深入探索ASP.NET MVC4

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"Pro ASP.NET MVC 4 4th Edition 是一本深入介绍ASP.NET MVC 4框架的专业电子文档，由Apress出版社出版。该书旨在帮助开发者理解和掌握使用ASP.NET MVC 4构建Web应用程序的核心技术和实践。" 在本书中，作者详细介绍了ASP.NET MVC 4的各个方面，包括模式、语言特性、工具以及实际应用案例。以下是各章节的主要内容概览： 1. **第1章：核心理念** - 解释了ASP.NET MVC框架的基本概念和它与传统ASP.NET Web Forms的区别，阐述了MVC模式（Model-View-Controller）的优势。 2. **第2章：首个MVC应用** - 指导读者创建第一个简单的ASP.NET MVC应用，涵盖了项目设置、基本结构和运行流程。 3. **第3章：MVC模式** - 深入探讨MVC架构，包括模型、视图和控制器各自的职责和它们之间的交互。 4. **第4章：基础语言特性** - 介绍了C#语言的关键特性，这些特性在ASP.NET MVC开发中不可或缺。 5. **第5章：使用Razor** - 讲解Razor视图引擎的语法和用法，它是ASP.NET MVC中用于创建动态视图的首选方式。 6. **第6章：MVC必备工具** - 探讨了开发环境的配置、调试技巧、测试策略和其他提高开发效率的工具。 7. **第7章：SportsStore - 真实应用** - 通过构建一个体育用品商店应用，实践了ASP.NET MVC的完整开发流程。 8. **第8章：SportsStore：导航** - 展示了如何在SportsStore应用中实现导航结构和用户体验优化。 9. **第9章：SportsStore：完成购物车** - 讨论了购物车功能的实现，包括添加、修改和移除商品。 10. **第10章：SportsStore：管理界面** - 设计和实现了后台管理界面，用于商品管理和订单处理。 11. **第11章：SportsStore：安全性和收尾工作** - 介绍了身份验证、授权和安全性最佳实践，以及应用的完善和优化。 12. **第12章：MVC项目概览** - 提供了对MVC项目结构和配置的深入理解，帮助读者更好地组织和管理项目。 13. **第14章：高级路由特性** - 讨论了URL路由的高级话题，如路由约束、默认值和重定向。 14. **第15章：控制器和操作** - 深入探讨控制器的生命周期、操作方法以及如何处理HTTP请求。 15. **第16章：过滤器** - 介绍了动作过滤器的概念，如授权、缓存、日志记录等，以及如何自定义过滤器。 16. **第17章：控制器扩展性** - 讨论了如何扩展控制器的功能，以适应复杂应用的需求。这本书对于想要提升ASP.NET MVC技能的开发者来说是一份宝贵的资源，它不仅覆盖了从基础到高级的全面知识，还提供了实战案例来巩固学习成果。通过阅读和实践，读者可以系统地学习并掌握ASP.NET MVC 4的开发技术。

CHAPTER 1  WHAT’S THE BIG IDEA?

Comparisons with Ruby on Rails

Rails has become a benchmark against which other Web platforms are compared. Developers and

companies who are in the Microsoft .NET world will find ASP.NET MVC far easier to adopt and learn,

whereas developers and companies that work in Python or Ruby on Linux or Mac OS X will find an easier

path to Rails. It’s unlikely that you would migrate from Rails to ASP.NET MVC or vice versa. There are some

real differences in scope between the two technologies.

Rails is a holistic development platform, meaning that it handles the complete stack, right from

database source control, through ORM, to handling requests with controllers and actions—all topped off

with built-in automated testing tools.

The ASP.NET MVC Framework focuses on handling Web requests in an MVC-pattern with controllers

and actions. It does not have a built-in ORM tool, a built-in automated testing tool, or a system for

managing database migrations. This is because the .NET platform already has an enormous range of

choices for these functions, and you can use any of them. For example, if you’re looking for an ORM tool,

you might use NHibernate, Subsonic, Microsoft’s Entity Framework, or one of the many other mature

solutions available. Such is the luxury of the .NET platform, although this does mean that these

components are not as tightly integrated into ASP.NET MVC as the equivalents are into Rails.

