Unix网络编程卷1:第三版 - Sockets网络API实战指南

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"《Unix Network Programming, Volume 1》是Unix网络编程领域的经典著作,由W. Richard Stevens、Bill Fenner和Andrew M. Rudoff合著,第三版于2003年由Addison Wesley出版社出版,共1024页。这本书深入探讨了套接字(Sockets)和其他关键的网络API,是构建现代分布式、网络化应用程序和服务的必备参考书籍。" 在《Unix Network Programming, Volume 1》第三版中,作者不仅提供了实践经验,还融入了历史视角和深入的理解,这些都源于他们在网络编程领域的深厚背景。该书自始至终指导读者如何在任何环境下构建健壮、高性能的网络系统,特别关注了最新的标准、实现和技术。 本书主要知识点包括: 1. **Unix套接字API**:Unix系统中,套接字是进行网络通信的基础接口,用于实现进程间的通信和跨网络的通信。书中详细介绍了各种类型的套接字(如流式、数据报、原始套接字等)以及相关的API函数,如socket()、bind()、listen()、accept()、connect()、send()、recv()等。 2. **网络协议和地址表示**:讲解了IP协议、TCP/IP协议族的基本概念,包括IP地址、端口号、主机名与IP地址的转换(如gethostbyname()、gethostbyaddr()),以及IPv4和IPv6的区别。 3. **套接字选项和控制消息**:讨论了如何使用setsockopt()和getsockopt()函数来设置和查询套接字的选项,以及如何处理套接字的控制信息,如SIGIO、SCM_RIGHTS等。 4. **并发服务器设计**:讲述了多线程、多进程模型在构建并发服务器时的应用,以及非阻塞I/O和I/O复用(如select()、poll()、epoll())技术,以实现高效地处理大量并发连接。 5. **错误处理和调试技巧**:讲解了如何正确处理网络编程中的错误,提供了一些调试网络程序的方法和工具。 6. **网络性能优化**:分析了网络通信性能的影响因素,提供了提高通信效率和减少延迟的策略。 7. **高级网络主题**:涵盖了如UDP广播、多播、TCP连接管理、TCP流量控制、拥塞控制等高级网络编程主题。 8. **安全编程**:讨论了网络安全问题,如SSL/TLS协议的使用,以及如何在编写网络程序时考虑安全因素。 9. **附录和索引**:包含了丰富的参考材料,如协议头文件、函数参考、标准文档链接等,方便读者查阅。 通过学习这本书,无论是新手还是经验丰富的开发者,都能获得对Unix网络编程的深入理解,并能运用这些知识开发出高效可靠的网络应用。此外,书中包含的实际示例和练习有助于读者巩固所学,提升实践能力。
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Unix网络编程卷1,第三版,英文版。大名顶顶的Richard Stevens所写 目录: Copyright Addison-Wesley Professional Computing Series Foreword Preface Introduction Changes from the Second Edition Using This Book Source Code and Errata Availability Acknowledgments Part 1: Introduction and TCP/IP Chapter 1. Introduction Section 1.1. Introduction Section 1.2. A Simple Daytime Client Section 1.3. Protocol Independence Section 1.4. Error Handling: Wrapper Functions Section 1.5. A Simple Daytime Server Section 1.6. Roadmap to Client/Server Examples in the Text Section 1.7. OSI Model Section 1.8. BSD Networking History Section 1.9. Test Networks and Hosts Section 1.10. Unix Standards Section 1.11. 64-Bit Architectures Section 1.12. Summary Exercises Chapter 2. The Transport Layer: TCP, UDP, and SCTP Section 2.1. Introduction Section 2.2. The Big Picture Section 2.3. User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Section 2.4. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Section 2.5. Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) Section 2.6. TCP Connection Establishment and Termination Section 2.7. TIME_WAIT State Section 2.8. SCTP Association Establishment and Termination Section 2.9. Port Numbers Section 2.10. TCP Port Numbers and Concurrent Servers Section 2.11. Buffer Sizes and Limitations Section 2.12. Standard Internet Services Section 2.13. Protocol Usage by Common Internet Applications Section 2.14. Summary Exercises Part 2: Elementary Sockets Chapter 3. Sockets Introduction Section 3.1. Introduction Section 3.2. Socket Address Structures Section 3.3. Value-Result Arguments Section 3.4. Byte Ordering Functions Section 3.5. Byte Manipulation Functions Section 3.6. inet_aton, inet_addr, and inet_ntoa Functions Section 3.7. inet_pton and inet_ntop Functions Section 3.8. sock_ntop and Related Functions Section 3.9. readn, writen, and readline Functions Section 3.10. Summary Exercises Chapter 4. Elementary TCP Sockets Section 4.1. Introduction Section 4.2. socket Function Section 4.3. connect Function Section 4.4. bind Function Section 4.5. listen Function Section 4.6. accept Function Section 4.7. fork and exec Functions Section 4.8. Concurrent Servers Section 4.9. close Function Section 4.10. getsockname and getpeername Functions Section 4.11. Summary Exercises Chapter 5. TCP Client/Server Example Section 5.1. Introduction Section 5.2. TCP Echo Server: main Function Section 5.3. TCP Echo Server: str_echo Function Section 5.4. TCP Echo Client: main Function Section 5.5. TCP Echo Client: str_cli Function Section 5.6. Normal Startup Section 5.7. Normal Termination Section 5.8. POSIX Signal Handling Section 5.9. Handling SIGCHLD Signals Section 5.10. wait and waitpid