精通.NET 3.0中的Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF)

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"Pro WPF Windows Presentation Foundation in .NET 3.0 是一本由 Matthew MacDonald 撰写的专著，详细介绍了如何利用 .NET 3.0 框架中的 WPF（Windows Presentation Foundation）技术来开发下一代Windows应用程序。本书涵盖了WPF的各个方面，旨在帮助开发者充分利用这一强大的用户界面框架。" 在 .NET Framework 3.0 中，Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) 是微软推出的一个关键组件，它提供了一种全新的方式来构建丰富的、具有高度交互性的Windows桌面应用。WPF是一个统一的图形系统，它集成了2D和3D图形、文本渲染、媒体播放、数据绑定、以及与XAML（Extensible Application Markup Language）的紧密集成，使得UI设计和代码分离变得更加容易。这本书深入探讨了以下关键知识点： 1. **XAML基础**：XAML是WPF中用于描述用户界面的标记语言，类似于XML。书中详细介绍了XAML语法，包括元素、属性、事件和数据绑定等，让读者能够用XAML创建复杂的UI布局。 2. **控件和布局管理**：WPF提供了一系列内置控件，如按钮、文本框、列表视图等，以及各种布局容器（如网格、堆栈面板和画布等），用于控制元素在屏幕上的排列和大小调整。 3. **样式和模板**：通过使用样式和控件模板，开发者可以实现UI的统一外观和行为，以及动态改变UI的视觉呈现。 4. **数据绑定**：WPF的数据绑定机制使得UI元素可以直接与业务逻辑层的数据源进行绑定，实现数据驱动的UI更新，简化了编程模型。 5. **图形和多媒体**：WPF支持硬件加速的2D和3D图形渲染，以及音频和视频的集成，使得开发富媒体应用成为可能。 6. **资源和依赖属性**：WPF中的资源系统允许共享和重用UI元素和数据，而依赖属性则是实现数据绑定和动画的基础。 7. **路由事件和命令**：路由事件和命令是WPF中处理用户交互的关键机制，它们提供了事件传播和命令执行的抽象，有助于保持代码整洁和模块化。 8. **动画和效果**：WPF的动画系统允许开发者创建流畅的用户交互体验，通过时间线和关键帧实现对象属性的平滑过渡。 9. **部署和安全性**：书中也会涵盖WPF应用的部署策略，以及.NET Framework的安全特性，如代码访问安全和ClickOnce部署。 10. **深入技术**：可能还包括对WPF的高级主题的讨论，如自定义控件、附加属性、数据验证、以及与其他.NET Framework组件（如WCF和WF）的集成。技术审阅者Christophe Nasarre的参与确保了书中的内容准确无误，为读者提供了专业且实用的指导。无论是初学者还是经验丰富的开发者，都能从这本书中获益，提升自己的WPF开发技能。

■INTRODUCTION

Overall, WPF combines the best of the old world of Windows development with new

innovations for building modern, graphically rich user interfaces. Although Windows Forms

applications will continue to live on for years, developers embarking on new Windows devel-

opment projects should dig into WPF.

About This Book

This book is an in-depth exploration of WPF for professional developers who know the .NET

platform, the C# language, and the Visual Studio development environment. Previous experi-

ence with Windows Forms is useful but not required to get the most out of this book.

This book provides a complete description of every major WPF feature, from XAML (the

markup language used to define WPF user interfaces) to 3-D drawing and animation. Along

the way, you’ll occasionally work with code that involves other features of the .NET Framework,

such as the ADO.NET classes you use to query a database. These features aren’t discussed here.

Instead, if you want more information about .NET features that aren’t specific to WPF, you can

refer to one of the many dedicated .NET titles from Apress.

Chapter Overview

This book includes 26 chapters. If you’re just starting out with WPF, you’ll find it’s easiest to

read them in order, as later chapters often draw on the techniques demonstrated in earlier

chapters.

The following list gives you a quick preview of each chapter:

Chapter 1: Introducing WPF describes the architecture of WPF, its DirectX plumbing,

and the new device-independent measurement system that resizes user interfaces auto-

matically.

Chapter 2: XAML describes the XAML standard that you use to define user interfaces.

You’ll learn why it was created and how it works, and you’ll create a basic WPF window

using different coding approaches.

Chapter 3: The Application introduces the WPF application model. You’ll see how to

create single-instance and document-based WPF applications, and you’ll learn how

to use the WPF threading model.

Chapter 4: Layout delves into the layout panels that allow you to organize elements in a

WPF window. You’ll consider different layout strategies, and you’ll build some common

types of windows.

