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Physically-Based Rendering - From Theory To Implementation .pdf

rendering;

graphics

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对于理解渲染的各个部分，构建渲染器很有用，特别是在体渲染方面，提供了很详细的介绍。

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DRAFT (4 November 2003) — Do Not Distribute

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1 Introduction 1

1.1 Approaching the System 1

1.2 Rendering and the Ray–Tracing Algorithm 5

1.3 System Overview 5

1.4 How To Proceed Through This Book 21

2 Geometry and Transformations 25

2.1 Vectors 27

2.2 Points 33

2.3 Normals 34

2.4 Rays 35

2.5 Three-dimensional bounding boxes 38

2.6 Transformations 41

2.7 Applying Transforms 52

2.8 Differential Geometry 57

3 Shapes 63

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iv Contents

3.1 Basic Shape Interface 63

3.2 Spheres 68

3.3 Cylinders 78

3.4 Disks 82

3.5 Other Quadrics 85

3.6 Triangles and Meshes 87

3.7 ***ADV***: Subdivision Surfaces 98

4 Primitives and Intersection Acceleration 129

4.1 Geometric Primitives 130

4.2 Aggregates 135

4.3 Grid Accelerator 138

4.4 Kd-Tree Accelerator 152

5 Color and Radiometry 177

5.1 Spectral Representation 177

5.2 Basic Radiometry 185

5.3 Working with Radiometric Integrals 190

5.4 Surface Reﬂection 194

6 Camera Models 201

6.1 Camera Model 201

6.2 Projective Camera Models 205

6.3 Environment Camera 217

7 Sampling and Reconstruction 221

7.1 Fourier Theory 222

7.2 Sampling Theory 225

7.3 Image Sampling Interface 236

7.4 Stratiﬁed Sampling 242

7.5 ***ADV***: Low-Discrepancy Sequences 252

7.6 ***ADV***: Best-Candidate Sampling Patterns 265

7.7 Image Reconstruction 279

8 Film and the Imaging Pipeline 293

8.1 Film Interface 294

8.2 Image Film 295

8.3 ***ADV***: Perceptual Issues and Tone Mapping 303

8.4 Device RGB Conversion and Output 322

Contents v

9 Reﬂection Models 329

9.1 Basic Interface 334

9.2 Specular Reﬂection and Transmission 337

9.3 Lambertian Reﬂection 351

9.4 Microfacet Models 352

9.5 Lafortune Model 362

9.6 Fresnel Incidence Effects 364

10 Materials 369

10.1 BSDFs 369

10.2 Material Interface and Bump Mapping 374

10.3 Matte 381

10.4 Plastic 382

10.5 Translucent 383

10.6 Glass 384

10.7 Mirror 385

10.8 Shiny Metal 386

10.9 Diffuse Substrate 387

10.10 Measured Data 388

10.11 Uber Material 390

11 Texture 393

11.1 Texture Interface and Basic Textures 394

11.2 Sampling and Anti-Aliasing 397

11.3 Texture Coordinate Generation 405

11.4 Interpolated Textures 410

11.5 Image Texture 412

11.6 Solid and Procedural Texturing 431

11.7 Noise 440

12 ***ADV***: Volume Scattering 457

12.1 ***ADV***: Volume Scattering Processes 458

12.2 ***ADV***: Phase Functions 463

12.3 ***ADV***: Volume Interface and Homogeneous Volumes 465

12.4 ***ADV***: Varying-Density Volumes 468

12.5 ***ADV***: Volume Aggregates 472

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2016-10-10

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Physically-Based.Rendering.-.From.Theory.To.Implementation.pdf

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