Oracle Spatial 11g Release 2 Developer指南-空间数据与应用开发

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"Oracle Spatial Developer's Guide 11g Release 2 (11.2)-924" Oracle Spatial Developer's Guide 11g Release 2 是一份详细的技术文档，旨在帮助开发者和数据库管理员充分利用Oracle Spatial and Graph以及Oracle Locator的功能来处理和开发与空间数据相关的应用程序。这份指南涵盖了11.2版本中的最新特性和功能。 Oracle Spatial是Oracle数据库的一个组件，它提供了对地理空间数据的强大支持，包括存储、索引、查询和分析空间对象。这个组件使得在数据库中管理和操作地理信息变得更加高效和便捷。Oracle Locator则是Oracle Spatial的一个简化版本，它为那些不需要高级空间分析功能但仍然需要处理地理位置数据的应用提供了一个经济实惠的选择。本指南的主要作者是Chuck Murray，同时有多位贡献者共同参与编写，包括Dan Abugov、Nicole Alexander等。出版时间为2013年11月，反映了当时最新的技术发展。在Oracle Spatial Developer's Guide中，读者可以了解到如何： 1. **创建和管理空间索引**：学习如何使用不同的空间索引类型，如R-tree和quadtree，以优化空间查询性能。 2. **存储空间数据**：理解如何在Oracle数据库中有效地存储地理坐标、几何对象和拓扑数据。 3. **空间数据查询**：掌握SQL扩展，如MDSYS.SDO_GEOMETRY对象和空间关系操作符，用于执行复杂的空间查询和分析。 4. **地理编码和反地理编码**：了解如何将地址转换为经纬度坐标（地理编码）以及反之（反地理编码）。 5. **空间分析和操作**：学习距离计算、缓冲区生成、网络分析等空间运算方法。 6. **图形和网络数据模型**：探索如何使用Oracle Spatial and Graph处理图形和网络数据，支持地理网络分析。 7. **应用开发**：获取构建基于Oracle Spatial的Web和移动应用的指导，包括API使用和最佳实践。 8. **性能优化**：学习如何调整数据库配置和索引来提高空间操作的性能。此外，文档还强调了版权和许可信息，指出软件及其文档受知识产权法律保护，并且使用和分发必须遵循特定的许可证协议条款。 Oracle Spatial Developer's Guide 11g Release 2 是一个宝贵的资源，对于任何希望在Oracle环境中处理、分析和展示空间数据的开发者或数据库管理员来说，都是不可或缺的参考材料。通过深入理解和实践，开发者可以构建出高效的空间信息系统，满足各种业务需求。

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SDO_LRS.SET_PT_MEASURE ............................................................................................ 25-75

SDO_LRS.SPLIT_GEOM_SEGMENT................................................................................. 25-77

SDO_LRS.TRANSLATE_MEASURE .................................................................................. 25-79

SDO_LRS.VALID_GEOM_SEGMENT............................................................................... 25-81

SDO_LRS.VALID_LRS_PT................................................................................................... 25-82

SDO_LRS.VALID_MEASURE ............................................................................................. 25-83

SDO_LRS.VALIDATE_LRS_GEOMETRY ......................................................................... 25-85

26 SDO_MIGRATE Package (Upgrading)

SDO_MIGRATE.TO_CURRENT ........................................................................................... 26-2

27 SDO_OLS Package (OpenLS)

SDO_OLS.MakeOpenLSClobRequest................................................................................... 27-2

SDO_OLS.MakeOpenLSRequest........................................................................................... 27-4

28 SDO_PC_PKG Package (Point Clouds)

SDO_PC_PKG.CLIP_PC ......................................................................................................... 28-2

SDO_PC_PKG.CREATE_PC .................................................................................................. 28-4

SDO_PC_PKG.DROP_DEPENDENCIES............................................................................. 28-6

SDO_PC_PKG.GET_PT_IDS .................................................................................................. 28-7

SDO_PC_PKG.INIT................................................................................................................. 28-8

