"图的存储结构及基本操作：线性表、树、图的关系"

The seventh chapter of the data structure course introduces the concept of graphs as a non-linear data structure, consisting of vertices and edges. The relationship between elements in a graph is characterized by a network-like structure, where any two elements may be related, and each element can have multiple direct predecessors and successors. This is contrasted with linear relationships in linear lists and hierarchies in trees. The chapter covers the definition and operations of graphs, including the basic terminology such as directed and undirected graphs. In a directed graph, edges have a specific direction, while in an undirected graph, edges do not have a specific direction. The chapter also discusses the storage structure of graphs, traversal algorithms, minimum spanning trees, shortest path problems, and applications of directed acyclic graphs. Overall, the chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamentals of graphs as a data structure, their definitions, and operations. It also highlights the differences between linear lists, trees, and graphs in terms of their relationships and structure. Understanding graphs is essential for solving real-world problems such as network routing, social network analysis, and logistical planning, making this chapter an important part of the study of data structures.