HTML5与JavaScript高级游戏开发指南

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"advanced game design with html5 and javascript" 本书《高级游戏设计：HTML5与JavaScript》是一本针对使用HTML5和JavaScript进行游戏开发的详细指南。它旨在帮助读者掌握创建2D动作游戏所需的全部技能，通过从零开始构建自己的开发工具，并利用开源技术来实现。书中内容深入浅出，适合初学者和有一定基础的开发者。作者通过实例和逐步指导，向读者介绍了一系列关键概念和技术，包括： 1. **Chapter 1: Level Up!** 这一章可能是关于游戏设计的基础知识和准备工作，可能涵盖了游戏设计的基本原理，以及HTML5和JavaScript在游戏开发中的角色。 2. **Chapter 2: The Canvas Drawing API** 这一章详细讲解了HTML5 Canvas API的绘图功能，包括如何绘制图形、处理颜色、坐标系统以及动画基础。 3. **Chapter 3: Working with Game Assets** 游戏资产的管理和使用是游戏开发的重要部分，这一章可能涵盖了图像、音频和其他资源的处理和优化。 4. **Chapter 4: Making Sprites and a Scene Graph** 讲解了精灵（Sprites）的创建和场景图（Scene Graph）的概念，这是2D游戏中的核心元素，用于组织和管理游戏对象。 5. **Chapter 5: Making Things Move** 在游戏中，移动物体是必不可少的，这一章会介绍如何使用JavaScript实现物体的移动、速度控制和物理模拟。 6. **Chapter 6: Interactivity** 游戏的核心是玩家的互动，这一章将讨论事件监听、用户输入处理以及与游戏环境的交互。 7. **Chapter 7: Collision Detection** 游戏中的碰撞检测是确保游戏逻辑正确性的关键，这一章会教授如何实现有效的碰撞检测算法。 8. **Chapter 8: Juice It Up** “Juice”指的是游戏的视觉和听觉反馈，让游戏更有趣，这一章可能会探讨如何增强游戏体验，如特效和动画。 9. **Chapter 9: Sound with the Web Audio API** 使用Web Audio API添加音效和音乐，这一章会介绍如何实现音频播放和处理。 10. **Chapter 10: Tweening** 动画平滑过渡的技术，即“缓动”（Tweening），在游戏动画中广泛使用，这一章会教授如何实现平滑的动画效果。 11. **Chapter 11: Make Your Own Game Engine** 最后，作者引导读者构建自己的游戏引擎，涵盖模块化、性能优化和可扩展性设计。 12. **Appendix A: Vectors for Movement and Collision Detection** 附录中提供了有关向量的深入知识，这对于处理游戏中的运动和碰撞检测至关重要。此外，书中有作者简介、技术审阅者介绍、致谢、引言以及详细的索引，便于读者查阅和学习。通过这本书，读者不仅可以学习到游戏开发的实际技能，还能了解如何运用HTML5和JavaScript实现高效、互动的游戏体验。

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CHAPTER 1 ■ LEVEL UP!

Note ■ Object.keys will return only what’s known as an object’s enumerable properties. An enumerable

property is just any ordinary property that you can see in an object. And those are usually the only ones you care

about. But an object can also have hidden properties, which are called nonenumerable. Object.keys won’t

display them, and if you need to know how to make a property nonenumerable, you’ll learn how later in

this chapter. If you need to view nonenumerable properties, use Object.getOwnPropertyNames instead

of Object.keys

Here’s a practical example of how to use object keys. Imagine that you’re making an adventure game,

using room objects. Your room objects maintain the state of a room in the game, as well as what the room

contains:

let room = {

door: "open",

light: "on",

contents: ["carpet", "mouse", "katana"]

};

You can see that the room has three properties. You can view these properties as an array of strings with

this syntax:

console.log(Object.keys(room));

Here’s what this displays:

["door", "light", "contents"]

That’s interesting, but not useful—yet. Object.keys becomes really useful when you combine it with

forEach:

Object.keys(room).forEach(key => {

let value = room[key];

console.log("key: " + key + ", value: " + value);

});

That code will display the following:

key: door, value: open

key: light, value: on

key: contents, value: carpet,mouse,katana

You can access the property name by key and the property value with value. It will now be really easy to

apply any game logic that you need to the room, its state, or its contents.

CHAPTER 1 ■ LEVEL UP!

Note ■ Remember, if you ever need to check whether an object contains a property, use hasOwnProperty(),

like this:

if(room.hasOwnProperty("light")) { ... }

If you prefer, you can use a for of loop to do the same thing:

let roomProperties = Object.keys(room);

for (let key of roomProperties) {

let value = room[key];

console.log("key: " + key + ", value: " + value);

}

The output is exactly the same as the first example.

But there’s another way to do this! We can use a good old-fashioned for in loop, which has been part of

JavaScript since version 1. Here’s how to use it to produce the same output as the previous examples:

for(let key in room) {

let value = room[key];

console.log("key: " + key + ", value: " + value);

}

There are two important things to be aware of if you use a for in loop. First, it doesn’t loop through

the object’s keys in any specific order. So if the order is important to you, be aware that you can’t rely on it.

Second, it will loop through keys that belong both to the object and to its prototype (see “Making Objects”

later in this chapter for more about object prototypes.) If you need to guarantee that only the object’s

own properties are being accessed, you must test for that with the object’s hasOwnProperty method in an

additional if statement.

for(let key in room) {

if (room.hasOwnProperty(key) {

let value = room[key];

console.log("key: " + key + ", value: " + value);

}

Neither of these features might be a problem, depending on the object you’re loop through and what

you want to achieve. But if you want to play it safe, the combination of Object.keys and forEach is a little

more reliable.

Looping through Only Some Array Elements

You might only want to loop through an array until you find one element that you’re looking for. When

you’ve found it, the loop should stop checking further. You can do this with a method called some. The some

method will check all the elements in the array until the callback function returns true. As soon as true is

returned, it quits.

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