OpenGL-ES for Android深度探索：图形与性能优化

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"Pro-OpenGL-ES-for-Android"是一本专注于Android平台上的OpenGL ES技术的专业指南。这本书旨在帮助开发者深入理解计算机图形学的基础，并通过实践学习如何在移动设备上实现高质量的3D渲染、光照处理、纹理应用、混合效果以及性能优化。作者结合自己的经历，从早期的计算机图形发展历程讲起，带领读者一步步走进OpenGL ES的世界。书中的内容包括： 1. **第一章：计算机图形学的历史与基础** - 介绍了计算机图形学的发展历程，从早期的技术到现代的图形处理技术，为后续章节打下坚实的基础。 2. **第二章：数学基础** - 讲解了图形编程中的关键数学概念，如向量、矩阵、坐标系等，这些都是OpenGL ES中的核心元素。 3. **第三章：从2D到3D** - 介绍如何通过OpenGL ES扩展从二维空间进入三维世界，增加一个额外维度的重要性。 4. **第四章：光照处理** - 涵盖光照模型、材质和阴影技术，帮助读者创建更具真实感的场景。 5. **第五章：纹理** - 解析纹理映射和纹理过滤，如何通过纹理提升图像质量。 6. **第六章：混合与渲染** - 探讨纹理合并、混合模式以及渲染管线的实现，确保图形的无缝融合。 7. **第七章：综合应用与案例** - 提供了一些实际案例，展示如何将前面学到的知识结合起来，创造出更复杂的视觉效果。 8. **第八章：整合与项目实战** - 教导读者如何将所有知识点运用到实际项目中，构建完整的游戏或应用。 9. **第九章：性能优化** - 关注性能瓶颈，提供优化策略，确保应用程序在移动设备上的流畅运行。 10. **第十章：OpenGL ES 2.0、着色器和高级特性** - 深入探讨OpenGL ES 2.0的新特性，如顶点着色器、片段着色器和现代图形API，以及如何利用它们进行高级图形处理。该书不仅适合对OpenGL ES有基本了解的开发者，也适合那些希望在Android平台上开发高性能图形应用的程序员。书中涵盖了理论和实践，对于提升移动应用的视觉表现力具有重要的指导意义。

CHAPTER 1: Computer Graphics: From Then to Now

A Spotty History of Computer Graphics

To say that 3D is all the rage today is at best an understatement. Although forms of “3D” imagery go

back to more than a century ago, it seems that it has finally come of age. First let’s look at what 3D is

and what it is not.

3D in Hollywood

In 1982 Disney released Tron, the first movie to widely use computer graphics depicting life inside a

video game. Although the movie was a critical and financial flop, it would eventually join the ranks of

cult favorites right up there with The Rocky Horror Picture Show. Hollywood had taken the bite out of

the apple, and there was no turning back.

Stretching back to the 1800s, what we call “3D” today was more commonly referred to as stereo

vision. Popular Victorian-era stereopticons would be found in many parlors of the day. Consider this

technology an early Viewmaster. The user would hold the stereopticon up to their face with a stereo

photograph slipped into the far end and see a view of some distant land, but in stereo rather than a flat

2D picture. Each eye would see only one half of the card, which carried two nearly identical photos

taken only a couple of inches apart.

Stereovision is what gives us the notion of a depth component to our field of view. Our two eyes

deliver two slightly different images to the brain that then interprets them in a way that we understand

as depth perception. A single image will not have that effect. Eventually this moved to movies, with a

brief and unsuccessful dalliance as far back as 1903 (the short L’arrivée du Train is said to have had

viewers running from the theater to avoid the train that was clearly heading their way) and a

resurgence in the early 1950s, with Bwana Devil being perhaps the best known.

The original form of 3D movies generally used the “anaglyph” technique that required the viewers to

wear cheap plastic glasses with a red filter over one eye and a blue one over the other. Polarizing

systems were incorporated in the early 1950s and permitted color movies to be seen in stereo, and

they are still very much the same as today. Afraid that television would kill off the movie industry,

Hollywood needed some gimmick that was impossible on television in order to keep selling tickets, but

because both the cameras and the projectors required were much too impractical and costly, the form

fell out of favor, and the movie industry struggled along just fine.

With the advent of digital projection systems in the 1990s and fully rendered films such as Toy Story,

stereo movies and eventually television finally became both practical and affordable enough to move it

beyond the gimmick stage. In particular, full-length 3D animated features (Toy Story being the first)

made it a no-brainer to convert to stereo. All one needed to do was simply rerender the entire film but

from a slightly different viewpoint. This is where stereo and 3D computer graphics merge.

CHAPTER 1: Computer Graphics: From Then to Now

University of Utah

Recruited by the University of Utah in 1968 to work in its computer science program, Sutherland

naturally concentrated on graphics. Over the course of the next few years, many computer graphics

visionaries in training would pass through the university’s labs.

Ed Catmull, for example, loved classic animation but was frustrated by his inability to draw—a

requirement for artists back in those days as it would appear. Sensing that computers might be a

pathway to making movies, Catmull produced the first-ever computer animation, which was of his

hand opening and closing. This clip would find its way into the 1976 film Future World.

During that time he would pioneer two major computer graphics innovations: texture mapping and

bicubic surfaces. The former could be used to add complexity to simple forms by using images of

texture instead of having to create texture and roughness using discrete points and surfaces, as

shown in Figure 1–5. The latter is used to generate algorithmically curved surfaces that are much

more efficient than the traditional polygon meshes.

Figure 1–5.

Saturn with and without texture

Catmull would eventually find his way to Lucasfilm and, later, Pixar and eventually serve as president

of Disney Animation Studios where he could finally make the movies he wanted to see. Not a bad gig.

Many others of the top names in the industry would likewise pass through the gates of University of

Utah and the influence of Sutherland:

 John Warnock, who would be instrumental in developing a device-independent

means of displaying and printing graphics called PostScript and the Portable

Document Format (PDF) and would be cofounder of Adobe.

 Jim Clark, founder of Silicon Graphics that would supply Hollywood with some of

the best graphics workstations of the day and create the 3D framework now

known as OpenGL. After SGI he cofounded Netscape Communications, which

would lead us into the land of the World Wide Web.

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OpenGL-ES for Android深度探索：图形与性能优化

OpenGL ES for Android开发指南

精通Android的OpenGL ES编程

深入学习Android OpenGL ES编程

pro-opengl-es-for-android:Mike Smithwick和Mayank Verma的“适用于Android的Pro OpenGL ES”的源代码-android source code

Pro OpenGL ES for Android

Pro OpenGL ES For Android

Pro Opengl Es for Android 代码

Apress.Pro OpenGL ES for Android.2012

Apress.Pro.OpenGL.ES.for.Android.2012

( Pro OpenGL ES for Android Part2.zip )

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