Spring Boot企业与集成解决方案的消息API指南

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《Spring Boot Messaging》是一本由Felipe Gutierrez编著的专业技术书籍，着重讲解了如何在企业级应用和集成解决方案中利用Spring Boot进行消息传递。该书针对的是Spring Boot框架下的消息处理API，适合那些希望理解和实践现代企业软件架构中消息传递功能的开发者。 Spring Boot作为Java开发的热门工具，提供了快速构建基于Spring框架的应用程序的能力。在本书中，作者深入探讨了如何利用Spring Boot简化MVC架构中的消息传递流程，包括配置消息队列、消息中间件（如RabbitMQ、Apache Kafka或MQTT等）以及实现异步处理和事件驱动设计。读者可以学习到如何通过Spring Boot的自动配置和模块化特性来无缝集成各种消息服务，减少配置复杂性，并确保系统的可扩展性和高可用性。书中详细介绍了以下核心知识点： 1. **Spring Boot基础**：章节会首先介绍Spring Boot的概述，以及它如何简化Java应用程序的搭建过程，从而为后续的消息处理提供坚实的基础。 2. **消息传递API**：重点讲解Spring框架提供的消息API，如`Spring Messaging`、`JMS（Java Message Service）`和`AMQP（Advanced Message Queuing Protocol）`，以及它们在企业级场景中的应用场景。 3. **配置与集成**：讲解如何配置和管理消息队列，如何在Spring Boot项目中添加和配置消息中间件，以及如何在不同模块间通过消息传递来实现解耦。 4. **异步编程模型**：介绍Spring Boot对`CompletableFuture`和`Reactive Programming`的支持，以便在处理大量并发和流式数据时提高性能。 5. **实战案例**：书中包含多个实际项目的代码示例，展示了如何在Spring Boot中实现微服务间的通信、错误处理和监控，帮助读者理解理论知识并将其付诸实践。 6. **安全与持久化**：讨论如何确保消息传输的安全性和持久化存储策略，包括加密和事务一致性。 7. **最佳实践与性能优化**：分享如何根据实际需求选择合适的消息传递模式，以及如何优化消息生产者和消费者的性能。《Spring Boot Messaging》不仅适用于初学者，也适合有一定经验的开发者寻求在Spring Boot环境中优化其消息传递解决方案。通过阅读这本书，读者将能够掌握Spring Boot如何助力企业级应用和集成解决方案实现高效、可靠的通信架构。

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CHAPTER 1 ■ MESSAGING

Messaging Models and Messaging Patterns

Some messaging models were established when messaging became a part of all systems. These

models, in my opinion, evolved into the creation of messaging design patterns.

Point-to-Point

A point-to-point model is a way to send a message to a queue (First In, First Out), whereby only

one receiver gets the message. See Figure1-2.

SENDER

QUEUE

RECEIVER

Figure 1-2. Point-to-point model

PUBLISHER

SUBSCRIBER

TOPIC

SUBSCRIBER

Figure 1-3. Publish–subscribe model

The point-to-point model is also used as a message channel pattern, whereby instead of a

queue, you have a channel (which is a way to transport your message). It still guarantees that only

one receiver gets the message in the order it was sent.

You’ll see some examples later in the book about these models and patterns.

Publish-Subscribe

The publish-subscribe model describes a publisher that sends a message (a topic) to multiple

subscribers of that topic. Each subscriber will receive only one copy of the message. See Figure1-3.

The publish-subscribe model is also used as a message channel pattern, whereby instead of a

topic, you have a channel that delivers a copy of the message to its subscribers.

These models are more related to the JMS (Java Messaging System) and are important to

understand because they form the basics of all enterprise systems.

CHAPTER 1 ■ MESSAGING

Messaging Patterns

A design pattern is a solution to a commonly known problem in the software design. By the same

token, messaging patterns attempt to solve problems with messaging designs.

You will learn about the implementation of the following patterns during the course of this

book, so I want to list them here with simple definitions to introduce them:

• Message type patterns: Describe different forms of messaging, such as string

(maybe plain text, JSON and/or XML), byte array, object, etc.

• Message channel patterns: Determine what kind of a transport (channel)

will be used to send a message and what kind of attributes it will have.

The idea here is that the producer and consumer know how to connect to

the transport (channel) and can send and receive the message. Possible

attributes of this transport include a

request-reply feature and a unidirectional channel, which you will learn

about very soon. One example of this pattern is the point-to-point channel.

• Routing patterns: Describe a way to send messages between producer and

consumers by providing a routing mechanism (filtering that’s dependent on

a set of conditions) in an integrated solution. That can be accomplished by

programming, or in some cases, the messaging system (the broker) can have

these capabilities (as with RabbitMQ).

• Service consumer patterns: Describe how the consumers will behave when

messages arrive, such as adding a transactional approach when processing

the message. There are frameworks that allow you to initiate this kind

of behavior (like the Spring Framework, which you do by adding the @

Transactional, a transaction-based abstraction).

• Contract patterns: Contracts between the producer and consumer to have

simple communications, such as when you do some REST calls, where you

call a JSON or XML message with some fields.

• Message construction patterns: Describe how a message is created so it

can travel within the messaging system. For example, you can create an

“envelope” that can have a body (the actual message) and some headers

(with a correlation ID or a sequence or maybe a reply address). With a

simple web request, you can add parameters or headers and the actual

message becomes the body of the request, making the whole request part

of the construction pattern. The HTTP protocol allows for that kind of

communication (messaging).

• Transformation patterns: Describe how to change the content of the

message within the messaging system. Think about a message that requires

some processing and needs to be enhanced on the fly, such as a content

enricher.

