图像计算机三维重建:相机模型、特征匹配与精度提升

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图像坐标系在半导体器件物理学和工程技术中起着核心作用,特别是在三维重建和计算机视觉领域。图像坐标系通常由纵横坐标轴构成,如图2.1所示,其中每个像素在x轴和y轴上的物理尺寸分别代表dx和dy。在图像空间中,像素的坐标(u, v)可以通过以下关系转换到笛卡尔坐标(x, y),并用齐次坐标和矩阵形式表示: \[ \begin{bmatrix} u \\ v \\ 1 \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 & dx \\ 0 & 1 & dy \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} x \\ y \\ 1 \end{bmatrix} \] 反之,从笛卡尔坐标到像素坐标则是: \[ \begin{bmatrix} x \\ y \\ 1 \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 & -\frac{dx}{f} \\ 0 & 1 & -\frac{dy}{f} \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} u \\ v \\ 1 \end{bmatrix} \] 其中,f是相机的焦距,(cX, cY, cZ)是相机的光心,光轴与图像平面的交点定义为原点。 计算机视觉中的三维重建技术,如西安建筑科技大学邓燕子硕士论文所研究的,依赖于精确的相机模型和成像过程理解。相机标定是关键技术之一,论文对比了传统相机标定方法和自标定方法,如使用平面模板对相机内部参数进行高精度标定。特征提取和匹配是另一个关键步骤,研究者采用了改进的RANSAC方法结合高斯差分算子,提高了特征描述的匹配性能。 基础矩阵求解是三维重建中的另一个核心环节,传统RANSAC方法可能因内点对的统一处理导致精度损失。论文提出了一种自适应代价函数,考虑不同内点的重投影误差,从而提高了基础矩阵估计的准确性。对于稀疏特征点云,通过图像校正和视差空间的稠密匹配算法,论文解决了点云描述不足的问题,实现了从稀疏到稠密的点云重建。 论文还探讨了双目视觉在三维重建中的应用,构建了基于图像对的三维重建流程,包括物体空间点云的稀疏重建和稠密重建。此外,点云后处理及多幅图像的三维重建方法也是研究的重点,这些技术对于提高重建精度和真实感至关重要。 该研究深入分析了图像坐标系在三维重建中的作用,以及相机标定、特征处理和基础矩阵求解等相关技术,展示了基于图像计算机三维重建技术的实用性与潜力,为实际应用提供了有力支持。

WIDE bandgap devices, such as silicon carbide (SiC) metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transis- tors (MOSFETs) present superior performance compared to their silicon counterparts [1]. Their lower ON-state resistance and faster switching capability attract lots of interest in high-power- density applications [2]. Faster switching speed enables lower switching loss and higher switching frequency, which is benefi- cial to high-efficiency and high power density. However, severe electromagnetic interference (EMI) and transient overvoltage issues caused by fast switching speed jeopardize the power quality and reliability of converters [3], [4]. Therefore, there is a tradeoff between efficiency and reliability in the choice of switching speed. An optimized design should ensure theoperation within both safe-operation-area and EMI limits, and switching loss should be as small as possible. A prediction method of switching performance is important and helpful for designer to evaluate and optimize converter design. The most concerned switching characteristics are switching loss, dv/dt, di/dt, and turn-ON/OFF overvoltage generally. These characteristics are crucial for the design of heatsink, filter, and gate driver. Related discussions have been presented in many existing research articles as following.请将这一段进行以下要求,Move analysis 语步(内容成分)分析; Language devices和实现该功能的语言手段(某些关键专有名词提供汉语翻译)

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