GSM 03.60版7.1.1 GPRS服务规范概述

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GSM数字蜂窝通信系统GPRS协议规范0360v070101p.pdf 是一份由欧洲电信标准研究所（ETSI）发布的标准文档，它关注的是第二阶段（Stage 2）的GSM（全球移动通信系统）技术，具体是GSM 03.60版本的第七修订版，于1998年发布，编号为EN 301 344 V7.1.1。这份标准主要描述了GSM网络中的通用分组无线服务（GPRS）的详细服务描述，它是GSM网络向数据传输能力的扩展，允许更高的数据速率和更高效的信息传递。 GPRS是一种基于GSM网络的分组数据传输技术，它利用了GSM的空闲模式和连接模式，能够在不影响语音通话的情况下提供高速数据服务。GPRS通过帧传输数据，每个帧包含一定数量的数据单元，支持实时性和服务质量的设置，适合于诸如电子邮件、网页浏览、文件传输等数据密集型应用。在本规范中，你将发现以下关键知识点： 1. **GSM体系结构**：GSM03.60版本详细定义了GPRS在GSM网络中的角色，包括它如何与电路交换（CS）部分协同工作，以及它如何通过GSM的时隙分配和切换机制来提供分组数据服务。 2. **服务描述**：文档详述了GPRS服务的功能特性，如接入方式、数据速率、服务质量参数，以及用户终端和网络之间的交互过程。 3. **协议栈和接口**：GSM 03.60规范涉及了GPRS的协议栈，包括GPRS隧道协议（GTP）、无线应用协议（RCP/RAC），以及与外部网络的连接接口，如互联网。 4. **安全与加密**：标准可能包含GPRS的安全措施，如鉴权和加密技术，以保护数据传输的安全性。 5. **性能指标**：文档中会提到GPRS的吞吐量、延迟、可靠性和网络容量等相关性能指标。 6. **标准化过程和版权信息**：标准提供了获取更多电子版或打印版的途径，并鼓励读者对任何发现的错误提出反馈，体现了ETSI致力于保持技术更新和质量的承诺。 GSM数字蜂窝通信系统GPRS协议规范0360v070101p.pdf是移动通信领域的重要参考资料，对于开发GPRS设备、网络运营商优化服务，以及研究者理解GSM网络演进都具有重要意义。通过深入学习这份标准，可以全面了解GPRS技术如何提升移动通信的效率和灵活性。

ETSI

ETSI EN 301 344 V7.1.1 (2000-01)16(GSM 03.60 version 7.1.1 Release 1998)

User network access may occur from either the mobile side or the fixed side of the GPRS network. The fixed network

interface may support multiple access protocols to external data networks, for example X.25 or IP. The set of access

protocols to be supported is determined by the PLMN operator.

Individual PLMN administrations may require specific access-control procedures in order to limit the set of users

permitted to access the network, or to restrict the capabilities of individual users, for example by limiting the type of

service available to an individual subscriber. Such access control procedures are beyond the scope of the GPRS

specifications.

In addition to the standard PTP data transfer, GPRS may support anonymous access to the network. The service allows

an MS to exchange data packets with a predefined host that can be addressed by the supported interworking protocols.

Only a limited number of destination PDP addresses can be used within this service. IMSI or IMEI shall not be used

when accessing the network thus guaranteeing a high level of anonymity. Therefore, no authentication and ciphering

functionalities are foreseen for anonymous access.

5.3.1.1 Registration Function

Registration is the means by which a user's Mobile Id is associated with the user's packet data protocol(s) and

address(es) within the PLMN, and with the user's access point(s) to the external PDP network. The association can be

static, i.e., stored in an HLR, or dynamic, i.e., allocated on a per need basis.

5.3.1.2 Authentication and Authorisation Function

This function performs the identification and authentication of the service requester, and the validation of the service

request type to ensure that the user is authorised to use the particular network services. The authentication function is

performed in association with the Mobility Management functions.

