游戏引擎架构解析 - Jason Gregory

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"Game Engine Architecture by Jason Gregory" 《游戏引擎架构》是Jason Gregory撰写的一本经典著作，专注于探讨游戏开发中的核心技术，特别是针对三维游戏的开发。这本书对那些希望在游戏开发领域深造的人来说，是一份极具价值的参考资料。书中详细讲解了构建高效、灵活且功能强大的游戏引擎所涉及的各种技术和设计原则。该书涵盖了以下几个主要知识点： 1. **游戏引擎基础**：介绍游戏引擎的基本结构和组成部分，包括渲染引擎、物理模拟、人工智能（AI）、音频系统、输入处理和资源管理等。 2. **渲染技术**：深入讨论了现代游戏中的图形渲染技术，如DirectX和OpenGL，以及光照、阴影、纹理、着色器和渲染优化等方面。 3. **实时图形学**：涵盖了计算机图形学的基础，如几何变换、视锥体裁剪、光栅化和像素操作，这些都是游戏视觉效果的基础。 4. **物理引擎**：阐述了如何实现真实感的物理模拟，包括碰撞检测、刚体动力学和软体模拟等。 5. **内存管理与性能优化**：探讨如何有效地分配和管理游戏内存，以及如何通过数据结构和算法优化来提升游戏运行效率。 6. **多线程编程**：游戏引擎通常需要充分利用多核处理器，书中会解释如何进行多线程设计，以实现并发执行和任务调度。 7. **脚本系统与AI**：介绍如何构建脚本系统以支持游戏逻辑的动态改变，以及如何设计智能行为和路径规划算法。 8. **资源管理和加载**：讲解如何高效地加载和存储游戏资源，包括纹理、模型、音频文件等，以及动态加载技术以减少启动时间和内存占用。 9. **网络编程**：涵盖多人在线游戏的网络架构，包括同步机制、数据压缩和错误修复策略。 10. **游戏设计与架构模式**：讨论了适用于游戏开发的软件设计模式，如组件实体系统、服务定位器和事件驱动设计。 11. **跨平台开发**：介绍如何设计可移植的游戏引擎，适应不同的操作系统和硬件平台，如PC、移动设备和游戏主机。《游戏引擎架构》这本书不仅适合有经验的游戏开发者阅读，也是初学者理解游戏开发复杂性的理想入门读物。作者Jason Gregory凭借其在游戏行业的深厚背景，将理论知识与实践经验相结合，使得读者能够全面理解游戏引擎背后的科学与艺术。

xiv Foreword

The recent explosion of downloadable and casual games has added even

more complexity to the diverse world of commercial video games. Even so,

big games are still big business. The incredible computing power available

on today’s complicated platforms has made room for increased complexity in

the so ware. Naturally, all this advanced so ware has to be created by some-

one, and that has driven up the size of development teams—not to mention

development costs. As the industry matures, we’re always looking for be er,

more eﬃ cient ways to build our products, and development teams have be-

gun compensating for the increased complexity by taking advantage of things

like reusable so ware and middleware.

With so many diﬀ erent styles of game on such a wide array of platforms,

there cannot be any single ideal so ware solution. However, certain pa erns

have developed, and there is a vast menu of potential solutions out there. The

problem today is choosing the right solution to ﬁ t the needs of the particular

project. Going deeper, a development team must consider all the diﬀ erent as-

pects of a project and how they ﬁ t together. It is rare to ﬁ nd any one so ware

package that perfectly suits every aspect of a new game design.

Those of us who are now veterans of the industry found ourselves pio-

neering unknown territory. Few programmers of our generation have Com-

puter Science degrees (Ma ’s is in Aeronautical Engineering, and Jason’s is

in Systems Design Engineering), but these days many colleges are starting to

programs and degrees in video games. The students and developers of today

need a good place to turn to for solid game-development information. For

pure high-end graphics, there are a lot of sources of very good information

from research to practical jewels of knowledge. However, these sources are

o en not directly applicable to production game environments or suﬀ er from

not having actual production-quality implementations. For the rest of game

development, there are so-called beginner books that so gloss over the details

and act as if they invented everything without giving references that they are

just not useful or o en even accurate. Then there are high-end specialty books

for various niches like physics, collision, AI, etc. But these can be needlessly

obtuse or too high level to be understood by all, or the piecemeal approach just

doesn’t all ﬁ t together. Many are even so directly tied to a particular piece of

technology as to become rapidly dated as the hardware and so ware change.

Then there is the Internet, which is an excellent supplementary tool for

knowledge gathering. However, broken links, widely inaccurate data, and

variable-to-poor quality o en make it not useful at all unless you know ex-

actly what you are a er.

Enter Jason Gregory, himself an industry veteran with experience at

Naughty Dog—one of the most highly regarded video game studios in the

xviii Preface

play programming, including player mechanics, cameras, and AI. However,

by necessity, the scope of these discussions will be limited mainly to the ways

in which gameplay systems interface with the engine.

This book is intended to be used as a course text for a two- or three-course

college-level series in intermediate game programming. Of course, it can also

be used by amateur so ware engineers, hobbyists, self-taught game program-

mers, and existing members of the game industry alike. Junior engineers can

use this text to solidify their understanding of game mathematics, engine ar-

chitecture, and game technology. And some senior engineers who have de-

voted their careers to one particular specialty may beneﬁ t from the bigger

picture presented in these pages, as well.

To get the most out of this book, you should have a working knowledge

of basic object-oriented programming concepts and at least some experience

programming in C++. Although a host of new and exciting languages are be-

ginning to take hold within the game industry, industrial-strength 3D game

engines are still wri en primarily in C or C++, and any serious game pro-

grammer needs to know C++. We’ll review the basic tenets of object-oriented

programming in Chapter 3, and you will no doubt pick up a few new C++

tricks as you read this book, but a solid foundation in the C++ language is best

obtained from [39], [31], and [32]. If your C++ is a bit rusty, I recommend you

refer to these or similar books to refresh your knowledge as you read this text.

If you have no prior C++ experience, you may want to consider reading at least

the ﬁ rst few chapters of [39], or working through a few C++ tutorials online,

before diving into this book.

The best way to learn computer programming of any kind is to actually

write some code. As you read through this book, I strongly encourage you to

select a few topic areas that are of particular interest to you and come up with

some projects for yourself in those areas. For example, if you ﬁ nd character

animation interesting, you could start by installing Ogre3D and exploring its

skinned animation demo. Then you could try to implement some of the anima-

tion blending techniques described in this book, using Ogre. Next you might

decide to implement a simple joypad-controlled animated character that can

run around on a ﬂ at plane. Once you have something relatively simple work-

ing, expand upon it! Then move on to another area of game technology. Rinse

and repeat. It doesn’t particularly ma er what the projects are, as long as

you’re practicing the art of game programming, not just reading about it.

Game technology is a living, breathing thing that can never be entirely

captured within the pages of a book. As such, additional resources, errata,

updates, sample code, and project ideas will be posted from time to time on

this book’s website at h p://gameenginebook.com.

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