Functions Section 5.11. Connection Abort before accept Returns Section 5.12. Termination of Server Process Section 5.13. SIGPIPE Signal Section 5.14. Crashing of Server Host Section 5.15. Crashing and Rebooting of Server Host Section 5.16. Shutdown of Server Host Section 5.17. Summary of TCP Example Section 5.18. Data Format Section 5.19. Summary Exercises Chapter 6. I/O Multiplexing: The select and poll Functions Section 6.1. Introduction Section 6.2. I/O Models Section 6.3. select Function Section 6.4. str_cli Function (Revisited) Section 6.5. Batch Input and Buffering Section 6.6. shutdown Function Section 6.7. str_cli Function (Revisited Again) Section 6.8. TCP Echo Server (Revisited) Section 6.9. pselect Function Section 6.10. poll Function Section 6.11. TCP Echo Server (Revisited Again) Section 6.12. Summary Exercises Chapter 7. Socket Options Section 7.1. Introduction Section 7.2. getsockopt and setsockopt Functions Section 7.3. Checking if an Option Is Supported and Obtaining the Default Section 7.4. Socket States Section 7.5. Generic Socket Options Section 7.6. IPv4 Socket Options Section 7.7. ICMPv6 Socket Option Section 7.8. IPv6 Socket Options Section 7.9. TCP Socket Options Section 7.10. SCTP Socket Options Section 7.11. fcntl Function Section 7.12. Summary Exercises Chapter 8. Elementary UDP Sockets Section 8.1. Introduction Section 8.2. recvfrom and sendto Functions Section 8.3. UDP Echo Server: main Function Section 8.4. UDP Echo Server: dg_echo Function Section 8.5. UDP Echo Client: main Function Section 8.6. UDP Echo Client: dg_cli Function Section 8.7. Lost Datagrams Section 8.8. Verifying Received Response Section 8.9. Server Not Running Section 8.10. Summary of UDP Example Section 8.11. connect Function with UDP Section 8.12. dg_cli Function (Revisited) Section 8.13. Lack of Flow Control with UDP Section 8.14. Determining Outgoing Interface with UDP Section 8.15. TCP and UDP Echo Server Using select Section 8.16. Summary Exercises Chapter 9. Elementary SCTP Sockets Section 9.1. Introduction Section 9.2. Interface Models Section 9.3. sctp_bindx Function Section 9.4. sctp_connectx Function Section 9.5. sctp_getpaddrs Function Section 9.6. sctp_freepaddrs Function Section 9.7. sctp_getladdrs Function Section 9.8. sctp_freeladdrs Function Section 9.9. sctp_sendmsg Function Section 9.10. sctp_recvmsg Function Section 9.11. sctp_opt_info Function Section 9.12. sctp_peeloff Function Section 9.13. shutdown Function Section 9.14. Notifications Section 9.15. Summary Exercises Chapter 10. SCTP Client/Server Example Section 10.1. Introduction Section 10.2. SCTP One-to-Many-Style Streaming Echo Server: main Function Section 10.3. SCTP One-to-Many-Style Streaming Echo Client: main Function Section 10.4. SCTP Streaming Echo Client: str_cli Function Section 10.5. Exploring Head-of-Line Blocking Section 10.6. Controlling the Number of Streams Section 10.7. Controlling Termination Section 10.8. Summary Exercises Chapter 11. Name and Address Conversions Section 11.1. Introduction Section 11.2. Domain Name System (DNS) Section 11.3. gethostbyname Function Section 11.4. gethostbyaddr Function Section 11.5. getservbyname and getservbyport Functions Section 11.6. getaddrinfo Function Section 11.7. gai_strerror Function Section 11.8. freeaddrinfo Function Section 11.9. getaddrinfo Function: IPv6 Section 11.10. getaddrinfo Function: Examples Section 11.11. host_serv Function Section 11.12. tcp_connect Function Section 11.13. tcp_listen Function Section 11.14. udp_client Function Section 11.15. udp_connect Function Section 11.16. udp_server Function Section 11.17. getnameinfo Function Section 11.18. Re-entrant Functions Section 11.19. gethostbyname_r and gethostbyaddr_r Functions Section 11.20. Obsolete IPv6 Address Lookup Functions Section 11.21. Other Networking Information Section 11.22. Summary Exercises Part 3: Advanced Sockets Chapter 12. IPv4 and IPv6 Interoperability Section 12.1. Introduction Section 12.2. IPv4 Client, IPv6 Server Section 12.3. IPv6 