SDO_PC_PKG.TO_GEOMETRY ......................................................................................... 28-11

29 SDO_SAM Package (Spatial Analysis and Mining)

SDO_SAM.AGGREGATES_FOR_GEOMETRY.................................................................. 29-3

SDO_SAM.AGGREGATES_FOR_LAYER ........................................................................... 29-5

SDO_SAM.BIN_GEOMETRY ................................................................................................ 29-7

SDO_SAM.BIN_LAYER.......................................................................................................... 29-9

SDO_SAM.COLOCATED_REFERENCE_FEATURES..................................................... 29-11

SDO_SAM.SIMPLIFY_GEOMETRY ................................................................................... 29-13

SDO_SAM.SIMPLIFY_LAYER ............................................................................................ 29-15

SDO_SAM.SPATIAL_CLUSTERS....................................................................................... 29-17

SDO_SAM.TILED_AGGREGATES..................................................................................... 29-18

SDO_SAM.TILED_BINS ....................................................................................................... 29-21

30 SDO_TIN_PKG Package (TINs)

SDO_TIN_PKG.CLIP_TIN ..................................................................................................... 30-2

SDO_TIN_PKG.CREATE_TIN............................................................................................... 30-4

SDO_TIN_PKG.DROP_DEPENDENCIES........................................................................... 30-6

SDO_TIN_PKG.INIT ............................................................................................................... 30-7

SDO_TIN_PKG.TO_GEOMETRY ....................................................................................... 30-10

xvii

31 SDO_TUNE Package (Tuning)

SDO_TUNE.AVERAGE_MBR ............................................................................................... 31-2

SDO_TUNE.ESTIMATE_RTREE_INDEX_SIZE.................................................................. 31-4

SDO_TUNE.EXTENT_OF....................................................................................................... 31-7

SDO_TUNE.MIX_INFO.......................................................................................................... 31-8

SDO_TUNE.QUALITY_DEGRADATION......................................................................... 31-10

32 SDO_UTIL Package (Utility)

SDO_UTIL.AFFINETRANSFORMS...................................................................................... 32-4

SDO_UTIL.APPEND............................................................................................................. 32-10

SDO_UTIL.BEARING_TILT_FOR_POINTS...................................................................... 32-12

SDO_UTIL.CIRCLE_POLYGON......................................................................................... 32-14

SDO_UTIL.CONCAT_LINES .............................................................................................. 32-16

SDO_UTIL.CONVERT_UNIT.............................................................................................. 32-18

SDO_UTIL.DROP_WORK_TABLES................................................................................... 32-19

SDO_UTIL.ELLIPSE_POLYGON........................................................................................ 32-20

SDO_UTIL.EXTRACT ........................................................................................................... 32-22

SDO_UTIL.EXTRACT_ALL ................................................................................................. 32-25

SDO_UTIL.EXTRACT3D...................................................................................................... 32-29

SDO_UTIL.EXTRUDE........................................................................................................... 32-31

SDO_UTIL.FROM_GML311GEOMETRY.......................................................................... 32-34

SDO_UTIL.FROM_GMLGEOMETRY................................................................................ 32-36

SDO_UTIL.FROM_KMLGEOMETRY ................................................................................ 32-38

SDO_UTIL.FROM_WKBGEOMETRY................................................................................ 32-40

SDO_UTIL.FROM_WKTGEOMETRY................................................................................ 32-42

SDO_UTIL.GETNUMELEM ................................................................................................ 32-44

SDO_UTIL.GETNUMVERTICES ........................................................................................ 32-45

SDO_UTIL.GETVERTICES................................................................................................... 32-46

SDO_UTIL.INITIALIZE_INDEXES_FOR_TTS ................................................................. 32-48

SDO_UTIL.INTERIOR_POINT............................................................................................ 32-50

SDO_UTIL.POINT_AT_BEARING ..................................................................................... 32-51

SDO_UTIL.POLYGONTOLINE .......................................................................................... 32-53

SDO_UTIL.PREPARE_FOR_TTS......................................................................................... 32-54

SDO_UTIL.RECTIFY_GEOMETRY .................................................................................... 32-55

SDO_UTIL.REMOVE_DUPLICATE_VERTICES.............................................................. 32-57

SDO_UTIL.REVERSE_LINESTRING.................................................................................. 32-59

SDO_UTIL.SIMPLIFY ........................................................................................................... 32-60

