STM32F103C8T6 中密度性能线MCU：关键特性和功能

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"STM32F103C8T6是STM32系列中的中密度性能线MCU，具备64KB或128KB的Flash存储和20KB的SRAM。这款微控制器基于32位ARM Cortex-M3 CPU，最高工作频率可达72MHz，提供1.25 DMIPS/MHz的性能。它拥有单周期乘法和硬件除法功能。STM32F103x8/xB型号支持多种通信接口，包括USB和CAN，以及7个定时器、2个ADC和9种通信接口。" STM32F103C8T6是一款由意法半导体（STMicroelectronics）推出的高性能微控制器，其主要特性包括： 1. **处理器核心**：采用32位ARM Cortex-M3 CPU，该内核以其低功耗、高效率和易于编程的特点而闻名。它能在0等待状态内存访问时达到72MHz的最大频率，执行Dhrystone 2.1基准测试时，性能达到1.25 DMIPS/MHz。 2. **内存配置**：提供64KB或128KB的内置Flash存储，用于程序存储；同时配备20KB的SRAM，作为工作内存，确保高效运行。 3. **电源管理与时钟系统**：支持2.0V至3.6V的应用电压范围，具有上电复位（POR）、掉电复位（PDR）和可编程电压检测器（PVD）。具备4到16MHz的晶体振荡器、8MHz的工厂校准内部RC振荡器以及40kHz的内部RC振荡器。此外，还支持通过PLL对CPU时钟进行倍频。 4. **低功耗模式**：具备睡眠、停止和待机三种低功耗模式，以及VBAT供电，确保实时时钟（RTC）和备份寄存器在主电源断开时仍能工作。 5. **模拟特性**：集成2个12位ADC，转换速度仅为1微秒，最多可连接16个通道，测量范围0至3.6V。还包括温度传感器，扩展了模拟信号处理能力。 6. **直接存储访问（DMA）**：7通道的DMA控制器，支持定时器、ADC、SPI、I2C和USART等外设的高速无CPU干预的数据传输。 7. **输入/输出（I/O）端口**：最多提供80个快速I/O端口，所有I/O都可映射到16位总线，增强外设连接能力。 8. **通信接口**：集成了USB接口，适用于高速数据传输；以及CAN接口，用于汽车和工业自动化中的网络通信。此外，还有7个定时器、2个ADC和9种通信接口（如SPI、I2C和USART），满足不同应用需求。 STM32F103C8T6的这些特性使其适用于广泛的嵌入式应用，如工业控制、物联网设备、消费电子和自动化系统等。开发者可以利用其丰富的外设和灵活的电源管理方案，设计出高效、节能且功能强大的产品。

STM32F103x8, STM32F103xB Description

Doc ID 13587 Rev 11 15/92

2.3.13 DMA

The flexible 7-channel general-purpose DMA is able to manage memory-to-memory,

peripheral-to-memory and memory-to-peripheral transfers. The DMA controller supports

circular buffer management avoiding the generation of interrupts when the controller

reaches the end of the buffer.

Each channel is connected to dedicated hardware DMA requests, with support for software

trigger on each channel. Configuration is made by software and transfer sizes between

source and destination are independent.

The DMA can be used with the main peripherals: SPI, I

C, USART, general-purpose and

advanced-control timers TIMx and ADC.

2.3.14 RTC (real-time clock) and backup registers

The RTC and the backup registers are supplied through a switch that takes power either on

supply when present or through the V

BAT

pin. The backup registers are ten 16-bit

registers used to store 20 bytes of user application data when V

power is not present.

