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首页探索SharePoint 2013:最新特性和管理员指南
探索SharePoint 2013:最新特性和管理员指南
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更新于2024-07-24
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"Microsoft.Explore SharePoint 2013" 是由 Microsoft Corporation 在2012年10月出版的一本技术文档,旨在详细介绍SharePoint 2013的新特性和功能。该书的受众包括应用专家、业务线应用专家以及希望了解SharePoint 2013的IT管理员。内容来源于 SharePoint 2013 技术库,并在发布时提供了精选的部分信息。 书中重点介绍了SharePoint 2013中的创新之处,如改进的用户界面、协作工具、云集成、以及对移动设备的支持。它涵盖了新版本在文档管理、网站设计、搜索、工作流程自动化、内容类型和社交交互等方面的增强功能。对于那些希望优化企业内部沟通、提高生产力和协作效率的专业人士来说,这本书是深入理解并掌握SharePoint 2013操作的重要参考。 值得注意的是,书中的信息和链接可能随着时间的推移而更新,因此为了获取最准确和最新的技术内容,读者应访问在线的技术库。此外,书中的示例主要用于演示,可能涉及虚构场景,不暗示任何实际关联。同时,文档并未授予读者对微软产品知识产权的任何法律权利,允许用户仅限于内部参考使用。 "Microsoft.Explore SharePoint 2013"是一本实用的指南,不仅适合新用户快速上手,也适合经验丰富的管理员深化理解,是企业在采用SharePoint 2013进行协作和信息化管理时的重要参考资料。随着技术的发展,用户还需要结合官方更新和其他资源,持续提升自己的技能和知识。
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OData support
SharePoint 2013 introduces support for OData Business Data Connectivity (BDC) connections. This is
in addition to data connections for WCF, SQL Server, and .NET assemblies. The Open Data Protocol
(OData) is a web protocol that is used to query and update data. OData applies web technologies such
as HTTP, Atom Publishing Protocol (AtomPub), and JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) to provide
access to information from a variety of applications, services, and stores. For more information about
OData, see Introducing OData: Data Access for the Web, the cloud, mobile devices, and more
in the
MSDN Library. For years, SharePoint has been an OData provider, which means a SharePoint list can
be consumed by using OData. In SharePoint 2013, you can now connect to an external data source by
using OData. For examples of OData providers and for more information about OData support, see
“Connecting to Open Data (OData) Data Sources” in
What’s new in Business Connectivity Services for
developers in the MSDN Library. For more information on using OData in BCS in SharePoint 2013, see
Using OData sources with Business Connectivity Services in SharePoint 2013 in the MSDN Library.
Business Connectivity Services supports Anonymous, Basic, Windows, and Custom authentication to
OData services when it is used with the Secure Store Service. If you want to apply permissions at more
discrete levels, use OData connections. OData connections provide an easier way to create BDC
models that work for both SharePoint 2013 and Office 2013 client applications. In SharePoint 2013, you
can connect external lists that are surfaced through OData to Office 2013 clients and you can work with
the data when you are offline. When the Office 2013 client reconnects, it performs bidirectional
synchronization with the OData source.
Automatic generation of BDC models for OData data
sources
Before SharePoint 2013 or SharePoint Online can be used as an interface to external data, they must
understand what kind of data source it is, how to talk to it, and what kind of authentication the external
system expects. These items — and also which tables to read, which items from those tables are of
interest, and which operations to perform on them — are all described to Business Connectivity
Services in a BDC model. In SharePoint 2013, you must use Visual Studio 2010 to create BDC models
for OData data sources. To make the BDC model creation process smoother, Visual Studio 2010 will be
able to connect to the OData endpoint through Business Connectivity Services and read the OData
source. Visual Studio 2010 will then automatically generate the BDC model based on the available
metadata. The BDC model can then be either imported into the Business Data Catalog as a farm-
scoped external content type, or be included in an app for SharePoint. Farm-scoped external content
types can be used in external data lists, business data Web Parts, or business data in lists anywhere
across the SharePoint farm.
The BDC model will not contain any filters because it is not possible to know what these would be
beforehand. By default, Visual Studio 2010 will generate all the Business Connectivity Services
operations for all the OData operations (Get, Put, Post, and Delete).
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Event listener
SharePoint 2013 provides an event listener. The event listener includes an event subscriber on the
SharePoint 2013 side. The subscriber receives notifications from the event publisher (on the external
system side) on changes to the data and then initiates predefined actions when changes occur. This
enables SharePoint users and custom code to receive notifications of events that occur in the external
system. The users and custom code need to explicitly subscribe to events on entities for which they
want to receive a notification. The external system can use any of the supported connections (OData,
SQL, or WCF) for transactions with the external system. However, to support eventing, the external
system must implement interfaces that allow users to subscribe to events and it must send the
notifications back as ATOM feeds or JSON objects to the SharePoint 2013 endpoint.
Subscriptions enable event receivers on external lists
SharePoint 2013 supports a pull model for getting data from an external system and it introduces a
subscription model. In this version, developers can create BDC models that subscribe to published
events from an event publisher in the external system. The developers can target a particular entity in
the external system, such as the Customer entity, and receive notifications about events that are
published on that entity. This enables developers to write custom code for external lists that trigger
SharePoint events when data is changed. SharePoint users can also subscribe to alerts on external
lists that are associated with a BDC model in which a developer has defined a subscription. For
example, you can create a custom event on an external list that sends an email message to an
employee when a customer account is assigned to that employee in the external system. You can do
this by subscribing to a particular event (or alert) on a particular view of an external list. Note that users
can subscribe to an event the same way that they did in SharePoint Server 2010. For information about
how to subscribe to an alert, see Create an alert or subscribe to an RSS Feed
on Office.com. For more
information, see “Receiving Events from External Systems” in What’s new in Business Connectivity
Services for developers in the MSDN Library.