Client, IPv4 Server Section 12.4. IPv6 Address-Testing Macros Section 12.5. Source Code Portability Section 12.6. Summary Exercises Chapter 13. Daemon Processes and the inetd Superserver Section 13.1. Introduction Section 13.2. syslogd Daemon Section 13.3. syslog Function Section 13.4. daemon_init Function Section 13.5. inetd Daemon Section 13.6. daemon_inetd Function Section 13.7. Summary Exercises Chapter 14. Advanced I/O Functions Section 14.1. Introduction Section 14.2. Socket Timeouts Section 14.3. recv and send Functions Section 14.4. readv and writev Functions Section 14.5. recvmsg and sendmsg Functions Section 14.6. Ancillary Data Section 14.7. How Much Data Is Queued? Section 14.8. Sockets and Standard I/O Section 14.9. Advanced Polling Section 14.10. Summary Exercises Chapter 15. Unix Domain Protocols Section 15.1. Introduction Section 15.2. Unix Domain Socket Address Structure Section 15.3. socketpair Function Section 15.4. Socket Functions Section 15.5. Unix Domain Stream Client/Server Section 15.6. Unix Domain Datagram Client/Server Section 15.7. Passing Descriptors Section 15.8. Receiving Sender Credentials Section 15.9. Summary Exercises Chapter 16. Nonblocking I/O Section 16.1. Introduction Section 16.2. Nonblocking Reads and Writes: str_cli Function (Revisited) Section 16.3. Nonblocking connect Section 16.4. Nonblocking connect: Daytime Client Section 16.5. Nonblocking connect: Web Client Section 16.6. Nonblocking accept Section 16.7. Summary Exercises Chapter 17. ioctl Operations Section 17.1. Introduction Section 17.2. ioctl Function Section 17.3. Socket Operations Section 17.4. File Operations Section 17.5. Interface Configuration Section 17.6. get_ifi_info Function Section 17.7. Interface Operations Section 17.8. ARP Cache Operations Section 17.9. Routing Table Operations Section 17.10. Summary Exercises Chapter 18. Routing Sockets Section 18.1. Introduction Section 18.2. Datalink Socket Address Structure Section 18.3. Reading and Writing Section 18.4. sysctl Operations Section 18.5. get_ifi_info Function (Revisited) Section 18.6. Interface Name and Index Functions Section 18.7. Summary Exercises Chapter 19. Key Management Sockets Section 19.1. Introduction Section 19.2. Reading and Writing Section 19.3. Dumping the Security Association Database (SADB) Section 19.4. Creating a Static Security Association (SA) Section 19.5. Dynamically Maintaining SAs Section 19.6. Summary Exercises Chapter 20. Broadcasting Section 20.1. Introduction Section 20.2. Broadcast Addresses Section 20.3. Unicast versus Broadcast Section 20.4. dg_cli Function Using Broadcasting Section 20.5. Race Conditions Section 20.6. Summary Exercises Chapter 21. Multicasting Section 21.1. Introduction Section 21.2. Multicast Addresses Section 21.3. Multicasting versus Broadcasting on a LAN Section 21.4. Multicasting on a WAN Section 21.5. Source-Specific Multicast Section 21.6. Multicast Socket Options Section 21.7. mcast_join and Related Functions Section 21.8. dg_cli Function Using Multicasting Section 21.9. Receiving IP Multicast Infrastructure Session Announcements Section 21.10. Sending and Receiving Section 21.11. Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP) Section 21.12. Summary Exercises Chapter 22. Advanced UDP Sockets Section 22.1. Introduction Section 22.2. Receiving Flags, Destination IP Address, and Interface Index Section 22.3. Datagram Truncation Section 22.4. When to Use UDP Instead of TCP Section 22.5. Adding Reliability to a UDP Application Section 22.6. Binding Interface Addresses Section 22.7. Concurrent UDP Servers Section 22.8. IPv6 Packet Information Section 22.9. IPv6 Path MTU Control Section 22.10. Summary Exercises Chapter 23. Advanced SCTP Sockets Section 23.1. Introduction Section 23.2. An Autoclosing One-to-Many-Style Server Section 23.3. Partial Delivery Section 23.4. Notifications Section 23.5. Unordered Data Section 23.6. Binding a Subset of Addresses Section 23.7. Determining Peer and Local Address Information Section 23.8. Finding an