The real-time clock provides a set of continuously running counters which can be used with

suitable software to provide a clock calendar function, and provides an alarm interrupt and a

periodic interrupt. It is clocked by a 32.768 kHz external crystal, resonator or oscillator, the

internal low-power RC oscillator or the high-speed external clock divided by 128. The

internal low-power RC has a typical frequency of 40 kHz. The RTC can be calibrated using

an external 512 Hz output to compensate for any natural crystal deviation. The RTC features

a 32-bit programmable counter for long-term measurement using the Compare register to

generate an alarm. A 20-bit prescaler is used for the time base clock and is by default

configured to generate a time base of 1 second from a clock at 32.768 kHz.

2.3.15 Timers and watchdogs

The medium-density STM32F103xx performance line devices include an advanced-control

timer, three general-purpose timers, two watchdog timers and a SysTick timer.

Table 4 compares the features of the advanced-control and general-purpose timers.

Advanced-control timer (TIM1)

The advanced-control timer (TIM1) can be seen as a three-phase PWM multiplexed on 6

channels. It has complementary PWM outputs with programmable inserted dead-times. It

Table 4. Timer feature comparison

Timer

Counter

resolution

Counter

type

Prescaler

factor

DMA request

generation

Capture/compare

channels

Complementary

outputs

TIM1 16-bit

Up,

down,

up/down

Any integer

between 1

and 65536

Ye s 4 Ye s

TIM2,

TIM3,

TIM4

16-bit

Up,

down,

up/down

Any integer

between 1

and 65536

Ye s 4 N o

Description STM32F103x8, STM32F103xB

16/92 Doc ID 13587 Rev 11

can also be seen as a complete general-purpose timer. The 4 independent channels can be

used for

● Input capture

● Output compare

● PWM generation (edge- or center-aligned modes)

● One-pulse mode output

If configured as a general-purpose 16-bit timer, it has the same features as the TIMx timer. If

configured as the 16-bit PWM generator, it has full modulation capability (0-100%).

In debug mode, the advanced-control timer counter can be frozen and the PWM outputs

disabled to turn off any power switch driven by these outputs.

Many features are shared with those of the general-purpose TIM timers which have the

same architecture. The advanced-control timer can therefore work together with the TIM

timers via the Timer Link feature for synchronization or event chaining.

General-purpose timers (TIMx)

There are up to three synchronizable general-purpose timers embedded in the

STM32F103xx performance line devices. These timers are based on a 16-bit auto-reload

up/down counter, a 16-bit prescaler and feature 4 independent channels each for input

capture/output compare, PWM or one-pulse mode output. This gives up to 12 input

captures/output compares/PWMs on the largest packages.

The general-purpose timers can work together with the advanced-control timer via the Timer

Link feature for synchronization or event chaining. Their counter can be frozen in debug

mode. Any of the general-purpose timers can be used to generate PWM outputs. They all

have independent DMA request generation.

These timers are capable of handling quadrature (incremental) encoder signals and the

digital outputs from 1 to 3 hall-effect sensors.

Independent watchdog

The independent watchdog is based on a 12-bit downcounter and 8-bit prescaler. It is

clocked from an independent 40 kHz internal RC and as it operates independently of the

main clock, it can operate in Stop and Standby modes. It can be used either as a watchdog

to reset the device when a problem occurs, or as a free-running timer for application timeout

management. It is hardware- or software-configurable through the option bytes. The counter

can be frozen in debug mode.

Window watchdog

The window watchdog is based on a 7-bit downcounter that can be set as free-running. It

can be used as a watchdog to reset the device when a problem occurs. It is clocked from the

main clock. It has an early warning interrupt capability and the counter can be frozen in

debug mode.

STM32F103x8, STM32F103xB Description

Doc ID 13587 Rev 11 17/92

SysTick timer

This timer is dedicated for OS, but could also be used as a standard downcounter. It

features:

● A 24-bit downcounter

● Autoreload capability

● Maskable system interrupt generation when the counter reaches 0

● Programmable clock source

2.3.16 I²C bus

Up to two I²C bus interfaces can operate in multimaster and slave modes. They can support

standard and fast modes.

