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IEEE.802.15.4-2006.pdf
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IEEE 802.15.4 网络是指在一个 POS内使用相同无线信道并通过 IEEE 802.15.4 标准相互通信的一组设备的集合, 又名 LR-WPAN网络。在这个网络中, 根据设备 所具有的通信能力,可以分为全功能设备( full- device , FFD)和精简功能设 备(reduced- device , RFD )。FFD设备之间以及 FFD设备与 RFD设备之间都 可以通信。RFD设备之间不能直接通信, 只能与 FFD设备通信,或者通过一个 FFD 设备向外转发数据。这个与 RFD相关联的 FFD设备称为该 RFD的协调器 (coordinator )。RFD设备主要用于简单的控制应用,如灯的开关、被动式红 外线传感器等,传输的数据量较少,对传输资源和通信资源占用不多,这样 RFD 设备可以采用非常廉价的实现方案。 IEEE 802.15.4 网络中,有一个称为 PAN网络协调器( PAN coordinator )的 FFD 设备,是 LR-WPAN网络中的主控制器。 PAN网络协调器(以后简称网络协调器) 除了直接参与应用以外, 还要完成成员身份管理、 链路状态信息管理以及分组转 发等任务。 无线通信信道的特征是动态变化的。 节点位置或天线方向的微小改变、 物体移动 等周围环境的变化都有可能引起通信链路信号强度和质量的剧烈变化, 因而无线 通信的覆盖范围不是确定的。 这就造成了 LR-WPAN网络中设备的数量以及它们之 间关系的动态变化。
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IEEE Std 802.15.4
™
-2006
(Revision of
IEEE Std 802.15.4-2003)
IEEE Standard for
Information technology—
Telecommunications and information
exchange between systems—
Local and metropolitan area networks—
Specific requirements
Part 15.4: Wireless Medium Access Control
(MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY)
Specifications for Low-Rate Wireless
Personal Area Networks (WPANs)
I E E E
3 Park Avenue
New York, NY 10016-5997, USA
8 September 2006
IEEE Computer Society
Sponsored by the
LAN/MAN Standards Committee


The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA
Copyright © 2006 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
All rights reserved. Published 8 September 2006. Printed in the United States of America.
IEEE and 802 are registered trademarks in the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office, owned by the Institute of Electrical and
Electronics Engineers, Incorporated.
Print: ISBN 0-7381-4996-9 SH95552
PDF: ISBN 0-7381-4997-7 SS95552
No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior
written permission of the publisher.
IEEE Std 802.15.4™-2006
(Revision of
IEEE Std 802.15.4-2003)
IEEE Standard for
Information technology—
Telecommunications and information exchange
between systems—
Local and metropolitan area networks—
Specific requirements—
Part 15.4: Wireless Medium Access Control
(MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY)
Specifications for Low-Rate Wireless
Personal Area Networks (WPANs)
Sponsor
LAN/MAN Standards Committee
of the
IEEE Computer Society
Approved 7 June 2006
IEEE-SA Standards Board
Abstract: IEEE Std 802.15.4-2003 defined the protocol and compatible interconnection for data
communication devices using low-data-rate, low-power, and low-complexity short-range radio
frequency (RF) transmissions in a wireless personal area network (WPAN). This revision extends
the market applicability of IEEE Std 802.15.4, removes ambiguities in the standard, and makes
improvements revealed by implementations of IEEE Std 802.15.4-2003.
Keywords: ad hoc network, low data rate, low power, LR-WPAN, mobility, PAN, personal area
network, radio frequency, RF, short range, wireless, wireless personal area network, WPAN

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Copyright © 2006 IEEE. All rights reserved. iii
Introduction
This standard defines the protocol and interconnection of devices via radio communication in a personal
area network (PAN). The standard uses carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA-CA)
medium access mechanism and supports star as well as peer-to-peer topologies. The media access is
contention based; however, using the optional superframe structure, time slots can be allocated by the PAN
coordinator to devices with time critical data. Connectivity to higher performance networks is provided
through a PAN coordinator.
This revision was initiated to incorporate additional features and enhancements as well as some
simplifications to the 2003 edition of this standard. The standard now includes two optional physical layers
(PHYs) yielding higher data rates in the lower frequency bands and, therefore, specifies the following four
PHYs:
— An 868/915 MHz direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) PHY employing binary phase-shift
keying (BPSK) modulation
— An 868/915 MHz DSSS PHY employing offset quadrature phase-shift keying (O-QPSK)
modulation
— An 868/915 MHz parallel sequence spread spectrum (PSSS) PHY employing BPSK and amplitude
shift keying (ASK) modulation
— A 2450 MHz DSSS PHY employing O-QPSK modulation
The 868/915 MHz PHYs support over-the-air data rates of 20 kb/s, 40 kb/s, and optionally 100kb/s and
250kb/s. The 2450 MHz PHY supports an over-the-air data rate of 250 kb/s. The PHY chosen depends on
local regulations and user preference.
This revision also incorporates the following additions and enhancements to the 2003 edition:
— Adds support for a shared time base through the addition of a data time stamping mechanism
— Adds extensions of the 2.4GHz derivative modulation yielding higher data rates at the lower
frequency bands
— Incorporates a mechanism for communicating the revision level on a frame-by-frame basis
— Adds support for beacon scheduling
— Allows synchronization of broadcast messages in beacon-enabled PANs
— Improves usage of security suite
Also, this revision incorporates the following changes and simplifications:
— Makes GTS support optional
— Removes restrictions for manually enabling the receiver
— Simplifies passive and active scan procedures
— Allows for more flexibility in the CSMA-CA algorithm
— Reduces association time in nonbeacon networks
This revision is backward-compatible to the 2003 edition; in other words, devices conforming to this
standard are capable of joining and functioning in a PAN composed of devices conforming to
IEEE Std 802.15.4-2003.
This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 802.15.4-2006, IEEE Standard for Information technology—Telecom-
munications and information exchange between systems—Local and metropolitan area networks—Specific
requirements—Part 15.4: Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for
Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs).
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