OpenStack冰屋(Icehouse)版本配置详解

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"OpenStack icehouse版本配置说明手册是关于OpenStack Icehouse版本的英文配置文档，涵盖块存储、计算、控制面板、数据库服务、身份认证、镜像服务、网络、对象存储以及编排等核心组件的详细配置指南。这份手册面向系统管理员，提供OpenStack配置选项的查阅，通过自动生成的方式列出各个项目的配置选项及其描述，并包含示例配置文件。文档遵循Apache License 2.0开源协议。" OpenStack Icehouse是OpenStack的第9个发布版本，发布于2014年4月。这个版本引入了多项新功能和改进，以增强云平台的稳定性和性能。以下是一些关键组件的配置知识点： 1. **块存储(Cinder)**：Cinder用于提供可插拔的块设备管理，如云硬盘。配置Cinder涉及设置后端存储驱动（如LVM、Swift或NFS）、卷类型、调度策略等。管理员需要配置`cinder.conf`文件，定义存储驱动、认证信息、日志级别和其他高级选项。 2. **计算(Nova)**：Nova是OpenStack的核心组件，负责虚拟机实例的生命周期管理。配置Nova涉及网络、调度器、计算节点等多个模块。例如，管理员需要配置`nova.conf`来设定网络模型（如FlatDHCP或VLAN）、调度策略、数据库连接、计算驱动等。 3. **控制面板(Horizon)**：Horizon提供了一个Web界面来管理OpenStack服务。配置Horizon涉及设置URL、认证信息、主题、时区等。在`local_settings.py`文件中可以进行这些配置。 4. **数据库服务(Trove)**：Trove提供了数据库即服务的功能，支持多种数据库引擎。配置Trove涉及设置数据库驱动、备份策略、实例大小限制等。在`trove.conf`中进行相关配置。 5. **身份认证(Keystone)**：Keystone是OpenStack的服务目录和认证中心。配置Keystone涉及设置身份验证方法、服务端点、租户和用户管理。`keystone.conf`文件是主要的配置源。 6. **镜像服务(Glance)**：Glance用于存储和检索虚拟机镜像。配置Glance涉及设置后端存储（如Swift、HTTP或本地文件系统）和镜像格式。在`glance-api.conf`和`glance-registry.conf`中进行配置。 7. **网络(Neutron)**：Neutron提供网络服务，支持网络隔离和负载均衡。配置Neutron包括选择网络插件（如Open vSwitch或ML2）、设置网络段、配置DHCP和DNS服务等。主要配置文件有`neutron.conf`和插件特定的配置文件。 8. **对象存储(Swift)**：Swift提供了分布式对象存储服务。配置Swift涉及存储策略、复制、分区策略等。主要的配置文件是`swift.conf`和`proxy-server.conf`。 9. **编排(Heat)**：Heat允许创建和管理基于模板的复杂云资源编排。配置Heat涉及设置API端点、资源类型和模板选项。`heat.conf`是主要配置文件。每个组件的配置都需要根据具体环境进行调整，如资源限制、安全策略、性能优化等。管理员应仔细阅读手册，理解每个选项的含义和影响，确保OpenStack集群的高效运行和稳定性。同时，OpenStack社区不断更新和完善文档，所以保持对最新版本的跟踪也是至关重要的。

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OpenStack Configuration

Reference

June 1, 2015 icehouse

OpenStack configuration overview

OpenStack is a collection of open source project components that enable setting up cloud

services. Each component uses similar configuration techniques and a common framework

for INI file options.

This guide pulls together multiple references and configuration options for the following

OpenStack components:

• OpenStack Block Storage

• OpenStack Compute

• OpenStack Dashboard

• Database Service

• OpenStack Identity

• OpenStack Image Service

• OpenStack Networking

• OpenStack Object Storage

• Telemetry

• Orchestration

Conventions

The OpenStack documentation uses several typesetting conventions.

Notices

Notices take three forms:

Note

The information in a note is usually in the form of a handy tip or reminder.

Important

The information in an important notice is something you must be aware of

before proceeding.

Warning

The information in warnings is critical. Warnings provide additional information

about risk of data loss or security issues.

OpenStack Configuration

Reference

June 1, 2015 icehouse

Command prompts

Commands prefixed with the # prompt are to be executed by the root user. These

examples can also be executed by using the sudo command, if available.

Commands prefixed with the $ prompt can be executed by any user, including root.

Document change history

This version of the guide replaces and obsoletes all previous versions. The following table

describes the most recent changes:

Revision Date Summary of Changes

April 16, 2014 • Update for Icehouse: Updated all configuration tables, include sample configuration files,

add chapters for Database Service, Orchestration, and Telemetry.

March 11, 2014 • Sorted component listing. Moved procedures to the Cloud Administrator Guide

January 9, 2014 • Removes content addressed in installation, merges duplicated content, and revises legacy

references.

