Unity 3D与PlayMaker入门：从概念到出版的游戏开发指南

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"《Unity 3D与PlayMaker游戏开发基础：从概念到发布》是一本专为初学者设计的游戏开发指南，作者Jere Miles旨在通过理论和实践相结合的方式，帮助读者掌握视频游戏设计与实现的关键要素。本书分为三个主要部分： 1. 背景： - 第1章介绍：引导读者进入游戏开发的世界，概述游戏设计的重要性。 - 第2章设计文档：教导如何创建一个完整的游戏设计文档，包括角色、故事线和核心机制等元素。 - 第3章使用Unity 3D和PlayMaker：解释这两个核心工具的作用，让读者了解它们在实际项目中的应用。 2. 构建模块： - 第4章人物设计：深入探讨游戏角色的设计，包括动画、行为和互动。 - 第5章非玩家角色（NPC）：讲解NPC的设计和编程，使其具备智能化的行为。 - 第6章故事构造：讲述如何构建引人入胜的剧情，包括剧本撰写和叙事结构。 - 第7章环境设计：介绍游戏世界的设计，包括地形、场景布局和视觉效果。 - 第8章游戏机制：探讨核心游戏玩法的设计，如物理引擎、控制方案和关卡设计。 3. 整合与完成： - 第9章音频设计：涉及音效和音乐对游戏氛围的影响，以及如何集成。 - 第10章用户界面（UI）设计：确保游戏的用户体验，包括菜单、提示和交互设计。 - 第11章测试、调整与发布：最后阶段的指导，包括性能优化、调试和将游戏推向市场。书中还包含丰富的下载资源，如讨论项目示例、配套视频教程等，以便读者边学边实践。此外，书中强调了理论与实践的结合，通过实际操作帮助读者逐步完善自己的设计文档，理解和掌握核心设计原则和实用技能。《Unity 3D与PlayMaker游戏开发基础》适合想要踏入游戏开发领域的初学者，它不仅提供理论框架，还提供了一个循序渐进的学习路径，让你在游戏中学习，最终实现从概念到成品的完整开发过程。"

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Preface

As we begin the process of looking into how to use Unity and PlayMaker to

create video games, we need to ensure that we are all on the same page,

pardon the pun. It is important that you know what this book is about and

what this book isn’t about. It is also important to be aware of the expected

skills and skill levels as we begin this book together.

What This Book Is About

The focus of this book is to introduce you to game development. Through

this book you will get an overview of how to create video games. The process

of creating a video game includes developing scripts and programmed

behavior for the objects that are within the game to be played. As far as

the development of programmed behaviors, we will be able to ease the

transition into this process through the use of the PlayMaker visual scripting

plugin, which will allow us to bypass all the syntax and technical aspects

of programming and instead focus solely on the logical construction of a

program or behavior script. When it comes to developing a game, it is created

through the programming of the game, and the other parts (the graphics,

for instance) dene what the game looks like, not how it is played or how it

behaves. As an example we could create a platform game with nothing but

colored blocks running around the game world jumping over empty areas.

The game would have all of the behaviors and playability of a platformer;

however, it would not look nearly as cool as the platformer games that are

currently on the market. The wonderfully cool graphics and animations of

video games are not what we will be creating in this book.

Who This Book Is For

The concept for this book originated as a textbook for an introduction to a

game development course (SGD 111) taught at Wilkes Community College in

North Carolina. As a result, the target audience for this book is anyone who

is interested in learning about game development and how to create games.

It is assumed that the reader does not actually already know how to create

video games. For instance, if you have extensive experience using another

game engine such as Game Maker, you may be ready for a slightly more

advanced book than this one. However, if you have not worked with any

other game engine or if you have tried working with a couple but just could

not seem to get the hang of it, then this book should be a good starting

pointto get you up and going with the Unity game engine.