Chapter 5: Content describes the WPF content control model, which allows you to place

elements inside other elements to customize the look of common controls such as but-

tons and labels.

Chapter 6: Dependency Properties and Routed Events describes how WPF extends

.NET’s property and event system. You’ll see how WPF uses dependency properties to pro-

vide support for key features such as data binding and animation, and how it uses event

routing to send events bubbling or tunneling through the elements in your user interface.

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Chapter 7: Classic Controls considers some of the common controls every Windows

developer is familiar with, such as buttons, text boxes, and labels—and their WPF twists.

Chapter 8:Windows examines how windows work in WPF. You’ll also learn how to create

irregularly shaped windows and use Vista glass effects.

Chapter 9: Pages and Navigation describes how you can build pages in WPF and keep

track of navigation history. You’ll also see how to build a browser-hosted WPF application

that can be launched from a website without a tedious installation step.

Chapter 10: Commands introduces the WPF command model, which allows you to wire

multiple controls to the same logical action.

Chapter 11: Resources describes how resources let you embed binary files in your assem-

bly and reuse important objects throughout your user interface.

Chapter 12: Styles explains the WPF style system, which lets you apply a set of common

property values to an entire group of controls.

Chapter 13: Shapes,Transforms, and Brushes introduces the 2-D drawing model in WPF.

You’ll learn to create shapes, alter elements with transforms, and paint exotic effects with

gradients, tiles, and images.

Chapter 14: Geometries, Drawings,and Visuals delves deeper into 2-D drawing. You’ll

learn to create complex paths that incorporate arcs and curves, how to use complex

graphics efficiently, and how to use the lower-level visual layer for optimized drawing.

Chapter 15: Control Templates shows you how you can give any WPF control a dramatic

new look (and new behavior) by plugging in a customized template. You’ll also see how

templates allow you to build a “skinnable” application.

Chapter 16: Data Binding introduces WPF data binding. You’ll see how to bind any type

of object to your user interface, whether it’s an instance of a custom data class or the full-

fledged ADO.NET DataSet. You’ll also learn how to convert, format, and validate data.

Chapter 17: Data Templates, Data Views, and Data Providers shows some of the tricks for

designing professional data-driven interfaces. Along the way, you’ll build rich data lists

that incorporate pictures, controls, and selection effects.

Chapter 18: Lists,Trees,Toolbars, and Menus considers WPF’s family of list controls.

You’ll see data-oriented controls such as grids and trees, and command-oriented controls

such as toolbars and menus.

Chapter 19: Documents introduces WPF’s rich document support. You’ll learn to use flow

documents to present large amounts of text in the most readable way possible, and you’ll

use fixed documents to show print-ready pages. You’ll even use the RichTextBox to pro-

vide document editing.

Chapter 20: Printing demonstrates WPF’s new printing model, which lets you “draw” text

and shapes in a print document. You’ll also learn how to manage page settings and print

queues.

■INTRODUCTIONxvi

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Chapter 21: Animation explores WPF’s animation framework, which lets you integrate

dynamic effects into your application using straightforward, declarative markup.

Chapter 22: Sound and Video describes WPF’s media support. You’ll see how to control

playback for sound and video, and how to throw in synchronized animations and live

effects.

Chapter 23: 3-D Drawing explores the support for drawing 3-D shapes in WPF. You’ll

learn how to create, transform, and animate 3-D objects. You’ll even see how to place

interactive 2-D controls on 3-D surfaces.

Chapter 24: Custom Elements explores how you can extend the existing WPF controls

and create your own. You’ll see several examples, including a template-based color picker,

a masked text box, and a decorator that performs custom drawing.

Chapter 25: Interacting with Windows Forms examines how you can combine WPF and

Windows Forms content in the same application—and even in the same window.

Chapter 26: ClickOnce Deployment shows how you can deploy WPF applications using

the ClickOnce setup model introduced in .NET 2.0.

What You Need to Use This Book

In order to run WPF applications, your computer must be running Microsoft Windows Vista or

Microsoft Windows XP with Service Pack 2. In order to create WPF applications (and open the

sample projects included with this book), you need to use one of the following versions of

Visual Studio:

•Visual Studio 2005 with .NET 3.0 and the WPF extensions

• The next version of Visual Studio (code-named “Orcas”)

To track down the exact links you need to install .NET 3.0 and the WPF extensions, visit

the page of links for this book at http://www.prosetech.com.

