Oracle 11g 数据库开发指南：PHP 开发者指南

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Oracle Database 2 Day + PHP Developer's Guide 11g Oracle Database 2 Day + PHP Developer's Guide 11g 是 Oracle 官方提供的一份开发指南，旨在帮助 PHP 开发者快速了解 Oracle Database 11g 的使用方法和开发技巧。本指南涵盖了 Oracle Database 11g 的基本概念、安装、配置、安全、性能优化、数据管理、备份和恢复等多个方面的知识点。 **Oracle Database 11g 概述** Oracle Database 11g 是 Oracle 公司最新的一款关系型数据库管理系统，提供了高性能、安全、可扩展性和可靠性的数据库解决方案。它支持多种编程语言，包括 PHP、Java、Python、C++ 等。 **安装和配置** 在开始使用 Oracle Database 11g 之前，需要首先安装和配置数据库服务器。安装过程包括下载和安装 Oracle Database 11g 软件、创建数据库、配置网络连接等步骤。配置过程包括设置数据库参数、创建用户和权限、配置存储空间等。 **安全** Oracle Database 11g 提供了多种安全机制来保护数据安全，包括身份验证、授权、加密、访问控制等。身份验证是指通过用户名和密码来验证用户身份的过程，而授权是指根据用户身份授予相应的权限。加密是指使用加密算法来保护数据的安全，而访问控制是指根据用户权限来控制对数据的访问。 **性能优化** Oracle Database 11g 提供了多种性能优化技术，包括索引、缓存、并行处理、数据压缩等。索引是指根据数据的特征创建的快速访问数据的数据结构，而缓存是指将频繁访问的数据存储在高速存储器中以提高访问速度。并行处理是指将复杂的计算任务分解成多个小任务并行处理，以提高计算速度。数据压缩是指将数据压缩到较小的存储空间以提高存储效率。 **数据管理** Oracle Database 11g 提供了多种数据管理工具，包括数据导入、数据导出、数据备份、数据恢复等。数据导入是指将外部数据导入到 Oracle Database 11g 中，而数据导出是指将 Oracle Database 11g 中的数据导出到外部。数据备份是指将数据备份到外部存储器中，以便在数据丢失时进行恢复，而数据恢复是指将备份的数据恢复到 Oracle Database 11g 中。 **备份和恢复** Oracle Database 11g 提供了多种备份和恢复工具，包括数据文件备份、日志文件备份、控制文件备份等。数据文件备份是指将数据文件备份到外部存储器中，而日志文件备份是指将日志文件备份到外部存储器中。控制文件备份是指将控制文件备份到外部存储器中，以便在数据库崩溃时进行恢复。 **PHP 开发** Oracle Database 11g 提供了多种 PHP 扩展库，包括 oci8、pdo_oci 等。oci8 是 Oracle 官方提供的一款 PHP 扩展库，提供了对 Oracle Database 11g 的支持。pdo_oci 是 PHP 官方提供的一款 PHP 扩展库，提供了对 Oracle Database 11g 的支持。 **结语** Oracle Database 2 Day + PHP Developer's Guide 11g 是一份非常有价值的开发指南，对于 PHP 开发者来说非常有帮助。本指南涵盖了 Oracle Database 11g 的多个方面的知识点，对于 PHP 开发者来说非常实用。

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Installing PHP

2-6 Oracle Database 2 Day + PHP Developer's Guide

# of a username on the system (depending on home directory

# permissions).

#UserDir disable

# To enable requests to /~user/ to serve the user's public_html

# directory, remove the "UserDir disable" line above, and uncomment

# the following line instead:

UserDir public_html

</IfModule>

This enables the Web browser to make an HTTP request using a registered user on

the system and to serve files from the $HOME/public_html directory of the user.

For example:

http://localhost/~user/

3. To use the new Apache configuration file, in a command window, restart Apache

by entering the following commands:

su -

Password: <enter your su (root) password>

apachectl restart

If the Apache HTTP Server does not start, check the error log files to determine the

cause. It may be a configuration error.