Likewise, if you have extensive experience writing code in Java or C++ or

some other language, you may be better suited to nd a book that works

with the C# scripting language within Unity. This being said, PlayMaker

can be a very powerful tool for quickly prototyping an idea to see how

things work, in which case it can be useful to add PlayMaker to your skill

set. However, if you do have extensive programming experience, then you

may nd the pace of this book a little slow as the target audience is for

those who have no experience with programming or those who have tried

programming but are a little fuzzy on it.

If you are an artist that would like to learn how to put your artwork into

Unity and get it to work with some game ideas of your own, then this book

should be very helpful in getting you started with the game engine and

also accomplishing the behaviors that you want associated with the art

content sothat you can demonstrate your own game concepts and even

fullydevelop them into nal products.

How This Book Is Organized

Each chapter of this book is laid out to focus on a specic topic with the

topics building on each other so that by the end of the book we will have

looked into all of the topics relevant to creating a game of our own. The

chapters each begin with a theory section, discussing the background and

various approaches to the given topic. Following the theory section, the

chapter will work on designing components for the game project based

upon the theories that were just presented. Finally, the chapter text will

conclude with an implementation section in which the created designs

will be built within Unity and PlayMaker to bring the theory of the topic to

life within our game project. Each chapter also ends with a set of review

questions that you can use to test your understanding of the concepts, and a

set of exercises that are intended to expand upon the examples presented in

the text of the chapter.

The idea of a design document will also be discussed during the course of

the book with each chapter adding to the design document for a game idea

of your own creation. By the end of the book, you should be able to take

your design document and create the game that you have designed. Within

each chapter, there are download boxes where you can get the version of the

game project that is within the book or other content to add to the project

as well as any video tutorials that have been developed to supplement the

chapter contents.

Book Content

Section I: Background

• Chapter 1—Introduction

• Theory: Students will be introduced to the overall process of game

development including a discussion of the tools used, the skills

needed, the various jobs within the industry, and the vocabulary of

xvi

game development. A brief overview of the various genres and their

characteristics is also provided.

• Chapter 2—Design Document

• Theory: The design document is introduced, placing emphasis on

the rationale behind each section and the role that each section

plays in the overall development process of a video game project.

While much of this content is covered in the chapters that follow, it is

important for the reader to recognize the role of design, as it forms

the foundation for the vision of a game project.

• Design: We will introduce the overall vision of the Sancho Panza

project, which we will be working on during the course of the book

while encouraging the reader to begin the design work on a game

idea of their own by focusing on the primary game concept with

respect to the targets and vision of the game.

• Implementation: Based on the information from the chapter, we will

begin the creation of our design document that will cover the Sancho

Panza project and continue to add to it with each chapter.

• Chapter 3—Using Unity and PlayMaker

• Theory: We will introduce the tools that the book will focus on,

detailing how to download and install the software and providing

overviews of the user interfaces for both applications. A discussion

of the resources that are available on both websites is also

included.

• Design: The discussion focuses on what a nite state machine (FSM) is

and how to construct one based upon the plain English description

of what is intended to occur. Creating state machines to accomplish

examples are presented in the practicalsection.

• Implementation: We will demonstrate how to place objects within

Unity and move them around and manipulate other primary

components. Import assets and packages are discussed. Readers will

learn how to develop state machines to alter the properties of various

game objects placed within a scene. Through these state machines we

will dynamically make the changes that were originally done as static

changes in the previous demonstration of moving and manipulating

objects within Unity.

Section II: Building Blocks

• Chapter 4—Characters

• Theory: We provide a background discussion of characters focusing

on the Jungian character types and their roles within a story and how

they interact with one another. The chapter also discusses the other

components of a character such as background, physical appearance,

emotional construction, psychological construction, environment,

and so on.

• Design: We will create algorithms (plain English) to dene the

controller behaviors that our character should have based upon

xvii

decisions we made as the character idea was developed through the

theory discussion. From the algorithms, we will demonstrate how to

sketch state machines for these functionalities.

