"6G技术演变与应用前景：IEEE论文综述"

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NGUYEN et al.: 6G INTERNET OF THINGS: COMPREHENSIVE SURVEY 363

TABLE II

IST OF KEY ACRONYMS

haptic Internet-based applications, such as autonomous driving

(AV) or real-time healthcare assistance because the required

delay is below 0.1 ms.

In this context, 6G is envisioned to provide new disruptive

wireless technologies and innovative networking infrastruc-

tures to realize a plethora of new IoT applications by satisfying

such stringent network demands in a holistic fashion, com-

pared to its 5G counterpart [19]. With the advent of advanced

technologies, such as edge intelligence, THz, and large-scale

satellite constellation, 6G communication systems are able to

evolve toward a more powerful IoT ecosystem as well as build

the fully connected and intelligent digital world toward the

foreseen economic, social, and environmental ecosystems of

the 2030 era. 6G is expected to outperform 5G in multiple

speciﬁcations as shown in Table III. While 5G networks

remain some critical limitations in terms of mobile trafﬁc

capability, density of device connectivity, and network latency,

6G is able to bring a new level of network qualities with the

outstanding features as follows.

1) Achieving a supper high data rate from 1 Tb/s to address

the massive-scale IoT connectivity, where the seam-

less mobility, spectrum availability, and mobile trafﬁc

co-exist.

2) Increasing the mobile trafﬁc capability up to 1 Gb/s/m

to satisfy super high throughput requirements and IoT

device density.

3) Achieving an extremely high device connectivity density

of 10

devices/km

which supports well for massively

dense IoT network deployments

4) Achieving ultralow network latencies (10–100 μs) to

fulﬁll the requirements of haptic applications, such as

e-health and autonomous driving.

B. Internet of Things

As a key technology in integrating heterogeneous elec-

tronic devices with wireless systems, IoT aims to connect

TABLE III

EW FEATURES OF 6G-IOTVERSUS 5G-IOT

different things to the Internet, forming a connected environ-

ment where data sensing, computation, and communications

are performed automatically without human involvement. IoT

data can be collected from ubiquitous mobile devices, such

as sensors, actuators, smart phones, personal computers, and

radio frequency identiﬁcations (RFIDs) to serve end users [21].

It is estimated that IoT will achieve an impressive development

in the next few years. According to Cisco [22], up to 500 bil-

lion IoT devices are expected to be connected to the Internet

by 2030, from only 26 billion devices in 2020. Furthermore,

in a new analysis of IHS Markit [23], a world leader in crit-

ical information, analytics, and solutions, the development of

connected global IoT devices will achieve an impressive rate

of 12 percent annually, from nearly 27 billion in 2017 to 125

billion in 2030. Recently, GlobeNewswire also forecasts that

the global 5G-IoT market will grow from U.S. $694.0 million

in 2020 to U.S. $ 6285.5 million by 2025 [24]. The Internet of

Nano-Things is also signiﬁcant to build future advanced IoT

ecosystems [25], where the network of objects (nano-devices

and things) can sense, transmit, process, and store data based

on nano units (e.g., a nanocontroller) for supporting customer

services, such as healthcare monitoring. Seamless interconnec-

tivity among nano-networks via the available communication

networks and the Internet requires developing new network

architectures and new communication paradigms. In this con-

text, 6G with its exceptional features and strong capabilities

will be a key enabler for supporting future IoT networks and

applications, by providing full-dimensional wireless coverage,

and integrating all functionalities, from sensing, communica-

tion, computing, to intelligence and fully autonomous control.

In fact, the next-generation 6G mobile networks are envisaged

to provide massive coverage and better scalability to facilitate

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