Association ID Given an IP Address Section 23.9. Heartbeating and Address Failure Section 23.10. Peeling Off an Association Section 23.11. Controlling Timing Section 23.12. When to Use SCTP Instead of TCP Section 23.13. Summary Exercises Chapter 24. Out-of-Band Data Section 24.1. Introduction Section 24.2. TCP Out-of-Band Data Section 24.3. sockatmark Function Section 24.4. TCP Out-of-Band Data Recap Section 24.5. Summary Exercises Chapter 25. Signal-Driven I/O Section 25.1. Introduction Section 25.2. Signal-Driven I/O for Sockets Section 25.3. UDP Echo Server Using SIGIO Section 25.4. Summary Exercises Chapter 26. Threads Section 26.1. Introduction Section 26.2. Basic Thread Functions: Creation and Termination Section 26.3. str_cli Function Using Threads Section 26.4. TCP Echo Server Using Threads Section 26.5. Thread-Specific Data Section 26.6. Web Client and Simultaneous Connections (Continued) Section 26.7. Mutexes: Mutual Exclusion Section 26.8. Condition Variables Section 26.9. Web Client and Simultaneous Connections (Continued) Section 26.10. Summary Exercises Chapter 27. IP Options Section 27.1. Introduction Section 27.2. IPv4 Options Section 27.3. IPv4 Source Route Options Section 27.4. IPv6 Extension Headers Section 27.5. IPv6 Hop-by-Hop Options and Destination Options Section 27.6. IPv6 Routing Header Section 27.7. IPv6 Sticky Options Section 27.8. Historical IPv6 Advanced API Section 27.9. Summary Exercises Chapter 28. Raw Sockets Section 28.1. Introduction Section 28.2. Raw Socket Creation Section 28.3. Raw Socket Output Section 28.4. Raw Socket Input Section 28.5. ping Program Section 28.6. traceroute Program Section 28.7. An ICMP Message Daemon Section 28.8. Summary Exercises Chapter 29. Datalink Access Section 29.1. Introduction Section 29.2. BSD Packet Filter (BPF) Section 29.3. Datalink Provider Interface (DLPI) Section 29.4. Linux: SOCK_PACKET and PF_PACKET Section 29.5. libpcap: Packet Capture Library Section 29.6. libnet: Packet Creation and Injection Library Section 29.7. Examining the UDP Checksum Field Section 29.8. Summary Exercises Chapter 30. Client/Server Design Alternatives Section 30.1. Introduction Section 30.2. TCP Client Alternatives Section 30.3. TCP Test Client Section 30.4. TCP Iterative Server Section 30.5. TCP Concurrent Server, One Child per Client Section 30.6. TCP Preforked Server, No Locking Around accept Section 30.7. TCP Preforked Server, File Locking Around accept Section 30.8. TCP Preforked Server, Thread Locking Around accept Section 30.9. TCP Preforked Server, Descriptor Passing Section 30.10. TCP Concurrent Server, One Thread per Client Section 30.11. TCP Prethreaded Server, per-Thread accept Section 30.12. TCP Prethreaded Server, Main Thread accept Section 30.13. Summary Exercises Chapter 31. Streams Section 31.1. Introduction Section 31.2. Overview Section 31.3. getmsg and putmsg Functions Section 31.4. getpmsg and putpmsg Functions Section 31.5. ioctl Function Section 31.6. Transport Provider Interface (TPI) Section 31.7. Summary Exercises Appendix A. IPv4, IPv6, ICMPv4, and ICMPv6 Section A.1. Introduction Section A.2. IPv4 Header Section A.3. IPv6 Header Section A.4. IPv4 Addresses Section A.5. IPv6 Addresses Section A.6. Internet Control Message Protocols (ICMPv4 and ICMPv6) Appendix B. Virtual Networks Section B.1. Introduction Section B.2. The MBone Section B.3. The 6bone Section B.4. IPv6 Transition: 6to4 Appendix C. Debugging Techniques Section C.1. System Call Tracing Section C.2. Standard Internet Services Section C.3. sock Program Section C.4. Small Test Programs Section C.5. tcpdump Program Section C.6. netstat Program Section C.7. lsof Program Appendix D. Miscellaneous Source Code Section D.1. unp.h Header Section D.2. config.h Header Section D.3. Standard Error Functions Appendix E. Solutions to Selected Exercises Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Chapter 20 Chapter 21 Chapter 22 Chapter 24 Chapter 25 Chapter 26 Chapter 27 Chapter 28 Chapter 29 Chapter 30 Chapter 31 Bibliography