4. In the command window, log in (not root) and create a

public_html subdirectory in the $HOME directory with the following command:

mkdir $HOME/public_html

Installing PHP

Perform the following steps to obtain PHP for Windows or Linux:

1. Enter the following URL in your Web browser:

http://www.php.net/downloads.php

Installing PHP

Getting Started 2-7

For Windows, click the 5.2.10 zip package under Windows Binaries. For Linux,

click php-5.2.10.tar.bz2 under Complete Source Code.

3. Save the downloaded file in a temporary directory, such as c:\tmp on Windows

or \tmp on Linux.

Installing PHP on Windows

This section describes how to install PHP on Windows.

The file name and extraction directory are based on the current version. Throughout

this procedure, ensure you use the directory name for the version you are installing.

You must be the administrator user to install PHP. To install PHP, perform the

following steps:

1. In Windows Explorer, go to the directory where you downloaded the PHP 5.2.10

zip file.

2. Unzip the PHP package to a directory called C:\php-5.2.10

3. Copy php.ini-recommended to C:\Program Files\Apache

Group\Apache2\conf\php.ini

4. Edit php.ini to make the following changes:

■ Change extension_dir to C:\php-5.2.10\ext, which is the directory

containing php_oci8.dll and the other PHP extensions.

■ Remove the semicolon from the beginning of the line

extension=php oci8.dll

■ Set the PHP directive, display_errors, to On. For testing it is helpful to see

any problems in your code.

5. Edit the file httpd.conf and add the following lines. Make sure you use forward

slashes '/' and not back slashes '\':

# This will load the PHP module into Apache

LoadModule php5_module c:/php-5.2.10/php5apache2.dll

# This next section will call PHP for .php, .phtml, and .phps files

AddType application/x-httpd-php .php

AddType application/x-httpd-php .phtml

AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps

# This is the directory containing php.ini

PHPIniDir "C:/Program Files/Apache Group/Apache2/conf"

6. Restart the Apache Server so that you can test your PHP installation.

You can use the Start menu option to start Apache. This opens a console window

showing any error messages. Error messages may also be written to C:\Program

Files\Apache Group\Apache2\logs\error.log.

You can also use the ApacheMonitor utility to start Apache. It will appear as an

icon in your System Tray, or navigate to the Apache bin directory and double

Installing PHP

2-8 Oracle Database 2 Day + PHP Developer's Guide

click ApacheMonitor.exe. In a default installation, Apache bin is located at

c:\Program Files\Apache Group\Apache2\bin.

You can also use the Windows Services to start Apache. You access Windows

Services from the Windows Start menu at Start > Control Panel > Administrative

Tools > Services. Select the Standard tab. Right click the Apache2 HTTP Server

and then select Restart

If you have errors, double check your httpd.conf and php.ini files.

Installing PHP on Linux

This section describes how to install PHP on Linux.

The file name and extraction directory are based on the current version. Throughout

this procedure, ensure you use the directory name for the version you are installing.

Perform the following steps to install PHP:

1. Go to the directory where you downloaded the php-5.2.10.tar.bz2 file.

2. Log in as the root user and execute these commands:

# tar -jxvf php-5.2.10.tar.bz2

# cd php-5.2.10

# export ORACLE_HOME=/usr/lib/oracle/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/server

# ./configure \

--with-oci8=$ORACLE_HOME \

--with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs \

--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/apache/conf \

--enable-sigchild

# make

# make install

Check the value for ORACLE_HOME to ensure it reflects your Oracle version and

installation.

If you are behind a firewall, you may need to set the environment variable http_

proxy to your proxy server before running make install. This enables PHP's

PEAR components to be installed.

3. Copy PHP's supplied initialization file:

# cp php.ini-recommended /usr/local/apache/conf/php.ini

For testing it is helpful to edit php.ini and set the PHP directive, display_

errors, to On so you can see any problems in your code.

4. Edit Apache's configuration file /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf and add the

following lines:

# This next section will call PHP for .php, .phtml, and .phps files

AddType application/x-httpd-php .php

AddType application/x-httpd-php .phtml

AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps

# This is the directory containing php.ini

PHPIniDir "/usr/local/apache/conf"

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