Verifiable RTL 设计原则(第2版)：实现验证友好型Verilog代码风格

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"《(Kluwer) Principles of Verifiable RTL Design (2nd Ed.)》是一本关于RTL验证设计的经典书籍，由前HP公司的专家Lionel Bening和Harry Foster撰写。该书提供了支持验证过程的函数式编码风格，旨在确保Verilog RTL设计的可验证性和后端设计的成功。作者的网站提供了与本书相关的设计示例和脚本下载，对于想要精通RTL设计和验证的读者来说是一份宝贵的资源。" 在深入探讨《Principles of Verifiable RTL Design》的第二版之前，我们需要理解RTL（寄存器传输级）设计和验证的重要性。RTL是数字集成电路设计中的一个关键阶段，它描述了硬件电路的行为，而验证则确保设计符合预期的功能和性能。这本书专注于创建可验证的RTL代码，这意味着代码不仅描述了硬件行为，还便于后续的验证工作，以减少设计错误和后端实现的风险。书中涵盖了多个关键知识点，包括： 1. **功能编码风格**：书中介绍了一种支持验证过程的编码方法，这种方法能够使设计更容易被理解和验证。通过遵循特定的编码规范，设计师可以编写出更易于检查和调试的代码。 2. **Verilog语言应用**：Verilog是一种广泛使用的硬件描述语言，用于表示数字系统的逻辑。本书将详细解释如何使用Verilog来创建可验证的RTL设计，包括模块化、接口定义、状态机建模等。 3. **验证策略和工具**：书中可能包含各种验证技术，如基于断言的验证、形式验证、随机化测试平台的构建以及覆盖率度量，这些都是现代验证流程的核心部分。 4. **设计实例和脚本**：作者提供的网站上有与书中的概念相关的设计示例和脚本，读者可以通过实践这些例子来加深对理论知识的理解。 5. **验证计划和流程**：书中的内容可能会涵盖如何制定有效的验证计划，如何组织验证团队，以及如何在整个设计周期中管理验证活动。 6. **质量保证和一次性成功**：通过学习本书，读者将了解如何提高设计的质量，确保后端实现过程中能够一次性成功，避免昂贵的迭代和修改。 7. **最佳实践和经验教训**：作者作为HP的大牛，他们的经验分享将涵盖业界的最佳实践，帮助读者避免常见的设计和验证陷阱。这本书对于电子工程、集成电路设计和软件工程师来说都是一本极有价值的参考书，无论你是初学者还是经验丰富的专业人士，都可以从中受益。通过学习本书，你可以提升你的RTL设计技巧，确保你的设计不仅正确，而且可以高效地进行验证。

FOREWORD

System designers, computer scientists and engineers have con-

tinuously invented and employed notations for modeling, specify-

ing, simulating, documenting, communicating, teaching, verifying

and controlling the designs of digital systems. Initially these sys-

tems were represented via electronic and fabrication details. Fol-

lowing C. E. Shannon’s revelation of 1948, logic diagrams and

Boolean equations were used to represent digital systems in a fash-

ion that de-emphasized electronic and fabrication detail while

revealing logical behavior. A small number of circuits were made

available to remove the abstraction of these representations when it

was desirable to do so. As system complexity grew, block diagrams,

timing charts, sequence charts, and other graphic and symbolic

notations were found to be useful in summarizing the gross features

of a system and describing how it operated. In addition, it always

seemed necessary or appropriate to augment these documents with

lengthy verbal descriptions in a natural language.

While each notation was, and still is, a perfectly valid means of

expressing a design, lack of standardization, conciseness, and for-

mal definitions interfered with communication and the understand-

ing between groups of people using different notations. This

problem was recognized early and formal languages began to

evolve in the 1950s when I. S. Reed discovered that flip-flop input

equations were equivalent to a register transfer equation, and that

xvi

tor-like notation. Expanding these concepts Reed developed a nota-

tion that became known as a Register Transfer Language (RTL).

While the notation had only a few features that are associated with

RTLs today, its development started an evolutionary process that is

still underway. RTLs such as Verilog improve the ability of the

designer to communicate the design intent as well as providing a

mechanism to verify correctness.

In the late 1980s, progress in RTL synthesis provided productiv-

ity gains by translating the designer’s intent into gates and silicon.

Success with RTL synthesis resulted in the acceptance of an RTL

synthesizable subset. In other words, by constraining a rich RTL to

a subset of keywords and an explicit coding style, synthesis can use

precise semantics to provide an efficient and clear mapping to a

specific hardware implementation.

Unfortunately, the synthesis productivity gain has resulted in an

increase in verification complexity. In this book, the focus is on ver-

ification productivity gains. This seems to be a normal progression

to emphasize synthesis productivity gains when synthesis was in

the critical path, and then turn to verification productivity gains

when it became the biggest problem for the design team. This book

promotes a strong coupling between the RTL specification and the

verification process. The authors have placed emphasis on describ-

ing verification processes and explicitly how

they relate to RTL

coding style. Many other Verilog books describe details for the

entire language without considering the coding impact related to

the verification process.

By constraining a rich hardware description language to an RTL

verifiable subset, emerging verification technologies can easily be

integrated into the design flow (e.g., model checking, equivalence

checking, cycle-based simulation and fast two-state simulation).

The RTL verifiable subset in this book is actually a smaller synthe-

sizable subset, which includes the keywords supporting higher lev-

els of modeling and abstraction. Some Hewlett-Packard engineers

outside the authors’ team have found the ideas too revolutionary,

and out-of-line with the way that they learned to use Verilog for

simulation and synthesis. However, the authors’ team has success-

fully developed very large complex systems in Hewlett-Packard fol-

lowing the guidelines and methodologies discussed in this book.

Furthermore, the authors’ team has successfully integrated emerg-

ing verification technologies into their design flow, while other

design teams are struggling and fighting the verification tools and

processes.

I find this book to be a significant contribution in helping other

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