There’s one other option. Instead of using any version of Visual Studio, you can use

Expression Blend—a graphically oriented design tool—to build and test WPF applications.

Overall, Expression Blend is intended for graphic designers who spend their time creating

serious eye candy, while Visual Studio is ideal for code-heavy application programmers. This

book assumes you’re using Visual Studio. If you’d like to learn more about Expression Blend,

you can consult one of many dedicated books on the subject, including Pro Expression Blend

by Darren Lutz and Ryan Moore (Apress, 2007).

Some of the examples in this book use ADO.NET data access code to query a SQL Server

database. To try out these examples, you can use the script file that’s included with the sample

code to install the database (on SQL Server version 2000 or later). Alternatively, you can use a

file-based database component that’s also included with the sample code. This component

retrieves the same data from an XML file, simulating the work of the full database component

without requiring a live instance of SQL Server.

■INTRODUCTION

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VISUAL STUDIO ORCAS

At the time of this writing, Visual Studio Orcas was available in an early beta form. If you choose to use it,

you’ll need to convert the example projects included with this book before you can open them. The first

time you open one of the projects, Visual Studio will launch a conversion wizard that leads you through the

process. The conversion process doesn’t change the actual code in these examples—instead, it simply

updates the .csproj files to use the new format.

Visual Studio Orcas offers one obvious advantage over Visual Studio 2005—it includes design-time

support that allows you to build WPF user interfaces by pointing and clicking, much as you design Windows

Forms applications. With Visual Studio 2005, you’re able to preview your user interfaces at design time, but

you need to do much of the coding by hand.

Technically, Visual Studio 2005 uses .NET 3.0, which includes WPF 1.0. Visual Studio Orcas includes

.NET 3.5, with a slightly newer version of WPF. This newer, unreleased version of WPF has few significant

changes. The key differences are bug fixes, performance tune-ups, and support for LINQ (a set of language

extensions in .NET 3.5 that provides SQL-like querying capabilities).

Code Samples and URLs

It’s a good idea to check the Apress website or http://www.prosetech.com to download the

most recent up-to-date code samples. You’ll need to do this to test most of the more sophisti-

cated code examples described in this book because the less significant details are usually left

out. This book focuses on the most important sections so that you don’t need to wade through

needless extra pages to understand a concept.

To download the source code, surf to http://www.prosetech.com and look for the page for

this book. You’ll also find a list of links that are mentioned in this book, so you can find impor-

tant tools and examples without needless typing.

Feedback

This book has the ambitious goal of being the best tutorial and reference for programming

WPF. Toward that end, your comments and suggestions are extremely helpful. You can send

complaints, adulation, and everything in between directly to apress@prosetech.com. I can’t

solve your .NET problems or critique your code, but I will benefit from information about

what this book did right and wrong (or what it may have done in an utterly confusing way).

■INTRODUCTIONxviii

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Introducing WPF

The Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) is an entirely new graphical display system

for Windows. WPF is designed for .NET, influenced by modern display technologies such

as HTML and Flash, and is hardware-accelerated. It’s also the most radical change to hit

Windows user interfaces since Windows 95.

In this chapter you’ll peer into the architecture of WPF. You’ll get your first look at how it

works, and you’ll see what it promises for the next generation of Windows applications.

Understanding Windows Graphics

It’s hard to appreciate how dramatic WPF is without realizing that Windows developers have

been using essentially the same display technology for more than ten years.

A modern Windows application built with C# indirectly relies on two parts of the Windows

operating system to create its user interface:

• User32 provides the familiar Windows look and feel for elements such as windows, but-

tons, text boxes, and so on.

• GDI/GDI+ provides drawing support for rendering shapes, text, and images at the cost

of additional complexity (and often lackluster performance).

Over the years, both technologies have been refined, and the APIs that developers use to

interact with them have changed dramatically. But whether you’re crafting an application with

C# and .NET 2.0, or lingering in the past with Visual Basic 6 or MFC-based C++ code, behind

the scenes the same parts of the Windows operating system are at work. Newer frameworks

simply deliver better wrappers for interacting with User32 and GDI/GDI+. They can provide

improvements in efficiency, reduce complexity, and add prebaked features so you don’t have

to code them yourself; but they can’t remove the fundamental limitations of a system compo-

nent that was designed more than a decade ago.

■Note The basic division of labor between User32 and GDI/GDI+ was introduced more than 15 years ago

and was well-established in Windows 3.0. Of course, User32 was simply User at that point, because soft-

ware hadn’t yet entered the 32-bit world.

CHAPTER 1

■ ■ ■

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