SDO_UTIL.TO_GML311GEOMETRY ................................................................................ 32-63

SDO_UTIL.TO_GMLGEOMETRY ...................................................................................... 32-68

SDO_UTIL.TO_KMLGEOMETRY ...................................................................................... 32-74

SDO_UTIL.TO_WKBGEOMETRY ...................................................................................... 32-76

xviii

SDO_UTIL.TO_WKTGEOMETRY ...................................................................................... 32-78

SDO_UTIL.VALIDATE_WKBGEOMETRY....................................................................... 32-80

SDO_UTIL.VALIDATE_WKTGEOMETRY....................................................................... 32-82

33 SDO_WFS_LOCK Package (WFS)

SDO_WFS_LOCK.EnableDBTxns ......................................................................................... 33-2

SDO_WFS_LOCK.RegisterFeatureTable.............................................................................. 33-3

SDO_WFS_LOCK.UnRegisterFeatureTable ........................................................................ 33-4

34 SDO_WFS_PROCESS Package (WFS Processing)

SDO_WFS_PROCESS.DropFeatureType ............................................................................. 34-3

SDO_WFS_PROCESS.DropFeatureTypes............................................................................ 34-4

SDO_WFS_PROCESS.GenCollectionProcs.......................................................................... 34-5

SDO_WFS_PROCESS.GetFeatureTypeId............................................................................. 34-6

SDO_WFS_PROCESS.GrantFeatureTypeToUser................................................................ 34-7

SDO_WFS_PROCESS.GrantMDAccessToUser................................................................... 34-8

SDO_WFS_PROCESS.InsertCapabilitiesInfo....................................................................... 34-9

SDO_WFS_PROCESS.InsertFtDataUpdated ..................................................................... 34-10

SDO_WFS_PROCESS.InsertFtMDUpdated....................................................................... 34-11

SDO_WFS_PROCESS.PopulateFeatureTypeXMLInfo..................................................... 34-12

SDO_WFS_PROCESS.PublishFeatureType ....................................................................... 34-13

SDO_WFS_PROCESS.RegisterMTableView...................................................................... 34-18

SDO_WFS_PROCESS.RevokeFeatureTypeFromUser...................................................... 34-21

SDO_WFS_PROCESS.RevokeMDAccessFromUser ......................................................... 34-22

SDO_WFS_PROCESS.UnRegisterMTableView ................................................................ 34-23

Part IV Supplementary Information

A Installation, Migration, Compatibility, and Upgrade

A.1 Migrating Spatial Data from One Database to Another....................................................... A-1

A.2 Ensuring That GeoRaster Works Properly After an Installation or Upgrade................... A-1

A.3 Index Maintenance Before and After an Upgrade (WFS and CSW) .................................. A-2

A.4 Increasing the Size of Ordinate Arrays to Support Very Large Geometries..................... A-3

B Oracle Locator

B.1 Installing and Deinstalling Locator or Spatial Manually..................................................... B-4

C Complex Spatial Queries: Examples

C.1 Tables Used in the Examples.................................................................................................... C-1

C.2 SDO_WITHIN_DISTANCE Examples ................................................................................... C-2

C.3 SDO_NN Examples ................................................................................................................... C-3

C.4 SDO_AGGR_UNION Example ............................................................................................... C-5

List of Examples

1–1 Inserting Texture Coordinate Definitions ............................................................................ 1-22

1–2 Creating Tables for Texture Coordinates, Textures, and Surfaces ................................... 1-23

1–3 Spatially Enabling a Table ...................................................................................................... 1-27

2–1 Simple Example: Inserting, Indexing, and Querying Spatial Data...................................... 2-2

2–2 SDO_GEOMETRY Methods................................................................................................... 2-12

2–3 SDO_GEOMETRY Constructors to Create Geometries ..................................................... 2-14

2–4 SDO_TIN Attribute in a Query.............................................................................................. 2-18

