微软出版社Windows 8 应用程序编程指南

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"Windows 8 应用程序编程" 在Windows 8操作系统中，应用程序编程主要涉及使用Microsoft的新一代开发平台，即Windows Runtime (WinRT) 和Modern UI (Metro) 风格应用的设计。Windows 8 App Programming是指针对这个新平台进行软件开发的技术和实践。 1. **Windows Runtime (WinRT)**：WinRT是Windows 8的核心组成部分，它为开发者提供了一套API，用于创建Modern UI应用。这些API是原生的，可以在不同的编程语言（如C#、VB.NET、C++和JavaScript）中使用。WinRT提供了对系统服务、设备访问、数据存储和网络通信等功能的直接接口。 2. **Modern UI 设计原则**：Windows 8 引入了全新的用户界面设计，强调简洁、响应式和触控友好。开发者需要遵循Modern UI设计原则，包括使用清晰的布局、大胆的颜色、大量的空白区域以及触摸友好的控件，以提供一致且直观的用户体验。 3. **XAML (Extensible Application Markup Language)**：在Windows 8应用开发中，XAML通常用于构建UI。这是一种标记语言，允许开发者以声明性的方式描述用户界面元素和布局，与代码逻辑分离，便于设计和维护。 4. **JavaScript 和 HTML5**：除了传统的.NET框架，Windows 8还支持使用JavaScript和HTML5开发应用。这种方式适合熟悉Web开发的开发者，可以快速创建跨平台的应用，同时利用现代浏览器技术的优势。 5. **包装和发布**：开发者可以使用Visual Studio工具进行Windows 8应用的打包和发布，这包括应用的签名、测试、调试和提交到Windows Store。通过Windows Store，用户可以轻松地发现、下载和更新应用程序。 6. **Live Tiles and Notifications**：Windows 8的动态磁贴是其特色之一，开发者可以利用这些磁贴向用户提供实时信息和通知。通过后台任务和推送通知服务，应用可以保持与用户的互动，即使在后台运行也能保持活跃。 7. **多语言支持**：Windows 8应用可以轻松地支持多种语言，开发者只需要提供不同语言的资源文件，系统会根据用户的设置自动选择。 8. **沙盒环境**：为了提高安全性，Windows 8应用运行在沙盒环境中，限制了它们对系统资源的访问。开发者需要理解并适应这种安全模型，以确保应用的稳定性和兼容性。 9. **设备访问和传感器**：Windows 8提供了一系列API来访问硬件设备，如摄像头、GPS、加速度计等，以及利用各种传感器数据。开发者可以通过这些接口实现丰富的功能，如位置服务、运动检测等。 10. **调试和性能优化**：Visual Studio提供了强大的调试工具，帮助开发者定位和解决问题。同时，性能优化也是关键，包括内存管理、渲染效率和后台任务的优化，以确保应用在各种设备上都能流畅运行。 Windows 8 App Programming是一个综合性的领域，涵盖了编程语言、设计原则、系统API和用户体验等多个方面。开发者需要具备跨领域的知识和技能，才能充分利用Windows 8平台的优势，创建出色的应用。

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Chapter 16: WinRT Components: An Introduction .............................................................. 716

Choosing a Mixed Language Approach (and Web Workers) ...................................................................................... 718

Quickstarts: Creating and Debugging Components ....................................................................................................... 720

Quickstart #1: Creating a Component in C# ................................................................................................................. 721

Quickstart #2: Creating a Component in C++ ............................................................................................................. 726

Comparing the Results .......................................................................................................................................................... 729

Key Concepts for WinRT Components ................................................................................................................................ 731

Implementing Asynchronous Methods ........................................................................................................................... 733

JavaScript Workers ................................................................................................................................................................. 734

Async Basics in WinRT Components ................................................................................................................................ 737

Arrays, Vectors, and Other Alternatives .......................................................................................................................... 742

Projections into JavaScript ................................................................................................................................................... 746

Scenarios for WinRT Components ......................................................................................................................................... 748

Higher Performance .............................................................................................................................................................. 748

Access to Additional APIs..................................................................................................................................................... 750

Obfuscating Code and Protecting Intellectual Property ........................................................................................... 752

Library Components .............................................................................................................................................................. 753

Concurrency ............................................................................................................................................................................. 753

What We’ve Just Learned ......................................................................................................................................................... 754

Chapter 17: Apps for Everyone: Accessibility, World-Readiness,

and the Windows Store ........................................................................................................... 755

Your App, Your Business ........................................................................................................................................................... 757

Side Loading ............................................................................................................................................................................. 758

Planning: Can the App Be a Windows Store App? ...................................................................................................... 760

Planning for Monetization (or Not) ................................................................................................................................. 761

Free Apps .................................................................................................................................................................................. 762

Ad-Supported Apps .............................................................................................................................................................. 763

Paid Apps and Trial Versions .............................................................................................................................................. 764

In-App Purchases ................................................................................................................................................................... 766

Revenue Sharing and Custom Commerce for In-App Purchases .......................................................................... 767