Comparisons with MonoRail

MonoRail is an earlier .NET-based MVC Web application platform, created as part of the open source

Castle project and in development since 2003. In many ways, MonoRail acted as the prototype for

ASP.NET MVC. MonoRail demonstrated how a Rails-like MVC architecture could be built on top of

ASP.NET and established patterns, practices, and terminology that are used throughout Microsoft’s

implementation.

We don’t see MonoRail as a serious competitor. It is probably the most popular .NET Web application

platform created outside Redmond, and it did achieve reasonably widespread adoption in its day.

However, since the launch of ASP.NET MVC, the MonoRail project is rarely heard of. The momentum of

enthusiasm and innovation in the .NET Web development world is now focused on ASP.NET MVC.

What’s New in ASP.NET MVC 4?

Version 4 of the MVC Framework provides a number of improvements over version 3. There are some

significant new features such as support for Web API applications (which we describe in Chapter 25),

support for mobile devices (Chapter 24) and some useful optimization techniques for sending content to

clients (Chapter 24).

In addition, there are lots of small improvements, such as a simplified syntax for Razor views, a better

organized system for providing core configuration information in MVC applications and some new

template options for Visual Studio MVC projects.

Summary

In this chapter, we have described how Web development has evolved at tremendous speed from the

primordial swamp of the CGI executable to the latest high-performance, standards-compliant, agile

platforms. We reviewed the strengths, weaknesses, and limitations of ASP.NET Web Forms, Microsoft’s

main Web platform since 2002, and the changes in the wider Web development industry that forced

Microsoft to respond with something new.

You saw how the ASP.NET MVC platform addresses the weaknesses of ASP.NET Web Forms, and how

its modern design delivers advantages to developers who want to write high-quality, maintainable code.

In the next chapter, you’ll see the MVC Framework in action, learning the simple mechanisms that

yield all these benefits. By Chapter 7, you’ll be ready for a realistic e-commerce application built with a

clean architecture, proper separation of concerns, automated tests, and beautifully minimal markup.

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CHAPTER 2





Your First MVC Application

The best way to appreciate a software development framework is to jump right in and use it. In this

chapter, you’ll create a simple data-entry application using the ASP.NET MVC Framework. We will take

things a step at a time so you can see how an ASP.NET MVC application is constructed. To keep things

simple, we will skip over some of the technical details for the moment; but don’t worry—if you are new to

MVC, you will find plenty to keep you interested. Where we use something without explaining it, we

provide a reference to the chapter in which you can find all the details.

Preparing the Workstation

The only preparation you need to make to develop MVC 4 application is to install Visual Studio 2012,

which contains everything you need to get started, including a built-in application server for running and

debugging your MVC applications, an administration-free edition of SQL Server for developing database-

driven applications, tools for unit testing and—of course—a code editor compiler and debugger.

There are several different editions of Visual Studio 2012, but we will be using the one that Microsoft

makes available free-of-charge, called Visual Studio Express 2012 for Web. Microsoft adds some nice

features to the paid-for editions of Visual Studio, but you will not need them for this book and all of figures

that you see throughout this book have been taken using the Express edition, which you can download

from http://www.microsoft.com/visualstudio/eng/products/visual-studio-express-products. There are

several different versions of Visual Studio 2012 Express, each of which is used for a different kind of

development—make sure that you get the Web version, which supports MVC applications.

Once you have installed Visual Studio, you are ready to go. Microsoft has really improved the scope of

the features in the Visual Studio Express and there is nothing else you need to follow along with this book.

 Tip We have used Windows 8 throughout this book, but you can use Visual Studio 2012 and develop MVC 4

applications quite happily on earlier versions of Windows. See the system requirements for Visual Studio 2012 for

details of which versions and patch levels are supported).

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