入门指南：Processing编程图像动画与交互

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"《Learning Processing》是一本面向初学者的编程指南，作者是Daniel Shiffman，共计472页。本书专注于Java编程在图像处理、动画和交互方面的应用，将读者引入这个充满创意和技术挑战的领域。作为《计算机图形学》系列的一部分，它旨在帮助读者掌握如何通过Processing语言来设计和实现视觉艺术项目。在《Learning Processing》中，作者详细介绍了如何利用Processing框架进行数字建模，包括对材料外观的模拟。书中的内容涉及了如何利用现代技术，如Mobile 3D Graphics with OpenGLES和M3G，以及医学可视化技术，展示了技术在不同应用场景中的实践与创新。此外，书中还探讨了高级主题，如高动态范围成像的数据获取、处理和显示，以及深度学习Maya编程和使用OpenGL进行高级图形编程。对于想要深入了解Maya编程的读者，该书提供了完整的教程，涵盖了三维基础、几何体建模和深入的Maya Scripting。对于动画师，MEL Scripting for Maya Animators的第二版提供了实用的工具和技巧，帮助他们提升工作效率。此外，书中还包括了数字几何方法，这是数字图片分析的关键技术之一。《Learning Processing》不仅是一本技术手册，也是一本启发创新思维的艺术和科技结合的教程，适合对图像处理、动画和互动技术有兴趣的初学者和专业人士。通过这本书，读者不仅能掌握基本编程技能，还能了解到这些技术在实际项目中的应用和潜在的发展趋势。"

Introduction xv

 is book’s web site is not a substitute for the amazing resource that is the oﬃ cial Processing web site:

http://www.processing.org .  ere, you will ﬁ nd the Processing reference, many more examples, and a lively

forum.

Take It One Step at a Time

 e Philosophy of Incremental Development

 ere is one more thing we should discuss before we embark on this journey together. It is an important

driving force behind the way I learned to program and will contribute greatly to the style of this book.

As coined by a former professor of mine, it is called the “ philosophy of incremental development. ” Or

perhaps, more simply, the “ one-step-at-a-time approach. ”

Whether you are a total novice or a coder with years of experience, with any programming project, it is

crucial not to fall into the trap of trying to do too much all at once. Your dream might be to create the

uber- Processing program that, say, uses Perlin noise to procedurally generate textures for 3D vertex shapes

that evolve via the artiﬁ cial intelligence of a neural network that crawls the web mining for today’s news

stories, displaying the text of these stories onscreen in colors taken from a live video feed of a viewer in

front of the screen who can control the interface with live microphone input by singing.

 ere is nothing wrong with having grand visions, but the most important favor you can do for yourself

is to learn how to break those visions into small parts and attack each piece slowly, one at a time.  e

previous example is a bit silly; nevertheless, if you were to sit down and attempt to program its features all

at once, I am pretty sure you would end up using a cold compress to treat your pounding headache.

To demonstrate, let’s simplify and say that you aspire to program the game Space Invaders (see: http://

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Invaders ). While this is not explicitly a game programming book, the skills to

accomplish this goal will be found here. Following our newfound philosophy, however, we know we need

to develop one step at a time, breaking down the problem of programming Space Invaders into small

parts. Here is a quick attempt:

1. Program the spaceship.

2. Program the invaders.

3. Program the scoring system.

Great, we divided our program into three steps! Nevertheless, we are not at all ﬁ nished.  e key is to

divide the problem into the smallest pieces possible, to the point of absurdity, if necessary. You will learn

to scale back into larger chunks when the time comes, but for now, the pieces should be so small that

they seem ridiculously oversimpliﬁ ed. After all, if the idea of developing a complex game such as Space

Invaders seems overwhelming, this feeling will go away if you leave yourself with a list of steps to follow,

each one simple and easy.

With that in mind, let’s try a little harder, breaking Step 1 from above down into smaller parts.  e idea

here is that you would write six programs, the ﬁ rst being the simplest: display a triangle . With each step,

we add a small improvement: move the triangle. As the program gets more and more advanced, eventually

we will be ﬁ nished.

xvi Introduction

1.1 Draw a triangle onscreen.  e triangle will be our spaceship.

1.2 Position the triangle at the bottom of the screen.

1.3 Position the triangle slightly to the right of where it was before.

1.4 Animate the triangle so that it moves from position left to right.

1.5 Animate the triangle from left to right only when the right-arrow key is pressed.

1.6 Animate the triangle right to left when the left-arrow key is pressed.

Of course, this is only a small fraction of all of the steps we need for a full Space Invaders game, but

it demonstrates a vital way of thinking.  e beneﬁ ts of this approach are not simply that it makes

programming easier (which it does), but that it also makes “ debugging ” easier.

Debugging

refers to the process of ﬁ nding defects in a computer program and ﬁ xing them so that the

program behaves properly. You have probably heard about bugs in, say, the Windows operating system:

miniscule, arcane errors deep in the code. For us, a bug is a much simpler concept: a mistake. Each time

you try to program something, it is very likely that something will not work as you expected, if at all. So

if you start out trying to program everything all at once, it will be very hard to ﬁ nd these bugs.  e one-

step-at-a-time methodology, however, allows you to tackle these mistakes one at a time, squishing the

bugs.

In addition, incremental development lends itself really well to object-oriented programming , a core

principle of this book. Objects, which will be introduced in Lesson 3, Chapter 8, will help us to develop

projects in modular pieces as well as provide an excellent means for organizing (and sharing) code.

Reusability will also be key. For example, if you have programmed a spaceship for Space Invaders and

want to start working on asteroids, you can grab the parts you need (i.e., the moving spaceship code), and

develop the new pieces around them.

Algorithms

When all is said and done, computer programming is all about writing algorithms . An algorithm is

a sequential list of instructions that solves a particular problem. And the philosophy of incremental

development (which is essentially an algorithm for you, the human being, to follow) is designed to make

it easier for you to write an algorithm that implements your idea.

As an exercise, before you get to Chapter 1, try writing an algorithm for something you do on a daily

basis, such as brushing your teeth. Make sure the instructions seem comically simple (as in “ Move the

toothbrush one centimeter to the left ” ).

Imagine that you had to provide instructions on how to accomplish this task to someone entirely

unfamiliar with toothbrushes, toothpaste, and teeth.  at is how it is to write a program. A computer is

nothing more than a machine that is brilliant at following precise instructions, but knows nothing about

the world at large. And this is where we begin our journey, our story, our new life as a programmer. We

begin with learning how to talk to our friend, the computer.

 e term “ debugging ” comes from the apocryphal story of a moth getting stuck in the relay circuits of one of computer scientist

Grace Murray Hopper’s computers.

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