They support dual slave addressing (7-bit only) and both 7/10-bit addressing in master

mode. A hardware CRC generation/verification is embedded.

They can be served by DMA and they support SM Bus 2.0/PM Bus.

2.3.17 Universal synchronous/asynchronous receiver transmitter (USART)

One of the USART interfaces is able to communicate at speeds of up to 4.5 Mbit/s. The

other available interfaces communicate at up to 2.25 Mbit/s. They provide hardware

management of the CTS and RTS signals, IrDA SIR ENDEC support, are ISO 7816

compliant and have LIN Master/Slave capability.

All USART interfaces can be served by the DMA controller.

2.3.18 Serial peripheral interface (SPI)

Up to two SPIs are able to communicate up to 18 Mbits/s in slave and master modes in full-

duplex and simplex communication modes. The 3-bit prescaler gives 8 master mode

frequencies and the frame is configurable to 8 bits or 16 bits. The hardware CRC

generation/verification supports basic SD Card/MMC modes.

Both SPIs can be served by the DMA controller.

2.3.19 Controller area network (CAN)

The CAN is compliant with specifications 2.0A and B (active) with a bit rate up to 1 Mbit/s. It

can receive and transmit standard frames with 11-bit identifiers as well as extended frames

with 29-bit identifiers. It has three transmit mailboxes, two receive FIFOs with 3 stages and

14 scalable filter banks.

2.3.20 Universal serial bus (USB)

The STM32F103xx performance line embeds a USB device peripheral compatible with the

USB full-speed 12 Mbs. The USB interface implements a full-speed (12 Mbit/s) function

interface. It has software-configurable endpoint setting and suspend/resume support. The

dedicated 48 MHz clock is generated from the internal main PLL (the clock source must use

a HSE crystal oscillator).

Description STM32F103x8, STM32F103xB

18/92 Doc ID 13587 Rev 11

2.3.21 GPIOs (general-purpose inputs/outputs)

Each of the GPIO pins can be configured by software as output (push-pull or open-drain), as

input (with or without pull-up or pull-down) or as peripheral alternate function. Most of the

GPIO pins are shared with digital or analog alternate functions. All GPIOs are high-current-

capable except for analog inputs.

The I/Os alternate function configuration can be locked if needed following a specific

sequence in order to avoid spurious writing to the I/Os registers.

I/Os on APB2 with up to 18 MHz toggling speed

2.3.22 ADC (analog-to-digital converter)

Two 12-bit analog-to-digital converters are embedded into STM32F103xx performance line

devices and each ADC shares up to 16 external channels, performing conversions in single-

shot or scan modes. In scan mode, automatic conversion is performed on a selected group

of analog inputs.

Additional logic functions embedded in the ADC interface allow:

● Simultaneous sample and hold

● Interleaved sample and hold

● Single shunt

The ADC can be served by the DMA controller.

An analog watchdog feature allows very precise monitoring of the converted voltage of one,

some or all selected channels. An interrupt is generated when the converted voltage is

outside the programmed thresholds.

The events generated by the general-purpose timers (TIMx) and the advanced-control timer

(TIM1) can be internally connected to the ADC start trigger, injection trigger, and DMA

trigger respectively, to allow the application to synchronize A/D conversion and timers.

2.3.23 Temperature sensor

The temperature sensor has to generate a voltage that varies linearly with temperature. The

conversion range is between 2 V < V

DDA

< 3.6 V. The temperature sensor is internally

connected to the ADC12_IN16 input channel which is used to convert the sensor output

voltage into a digital value.

2.3.24 Serial wire JTAG debug port (SWJ-DP)

The ARM SWJ-DP Interface is embedded. and is a combined JTAG and serial wire debug

port that enables either a serial wire debug or a JTAG probe to be connected to the target.

The JTAG TMS and TCK pins are shared with SWDIO and SWCLK, respectively, and a

specific sequence on the TMS pin is used to switch between JTAG-DP and SW-DP.

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