Support for apps for SharePoint
SharePoint 2013 introduces apps for SharePoint. By using apps for SharePoint, you can add
functionality to a SharePoint site by using the self-contained app for SharePoint. When installed, apps
for SharePoint do not make any changes to the underlying code on the computer that is running
SharePoint Server. Therefore, each app for SharePoint is isolated from the rest of the system. Because
apps for SharePoint contain all the resources that they need to function, they are very safe to use and
also can be uninstalled cleanly. This article focuses on Business Connectivity Services support for apps
for SharePoint. Business Connectivity Services supports apps for SharePoint in two ways. First, BDC
models can be scoped to apps for SharePoint. Second, connection information is defined and stored
separately from the app-scoped BDC model in BDC connections.
About SharePoint app-scoped external content types and
connections
In SharePoint 2013, developers of apps for SharePoint can package BDC models in an app for
SharePoint. The Business Connectivity Services runtime then creates external content types that are
scoped to the app for SharePoint. This limits use of the external content type to the app for SharePoint.
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8
Connection properties can be specified in two ways, either in the BDC model that is contained in the
app for SharePoint or in a Business Connectivity Services connection settings object that is created and
stored in the Secure Store. Otherwise, if you connect to a data source that requires authentication, the
connection must be defined separately in the Business Connectivity Services layer by a developer.
Also, an OData connection must be used to connect the app for SharePoint to the external data source.
By defining the connections separately from the BDC models that are packaged within the app for
SharePoint, administrators can more easily manage connections to external systems. A Business
Connectivity Services connection settings object is a combination of the following:
A name for the connection.
The endpoint URL of the data source.
A declaration of the credential type and authentication method that will be used to authenticate with
the endpoint URL of the data source. You must use a credential type and authentication method
that is supported by the external data source. For example, you can declare that the connection will
use the credentials of the user that is logged in or a different set. Certificate details can be included
also.
When an administrator installs an app for SharePoint that needs to access a data feed through
Business Connectivity Services, the app for SharePoint must use a BDC connection. During
installation, the administrator must grant permission to the app for SharePoint to use the appropriate
BDC connection. Note that external content types created from an app-scoped BDC model are scoped
to only the app for SharePoint that contains the model. However, multiple apps for SharePoint — each
of which contains an app-scoped BDC model — can all point to the same Business Connectivity
Services connection settings object. In this way, connection settings can be reused across different
apps for SharePoint. For more information about what’s new for developers forapp-scoped external
content types and how to create a connection, see “App-Scoped External Content Types” in
What’s
new in Business Connectivity Services for developers in the MSDN Library. For a developer overview of
apps for SharePoint, see App-scoped external content types in SharePoint 2013
External list enhancements
SharePoint 2013 includes enhancements to external lists that bring them to functional parity with other
SharePoint lists.
Performance improvements in external lists
SharePoint 2013 introduces a number of improvements for external lists. These improvements reduce
the load on the database servers in the SharePoint farm and increase the speed of list rendering.
Performance is enhanced by having the external system do paging, filtering, and sorting of the external
list data before it is sent to SharePoint.
Limiting records returned by the external system
When a limit filter is defined for a BDC model, users can specify the number of records in the list that
they want displayed per page.
![](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download_crawler_static/7021717/bg11.jpg)
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Data source filtering
Users can use a drop-down list on a column in an external list to filter queries. Developers can prepare
Collaborative Application Markup Language (CAML) queries or calls to the SPList object model to filter
a list. In SharePoint 2013, if a data source filter is defined in the BDC model, the filtering occurs on the
external system before it is passed to SharePoint.
Sorting external lists
In SharePoint 2013, the user’s request to sort an external list is sent to the external system. The
external system sorts the data, and then sends it to the external list. To do this, the solution developer
adds a sort filter to the BDC model for each column in the external list that the developer wants users to
be able to sort. Sorting is applied on the entire dataset in the external system, instead of just the first set
of data retrieved. The result is an accurately sorted list that is displayed to the user. For more
information about paging, filtering, and sorting external lists, see “Enhanced Filtering, Sorting and
paging for external lists” in What’s new in Business Connectivity Services for developers
in the MSDN
Library.
Export external lists to Excel
In SharePoint 2013, you can export an external list to Excel 2010 or to Excel 2013. This works much
like exporting SharePoint native lists to Excel in SharePoint Server 2010. However, there are some
differences in how you control what gets exported and how you work with the exported data. By default,
exporting external lists is enabled. However, an administrator can disable this.
When you export an external list to Excel, you basically get the list as it is displayed in the browser. You
get only the data that is present in the selected view and the rows and columns in Excel will have the
same sorting and filtering applied as the external list. The column names in the exported data will have
the same language settings as the external list and the exported data is subject to any filters that are on
the external system.
The process of exporting data creates a one-way (external list to Excel) link between the external list
and the Excel version of the list. The Excel version can be refreshed at any time to reflect the current
state of the source external list. This means that any changes users might have made to the Excel
version are overwritten. Changes that are made in the Excel version are never pushed back up to the
source external list.
Business Connectivity Services in SharePoint Online
enhancements
All Office 365 for enterprises subscriptions include SharePoint Online. This version of SharePoint
Online introduces Business Connectivity Services to the Office 365 users. By using this version, you will
be able to bring external data into SharePoint Online from cloud-based data sources and from data
sources that are behind your company’s firewall in a hybrid scenario. Microsoft Business Connectivity
Services can consume data sources that are exposed as WCF services, SQL Azure data services,
OData endpoints, and web services.
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