2–5 SDO_PC Attribute in a Query................................................................................................ 2-20

2–6 SQL Statement to Insert a Rectangle..................................................................................... 2-21

2–7 SQL Statement to Insert a Polygon with a Hole.................................................................. 2-22

2–8 SQL Statement to Insert a Compound Line String.............................................................. 2-24

2–9 SQL Statement to Insert a Compound Polygon .................................................................. 2-25

2–10 SQL Statement to Insert a Point-Only Geometry ................................................................ 2-26

2–11 Query for Point-Only Geometry Based on a Coordinate Value ....................................... 2-26

2–12 SQL Statement to Insert an Oriented Point Geometry....................................................... 2-28

2–13 SQL Statement to Insert an Oriented Multipoint Geometry ............................................. 2-29

2–14 SQL Statement to Insert a Geometry with a Type 0 Element............................................ 2-30

2–15 SQL Statements to Insert Various Two-Dimensional Geometries.................................... 2-31

2–16 SQL Statements to Insert Three-Dimensional Geometries ................................................ 2-35

2–17 Updating Metadata and Creating Indexes for 3-Dimensional Geometries..................... 2-43

2–18 Creating and Using a User-Defined Unit of Measurement ............................................... 2-51

3–1 Using the ST_GEOMETRY Type for a Spatial Column......................................................... 3-2

3–2 Creating, Indexing, Storing, and Querying ST_GEOMETRY Data..................................... 3-2

3–3 Using the ST_ANNOTATION_TEXT Constructor................................................................ 3-9

4–1 Control File for a Bulk Load of Cola Market Geometries ..................................................... 4-1

4–2 Control File for a Bulk Load of Polygons................................................................................ 4-2

4–3 Control File for a Bulk Load of Point-Only Data.................................................................... 4-3

4–4 Procedure to Perform a Transactional Insert Operation....................................................... 4-4

4–5 PL/SQL Block Invoking a Procedure to Insert a Geometry ................................................. 4-4

5–1 SDO_NN Query with Partitioned Spatial Index.................................................................... 5-4

5–2 Primary Filter with a Temporary Query Window................................................................. 5-9

5–3 Primary Filter with a Transient Instance of the Query Window ......................................... 5-9

5–4 Primary Filter with a Stored Query Window ......................................................................... 5-9

5–5 Secondary Filter Using a Temporary Query Window ....................................................... 5-10

5–6 Secondary Filter Using a Stored Query Window................................................................ 5-10

6–1 Using a Geodetic MBR ............................................................................................................... 6-5

6–2 Three-Dimensional Datum Transformation ........................................................................ 6-11

6–3 Transformation Between Geoidal And Ellipsoidal Height................................................ 6-13

6–4 Cross-Dimensionality Transformation ................................................................................. 6-16

6–5 Creating a User-Defined Geodetic Coordinate Reference System ................................... 6-52

6–6 Inserting a Row into the SDO_COORD_SYS Table............................................................ 6-53

6–7 Creating a User-Defined Projected Coordinate Reference System................................... 6-54

6–8 Inserting a Row into the SDO_COORD_OPS Table ........................................................... 6-55

6–9 Inserting a Row into the SDO_COORD_OP_PARAM_VALS Table................................ 6-55

6–10 Creating a User-Defined Projected CRS: Extended Example............................................ 6-57

6–11 Creating a Vertical Coordinate Reference System .............................................................. 6-62

6–12 Creating a Compound Coordinate Reference System........................................................ 6-63

6–13 Creating a Geographic 3D Coordinate Reference System ................................................. 6-64

6–14 Creating a Transformation Operation .................................................................................. 6-65

6–15 Loading Offset Matrixes ......................................................................................................... 6-66

6–16 Using British Grid Transformation OSTN02/OSGM02 (EPSG Method 9633) ............... 6-68

6–17 Simplified Example of Coordinate System Transformation.............................................. 6-72

6–18 Output of SELECT Statements in Coordinate System Transformation Example .......... 6-75

7–1 Including LRS Measure Dimension in Spatial Metadata...................................................... 7-6

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