"机床改进：数控化方案与单片机系统设计"

The improvement and upgrading of CNC machine tools have always played a crucial role in enhancing their applicability, precision, and productivity. In the case of the conventional C620 lathe, its limitations necessitate a CNC retrofit solution and microcontroller system design to improve machining precision, broaden machine tool utility, and increase productivity. This paper elaborates on the design process of converting a conventional lathe into a CNC machine, providing detailed insights into the mechanical retrofit and CNC system design of the C620 lathe. The control system, with an 8031 CPU at its core, processes signals, outputs step pulses through an I/O interface, drives the rolling screw to rotate after primary gear reduction, and accomplishes longitudinal and transverse feed movements. The retrofit process includes mechanical modifications such as redesigning longitudinal and transverse feed directions, calculating and selecting ball screw nut pairs and reactive stepper motors, and devising assembly layout schemes for longitudinal and transverse mechanisms. The electrical control design involves selecting MCS-51 series microcontrollers and expansion chips, as well as drafting electrical control diagrams. Keywords: CNC, microcontroller, stepper motor, ball screw, CNC retrofit.