Retail Volume Licensing Original Equipment Manufacturer

Datacenter No Yes Yes

Standard Yes Yes Yes

Essentials Yes Yes Yes

Foundation No No Yes

Installation requirements

If your computer has less than the following hardware specications, Windows Server 2012

will not install correctly (or possibly at all):



1.4-GHz 64-bit processor



512 MB RAM



32 GB available disk space



DVD drive



Super VGA (800 × 600) or higher resolution monitor



Keyboard and mouse (or other compatible pointing device)



Internet access

32 GB of available disk space should be considered an absolute minimum. The system

partition will need extra space if you install the system over a network or if your computer has

more than 16 GB of RAM installed. The additional disk space is required for paging, hiber-

nation, and dump les. In practice, you are unlikely to come across a computer with 32 GB

of RAM and only 32 GB of disk space. If you do, free more disk space or invest in additional

storage hardware.

As part of Microsoft’s increased emphasis on virtualization and cloud computing in its

server products, it has signicantly increased the maximum hardware congurations for

Windows Server 2012. These maximums are listed in Table 1-3.

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