As you can see, these patterns not only describe the messaging process but some of them

describe how to handle some of the common use cases you saw earlier. Of course, there are a lot

more messaging patterns, and these are just a few that we are going to explore in this book.

CHAPTER 1 ■ MESSAGING

If you want more information, I recommend that you visit the Enterprise Integration Patterns

web site, http://www.enterpriseintegrationpatterns.com/. Also check out this must-read

book—Enterprise Integration Patterns: Designing, Building, and Deploying Messaging Solutions by

Gregor Hohpe and Bobby Woolf, from Addison-Wesley.

In the book, I cover some of these patterns using the Spring Integration module and various

messaging systems (brokers).

Messaging with Spring Framework

The Spring Framework is one of the most commonly used frameworks by the Java community.

The Spring Framework has enabled a simple and easy way to do messaging, by implementing

a template design pattern that can be used with any messaging system. It supports the JMS API

with the JmsTemplate, the AMQP with the RabbitTemplate, STOMP, and internal messaging with

events and listeners. Don’t worry, we will cover all of these later in book.

It’s worth mentioning that the Spring Integration project has been well accepted by the

community, and the core of the Spring Integration (messaging, channels, and other interfaces)

has been part of the Spring Core since version 4.0.

There are many good messaging frameworks out there. Some of them use pure Java, and

others depend on the Spring Framework. The Spring team has been working very hard to make it

even easier for its developers to use all the features, including concurrency, transactions, retries,

etc. To use other libraries, you have to implement them by hand using the same logic.

■ Note You can download the book’s source code from the Apress site or you can clone it from this GitHub

repository: https://github.com/felipeg48/spring-messaging.

Summary

This chapter introduced messaging and the messaging systems. You read about the basic concept

of messaging, whereby developers need to send information from one point to another.

The chapter reviewed some use cases, models, and patterns of messaging. The book

will cover them in more detail and use them via some of the best implementations out there,

including the Spring Framework and some of their modules, including Spring Integration, Spring

AMQP, and Spring Cloud Stream.

The next chapter includes a tour of Spring Boot, which is the next generation of creating

enterprise-ready Spring applications. Spring Boot is the base for all the modules you use in this book.

F. Gutierrez, Spring Boot Messaging, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4842-1224-0_2

CHAPTER 2

Spring Boot

I’ll start with a phrase that I wrote in another book: Spring Boot is a new chapter in creating

enterprise-ready applications with the Spring Framework.

Spring Boot does not replace the Spring Framework; you can see it as a new way to create

awesome applications with the framework used by the Java community.

In this chapter, I show you what Spring Boot is and how it works behind the scenes. You will

also see the power of Spring Boot with a small example. So why do we need to look at Spring Boot?

First of all, all the technologies that we are going to use, such as Spring Integration, Spring AMQP,

Spring Cloud Stream, and others, use Spring Boot as their base. All the examples in this book use

Spring Boot to create Spring apps. And of course, Spring Boot makes messaging even easier.

What Is Spring Boot?

To begin with, Spring Boot is an opinionated technology. What does that mean?

Spring Boot looks at the classpath and tries to determine what kind of application you are

trying to run. For example, if you have the spring-mvc modules in your classpath, Spring Boot

will wire up the WebApplicationInitializer and DispatcherServlet classes inside the Spring

container and will set up an embedded container (Tomcat by default), so you can run your

application without having to copy or deploy your application to a servlet container.

Spring Boot’s Features

Let’s look at the most important Spring Boot features:

• It can create standalone Spring applications. Based on its Maven or Gradle

plugin, you can create executable JARs or WARs.

• It has an opinionated technology based on the starter poms.

• Includes auto-configuration, which will configure your Spring application

without any XML or Java config classes.

• Includes embedded servlet containers for web apps (Tomcat, Jetty, or

Undertow).

• Includes production-ready features (non-functional requirements) that are

ready to use, such as metrics and health checks.

CHAPTER 2 ■ SPRING BOOT

• Spring Boot is not a plugin or a code generator (this means that Spring Boot

doesn’t create a file to be compiled).

• If you have an application or servlet container, you can deploy Spring Boot

as a WAR without making any changes.

• You can access all the Spring application events and listeners (something

that we will discuss in the next chapter).

This list is just a few features of what Spring Boot can offer; of course there are more. I recommend

my other book—Pro Spring Boot from Apress—if you need to know more about it. That book includes

more comprehensive and detailed sections about how Spring Boot works internally.

Restful API with Spring Boot

One of the important features of Spring Boot is that you can create executable JARs and run them

by just executing java -jar yourapp.jar. You can also create executable WARs (web archive)

that can run standalone (using the embedded container within the WAR) or deploy them to a

servlet container without chaining anything in your code.

This section shows you a Restful API that lists the currency and the rates based on the country

code. This project is a Spring Boot web application.

■ Note You can find a download link for all the source code at the http://www.apress.

com/9781484212257.

I’ll show you some code snippets of the application, so you have an idea of what Spring Boot

can do with very minimal code and no configuration files.

I’m assuming that you already have the code. I suggest that you use the STS (Spring Tool Suite),

which you can get from https://spring.io/tools/sts/all. I use this IDE because it has very nice

features for running Spring Boot, and all the figures that you see are based on this IDE, but you can

choose any IDE you like.

The rest-api-demo Project

This project is a Spring Boot web application that will expose Restful endpoints that will show a

country currency and the rates of other countries. This project is in the folder named ch02.

This project also uses the JPA (Java Persistence API) with an in-memory database (using the

H2 engine), AOP (Aspect-Oriented Programming). The exposed endpoints are listed in Table2-1.

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