5.3.1.3 Admission Control Function

The purpose of admission control is to calculate which network resources are required to provide the quality of service

(QoS) requested, determine if those resources are available, and then reserve those resources. Admission control is

performed in association with the Radio Resource Management functions in order to estimate the radio resource

requirements within each cell.

5.3.1.4 Message Screening Function

A screening function concerned with filtering out unauthorised or unsolicited messages is required. This should be

supported through packet filtering functions. Network-controlled screening is supported in the first phase of GPRS.

Subscription-controlled and user-controlled screening may be provided in a later phase.

5.3.1.5 Packet Terminal Adaptation Function

This function adapts data packets received / transmitted from / to terminal equipment to a form suitable for transmission

across the GPRS network.

5.3.1.6 Charging Data Collection Function

This function collects data necessary to support subscription and/or traffic fees.

5.3.2 Packet Routeing and Transfer Functions

A route is an ordered list of nodes used for the transfer of messages within and between the PLMN(s). Each route

consists of the originating node, zero or more relay nodes and the destination node. Routeing is the process of

determining and using, in accordance with a set of rules, the route for transmission of a message within and between the

PLMN(s).

5.3.2.1 Relay Function

The relay function is the means by which a node forwards data received from one node to the next node in the route.

ETSI

ETSI EN 301 344 V7.1.1 (2000-01)17(GSM 03.60 version 7.1.1 Release 1998)

5.3.2.2 Routeing Function

The routeing function determines the network node to which a message should be forwarded and the underlying

service(s) used to reach that GPRS Support Node (GSN), using the destination address of the message. The routeing

function selects the transmission path for the "next hop" in the route.

Data transmission between GSNs may occur across external data networks that provide their own internal routeing

functions, for example X.25, Frame Relay or ATM networks.

5.3.2.3 Address Translation and Mapping Function

Address translation is the conversion of one address to another address of a different type. Address translation may be

used to convert an external network protocol address into an internal network address that can be used for routeing

packets within and between the PLMN(s).

Address mapping is used to map a network address to another network address of the same type for the routeing and

relaying of messages within and between the PLMN(s), for example to forward packets from one network node to

another.

5.3.2.4 Encapsulation Function

Encapsulation is the addition of address and control information to a data unit for routeing packets within and between

the PLMN(s). Decapsulation is the removal of the addressing and control information from a packet to reveal the

original data unit.

Encapsulation and decapsulation are performed between the support nodes of the GPRS PLMN(s), and between the

serving support node and the MS.

5.3.2.5 Tunnelling Function

Tunnelling is the transfer of encapsulated data units within and between the PLMN(s) from the point of encapsulation to

the point of decapsulation. A tunnel is a two-way point-to-point path. Only the tunnel endpoints are identified.

5.3.2.6 Compression Function

The compression function optimises use of radio path capacity by transmitting as little of the SDU (i.e., the exterior PDP

PDU) as possible while at the same time as preserving the information contained within it.

5.3.2.7 Ciphering Function

The ciphering function preserves the confidentiality of user data and signalling across the radio channels and inherently

protects the PLMN from intruders.

5.3.2.8 Domain Name Server Function

The Domain Name Server function resolves logical GSN names to GSN addresses. This function is standard Internet

functionality according to [43], which allows to resolve any name for GSNs and other GPRS nodes within the GPRS

backbone networks.

5.3.3 Mobility Management Functions

The mobility management functions are used to keep track of the current location of an MS within the PLMN or within

another PLMN.

5.3.4 Logical Link Management Functions

Logical link management functions are concerned with the maintenance of a communication channel between an

individual MS and the PLMN across the radio interface. These functions involve the co-ordination of link state

information between the MS and the PLMN as well as the supervision of data transfer activity over the logical link.

ETSI

ETSI EN 301 344 V7.1.1 (2000-01)18(GSM 03.60 version 7.1.1 Release 1998)

Refer to GSM 04.64 [15] for further information.

5.3.4.1 Logical Link Establishment Function

Logical link establishment is performed when the MS attaches to the GPRS service.

