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Aardvark

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Aardvark I

C/SPI Embedded Systems Interface

Features

• I

C – Two wire interface

• Standard mode (100 kbps) and fast mode (400 kbps)

• Variable bitrate (1-800 kbps)

• Byte throughput rates are near theoretical maximums

• Master transmit and receive

• Asynchronous slave transmit and receive

• Repeated start, 10-bit addressing, and combined format

• SPI – 4 wire serial communication protocol

• Up to 8 Mbps master signaling rate

• Up to 4 Mbps slave signaling rate

• Full duplex master transmit/receive

• Asynchronous slave transmit/receive

• Conﬁgurable slave select polarity for master mode

• GPIO – General Purpose Input/Output

• General purpose signaling on I2C and/or SPI pins

• Internal caching of GPIO conﬁguration

• I

C Monitor

• Unobtrusively record trafﬁc on an I2C bus

• Supports bus speeds up to 125 kHz

• USB host communication

• Up to 3 Mbps transfer to host PC

• Powered from USB, eliminating power adapters

• Reports as a full-speed device (12 Mbps) to USB 2.0 hosts

• Software API

• Linux and Windows compatible

• Easy to integrate application interface

• Upgradeable Firmware

• Field upgradeable over USB

• Error checking prevents upgrade disasters

Summary

The Aardvark I

C/SPI Embedded Systems Interface is a host adapter through

USB. It allows a developer to interface a host PC to a downstream embedded sys-

tem environment and transfer serial messages using the I

C and SPI protocols.

C and SPI functionality can be used concurrently. Additionally, the I

C and/or

SPI pins can be used for general purpose signaling when the respective subsys-

tem is not in use. An I

C monitoring feature is also available to unobtrusively

record trafﬁc on an I

C bus.

C/SPI

AARDVARK

Aardvark I

C/SPI

Embedded Systems Interface

Data Sheet v4.00

April 20, 2007

Aardvark I

C/SPI Embedded Systems Interface

1 General Overview

1.1 I

C Background

C History

When connecting multiple devices to a microcontroller, the address and data lines of each

devices were conventionally connected individually. This would take up precious pins on the

microcontroller, result in a lot of traces on the PCB, and require more components to connect

everything together. This made these systems expensive to produce and susceptible to inter-

ference and noise.

To solve this problem, Philips developed Inter-IC bus, or I

C , in the 1980s. I

C is a low-

bandwidth, short distance protocol for on board communications. All devices are connected

through two wires: serial data (SDA) and serial clock (SCL).

Master

Slave Slave Slave

SDA

SCL

Figure 1: Sample I

C Implementation.

Regardless of how many slave units are attached to the I

C bus, there are only two signals connected to

all of them. Consequently, there is additional overhead because an addressing mechanism is required

for the master device to communicate with a speciﬁc slave device.

Because all commnication takes place on only two wires, all devices must have a unique ad-

dress to identify it on the bus. Slave devices have a predeﬁned address, but the lower bits of

the address can be assigned to allow for multiples of the same devices on the bus.

C Theory of Operation

C has a master/slave protocol. The master initiates the communication. Here is a simpliﬁed

description of the protocol. For precise details, please refer to the Philips I

C speciﬁcation. The

sequence of events are as follows:

1. The master device issues a start condition. This condition informs all the slave devices

to listen on the serial data line for their respective address.

2. The master device sends the address of the target slave device and a read/write ﬂag.

3. The slave device with the matching address responds with an acknowledgment signal.

4. Communication proceeds between the master and the slave on the data bus. Both the

master and slave can receive or transmit data depending on whether the communication

is a read or write. The transmitter sends 8 bits of data to the receiver, which replies with

a 1 bit acknowledgment.

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