October 17, 2013 • Havana release.

August 16, 2013 • Moves Block Storage driver configuration information from the Block Storage

Administration Guide to this reference.

June 10, 2013 • Initial creation of Configuration Reference.

Configuration file format

OpenStack uses the INI file format for configuration files. An INI file is a simple text file

that specifies options as key=value pairs, grouped into sections. The DEFAULT section

contains most of the configuration options. Lines starting with a hash sign (#) are comment

lines. For example:

[DEFAULT]

# Print debugging output (set logging level to DEBUG instead

# of default WARNING level). (boolean value)

debug = true

# Print more verbose output (set logging level to INFO instead

# of default WARNING level). (boolean value)

verbose = true

[database]

# The SQLAlchemy connection string used to connect to the

# database (string value)

connection = mysql://keystone:KEYSTONE_DBPASS@controller/keystone

Options can have different type for values. The comments in the sample config files always

mention these. The following types are used by OpenStack:

boolean value Enables or disables an option. The allowed values are true

and false.

# Enable the experimental use of database reconnect

# connection lost (boolean value)

use_db_reconnect = false

OpenStack Configuration

Reference

June 1, 2015 icehouse

Sections

Configuration options are grouped by section. Most configuration file supports at least the

following sections:

[DEFAULT] Contains most configuration options. If the documentation for a

configuration option does not specify its section, assume that it appears in

this section.

[database] Configuration options for the database that stores the state of the

OpenStack service.

Substitution

The configuration file supports variable substitution. After you set a configuration option,

it can be referenced in later configuration values when you precede it with a $, like

$OPTION.

The following example uses the values of rabbit_host and rabbit_port to define the

value of the rabbit_hosts option, in this case as controller:5672.

# The RabbitMQ broker address where a single node is used.

# (string value)

rabbit_host = controller

# The RabbitMQ broker port where a single node is used.

# (integer value)

rabbit_port = 5672

# RabbitMQ HA cluster host:port pairs. (list value)

rabbit_hosts = $rabbit_host:$rabbit_port

To avoid substitution, use $$, it is replaced by a single $. For example, if your LDAP DNS

password is $xkj432, specify it, as follows:

ldap_dns_password = $$xkj432

The code uses the Python string.Template.safe_substitute() method to

implement variable substitution. For more details on how variable substitution is resolved,

see http://docs.python.org/2/library/string.html#template-strings and PEP 292.

Whitespace

To include whitespace in a configuration value, use a quoted string. For example:

ldap_dns_passsword='a password with spaces'

Define an alternate location for a config file

Most services and the and the *-manage command-line clients load the configuration

file. To define an alternate location for the configuration file, pass the --config-file

CONFIG_FILE parameter when you start a service or call a *-manage command.

OpenStack Configuration

Reference

June 1, 2015 icehouse

1. Block Storage

Table of Contents

Introduction to the Block Storage service ........................................................................ 1

cinder.conf configuration file ..................................................................................... 2

Volume drivers ................................................................................................................ 3

Backup drivers ............................................................................................................... 77

Block Storage sample configuration files ........................................................................ 79

Log files used by Block Storage ................................................................................... 121

Fibre Channel Zone Manager ...................................................................................... 121

Additional options ....................................................................................................... 123

New, updated and deprecated options for cinder ........................................................ 136

The OpenStack Block Storage service works with many different storage drivers that you

can configure by using these instructions.

Introduction to the Block Storage service

The OpenStack Block Storage service provides persistent block storage resources that

OpenStack Compute instances can consume. This includes secondary attached storage

similar to the Amazon Elastic Block Storage (EBS) offering. In addition, you can write

images to a Block Storage device for Compute to use as a bootable persistent instance.

The Block Storage service differs slightly from the Amazon EBS offering. The Block Storage

service does not provide a shared storage solution like NFS. With the Block Storage service,

you can attach a device to only one instance.

The Block Storage service provides:

• cinder-api. A WSGI app that authenticates and routes requests throughout the Block

Storage service. It supports the OpenStack APIs only, although there is a translation that

can be done through Compute's EC2 interface, which calls in to the Block Storage client.

• cinder-scheduler. Schedules and routes requests to the appropriate volume service.

Depending upon your configuration, this may be simple round-robin scheduling to the

running volume services, or it can be more sophisticated through the use of the Filter

Scheduler. The Filter Scheduler is the default and enables filters on things like Capacity,

Availability Zone, Volume Types, and Capabilities as well as custom filters.

• cinder-volume. Manages Block Storage devices, specifically the back-end devices

themselves.

• cinder-backup. Provides a means to back up a Block Storage Volume to OpenStack

Object Store (SWIFT).

The Block Storage service contains the following components:

• Back-end Storage Devices. The Block Storage service requires some form of back-end

storage that the service is built on. The default implementation is to use LVM on a local

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