5.3.4.2 Logical Link Maintenance Functions

Logical link maintenance functions supervise the logical link status and control link state changes.

5.3.4.3 Logical Link Release Function

The logical link release function is used to de-allocate resources associated with the logical link connection.

5.3.5 Radio Resource Management Functions

Radio resource management functions are concerned with the allocation and maintenance of radio communication paths.

GSM radio resources is shared between the circuit mode (voice and data) services and the GPRS.

Refer to GSM 03.64 for further information.

5.3.5.1 Um Management Function

This function manages the set of physical channels used in each cell and determines the amount of radio resources to be

allocated for GPRS use. The amount of radio resources allocated for GPRS may vary from cell to cell depending upon

local user demand or other policies established by the PLMN operator.

5.3.5.2 Cell Selection Function

This function enables the MS to select the optimal cell for use in establishing a communication path with the PLMN.

This involves the measurement and evaluation of signal quality from nearby cells as well as the detection and avoidance

of congestion within candidate cells.

Refer to GSM 03.22 [7] and GSM 03.64 for further information.

5.3.5.3 Um-tranx Function

The Um-tranx function provides packet data transfer capability across the radio interface between the MS and the BSS.

This function includes procedures that:

- Provide medium access control over radio channels.

- Provide packet multiplexing over common physical radio channels.

- Provide packet discrimination within the MS.

- Provide error detection and correction.

- Provide flow control procedures.

5.3.5.4 Path Management Function

This function manages the packet data communication paths between the BSS and the serving GSN nodes. The

establishment and release of these paths may be dynamic based upon the amount of data traffic or may be static based

upon the maximum expected load within each cell.

5.3.6 Network Management Functions

Network management functions provide mechanisms to support O&M functions related to GPRS.

ETSI

ETSI EN 301 344 V7.1.1 (2000-01)19(GSM 03.60 version 7.1.1 Release 1998)

5.4 Logical Architecture

GPRS is logically implemented on the GSM structure through the addition of two network nodes, the Serving GPRS

Support Node and the Gateway GPRS Support Node. It is necessary to name a number of new interfaces. No inference

should be drawn about the physical configuration on an interface from Figure 2.

Signalling and Data Transfer Interface

Signalling Interface

SC/VLR

TE MT BSS TE

PDN

Other PLMN

SGSN

GGSN

M-SC

SMS-GMSC

SMS-IWMSC

GSN

SGSN

Figure 2: Overview of the GPRS Logical Architecture

5.4.1 GPRS Support Nodes

A GPRS Support Node (GSN) contains functionality required to support GPRS. In one PLMN, there may be more than

one GSN.

The Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) is the node that is accessed by the packet data network due to evaluation of

the PDP address. It contains routeing information for attached GPRS users. The routeing information is used to tunnel

PDUs to the MS's current point of attachment, i.e., the Serving GPRS Support Node. The GGSN may request location

information from the HLR via the optional Gc interface. The GGSN is the first point of PDN interconnection with a

GSM PLMN supporting GPRS (i.e., the Gi reference point is supported by the GGSN).

The Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) is the node that is serving the MS (i.e., the Gb interface is supported by the

SGSN). At GPRS attach, the SGSN establishes a mobility management context containing information pertaining to

e.g., mobility and security for the MS. At PDP Context Activation, the SGSN establishes a PDP context, to be used for

routeing purposes, with the GGSN that the GPRS subscriber will be using.

The SGSN and GGSN functionalities may be combined in the same physical node, or they may reside in different

physical nodes. SGSN and GGSN contain IP routeing functionality, and they may be interconnected with IP routers.

When SGSN and GGSN are in different PLMNs, they are interconnected via the Gp interface. The Gp interface

provides the functionality of the Gn interface, plus security functionality required for inter-PLMN communication. The

security functionality is based on mutual agreements between operators.

The SGSN may send location information to the MSC/VLR via the optional Gs interface. The SGSN may receive

paging requests from the MSC/VLR via the Gs interface.

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