• Implementation: We will introduce the lead character of our book’s

example project, Sancho Panza, and demonstrate how to bring him

into Unity, and through the use of PlayMaker turn him into a character

that the player can control and play. The PlayMaker FSMs developed

will be the implementation of those constructed during the design

phase.

• Chapter 5—Non-Player Characters

• Theory: Based upon the characters that were developed in the last

chapter, we will look at how we can bring those characters to life

within our game project and begin to populate the world around

Sancho Panza. We will explore articial intelligence (AI) by developing

our own denition of it and looking at the major types of AI that can

be developed and eventually deployed.

• Design: Based upon our work with the player character and the needs

of the project, we will design the behavior system that will govern the

decision-making process of a threshold guardian character during

the game so that they will be able to respond to events and actions

that occur as the player plays our game.

• Implementation: We will use PlayMaker to get our design working

with a spider added to the Sancho Panza project that will attack

and eventually kill the player character. This spider will have a

rudimentary AI system that will give it the abilities we need for this

project. These same basic principles will be applicable to any other

non-player character (NPC) within the game.

• Chapter 6—Story

• Theory: We will provide background information on the story, such

as the theme, plot and devices, backstory, premise, and so on. This

chapter includes a discussion of Aristotle’s ideas about stories. We will

also discuss the Hollywood 3-act structure and how it helps to guide

a story along. Joseph Campbell’s “Journey of a Hero” will also be

demonstrated as a potential blueprint for story creation.

• Design: This chapter covers the development of the backstory and

other story components for a game project. While much of this

design work may not make a direct appearance within the game,

we need to know the story of the game in order to know what will

happen during game play. We will also create potential quest systems

based upon the story and dialogue trees between the NPC and the

player character.

• Implementation: We will construct the basis for a quest system for

Sancho as well as an elementary dialogue between Sancho and his

wife Teresa. In addition, we will add a narrative introduction to the

game based upon the game’s backstory, explaining who the player is

and why they are on the island that they are on.

xviii

• Chapter 7—Environment

• Theory: We provide an overview of the level design including the

theme, atmosphere, and purpose. We focus on the level design as an

episodic structure, specically as a chapter of the overall story that

is being told within the game. By recognizing the level as a chapter

in the story, it becomes more apparent what purpose the level must

serve and therefore what we as developers must do to keep our

players on track within the story.

• Design: Based upon the game design document and an

understanding of the purpose of a level, we will sketch out a rst-

level environment for Sancho Panza to be dropped into. This level will

consist of the island that the story is going to take place on.

• Implementation: We demonstrate how to construct a level out of

standard assets within Unity as well as importing external assets. The

standard assets will be utilized to construct an exterior terrain for the

game world while the provided assets will build the town and other

props, all based upon our design work for this island.

• Chapter 8—Mechanics

• Theory: Mechanics are the underlying rules that govern the behaviors

of games; we discuss the guiding principles of these mechanics

within video games by placing them within dierent categories

to see how they impact the games that we play and ultimately the

games that we design.

• Design: Based upon the components and uses of game mechanics,

we will determine and plan various obstacles for Sancho to deal with

in the level that was constructed during the previous chapter. We will

demonstrate several dierent game mechanics within this design.

• Implementation: With a working Sancho Panza from previous

chapters, we will add things for Sancho to interact with (collecting

various objects, for instance) and tweak his controller system to

provide for the game mechanic functionality as depicted in the

design phase just completed based upon the original design

document.

Section III: Bringing It Together

• Chapter 9—Audio

• Theory: What role does audio play within a game? We introduce the

dierent types of audio that can be utilized and their specic purpose

within the overall game-play experience: music, ambience, eects,

and voice-overs.

• Design: We create an audio list that can be used within the project

that has been developed thus far. Along with this list, we will

sketch out locations of audio sources and potential areas of impact;

the purpose of this design component is to check for dead and

overpopulated areas within our overall audio scheme and plan “what

and where” before trying to add it.

xix

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