The Windows Store APIs ........................................................................................................................................................... 768

The CurrentAppSimulator Object ..................................................................................................................................... 770

Trial Versions and App Purchase ....................................................................................................................................... 774

Listing and Purchasing In-App Products ........................................................................................................................ 776

Receipts ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 780

Accessibility ................................................................................................................................................................................... 781

Screen Readers and Aria Attributes .................................................................................................................................. 784

The ARIA Sample .................................................................................................................................................................... 785

Handling Contrast Variations ............................................................................................................................................. 788

CSS Styling for High Contrast ............................................................................................................................................ 790

High Contrast Resources ..................................................................................................................................................... 793

Scale + Contrast = Resource Qualifiers .......................................................................................................................... 794

High Contrast Tile and Toast Images .............................................................................................................................. 795

World Readiness and Localization......................................................................................................................................... 795

Globalization ............................................................................................................................................................................ 797

User Language and Other Settings .................................................................................................................................. 798

Formatting Culture-Specific Data and Calendar Math ............................................................................................. 801

Sorting and Grouping ........................................................................................................................................................... 803

Fonts and Text Layout .......................................................................................................................................................... 803

Preparing for Localization ................................................................................................................................................... 805

Part 1: Separating String Resources ................................................................................................................................. 805

Part 2: Structuring Resources for the Default Language .......................................................................................... 813

Creating Localized Resources: The Multilingual App Toolkit .................................................................................. 816

Testing with the Pseudo Language .................................................................................................................................. 821

Localization Wrap-Up ........................................................................................................................................................... 823

Releasing Your App to the World .......................................................................................................................................... 824

Promotional Screenshots, Store Graphics, and Text Copy ....................................................................................... 824

Testing and Pre-Certification Tools .................................................................................................................................. 825

Onboarding and Working through Rejection .............................................................................................................. 827

App Updates ............................................................................................................................................................................. 827

Introduction

Welcome, my friends, to Windows 8! On behalf of the thousands of designers, program managers,

developers, test engineers, and writers who have brought the product to life, I'm delighted to welcome

you into a world of Windows Reimagined.

This theme is no mere sentimental marketing ploy, intended to bestow an aura of newness to

something that is essentially unchanged, like those household products that make a big splash on the

idea of "New and Improved Packaging!" No, Microsoft Windows truly has been reborn—after more

than a quarter-century, something genuinely new has emerged.

I suspect—indeed expect—that you're already somewhat familiar with the reimagined user

experience of Windows 8. You're probably reading this book, in fact, because you know that the ability

of Windows 8 to reach across desktop, laptop, and tablet devices, along with the global reach of the

Windows Store, will provide you with tremendous business opportunities, whether you're in business, as

I like to say, for fame, fortune, fun, or philanthropy.

We'll certainly see many facets of this new user experience throughout the course of this book. Our

primary focus, however, will be on the reimagined developer experience.

I don't say this lightly. When I first began giving presentations within Microsoft about building

Windows Store apps, I liked to show a slide of what the world was like in the year 1985. It was the time

of Ronald Reagan, Margaret Thatcher, and Cold War tensions. It was the time of VCRs and the discovery

of AIDS. It was when Back to the Future was first released, Michael Jackson topped the charts with

Thriller, and Steve Jobs was kicked out of Apple. And it was when software developers got their first

taste of the original Windows API and the programming model for desktop applications.

The longevity of that programming model has been impressive. It's been in place for over a

quarter-century now and has grown to become the heart of the largest business ecosystem on the

planet. The API itself, known today as Win32, has also grown to become the largest on the planet! What

started out on the order of about 300 callable methods has expanded three orders of magnitude, well

beyond the point that any one individual could even hope to understand a fraction of it. I'd certainly

given up such futile efforts myself.

So when I bumped into my old friend Kyle Marsh in the fall of 2009 just after Windows 7 had been

released and heard from him that Microsoft was planning to reinvigorate native app development for

Windows 8, my ears were keen to listen. In the months that followed I learned that Microsoft was

introducing a completely new API called the Windows Runtime (or WinRT). This wasn't meant to replace

Win32, mind you; desktop applications would still be supported. No, this was a programming model

built from the ground up for a new breed of touch-centric, immersive apps that could compete with

those emerging on various mobile platforms. It would be designed from the app developer's point of

view, rather than the system's, so that key features would take only a few lines of code to implement

rather than hundreds or thousands. It would also enable direct native app development in multiple

programming languages. This meant that new operating system capabilities would surface to those

developers without having to wait for an update to some intermediate framework. It also meant that

developers who had experience in any one of those language choices would find a natural home when

writing apps for Windows 8.

This was very exciting news to me because the last time that Microsoft did anything significant to the

Windows programming model was in the early 1990s with a technology called the Component Object

Model (COM), which is exactly what allowed the Win32 API to explode as it did. Ironically, it was my role

at that time to introduce COM to the developer community, which I did through two editions of Inside

OLE (Microsoft Press, 1993 and 1995) and seemingly endless travel to speak at conferences and visit

partner companies. History, indeed, does tend to repeat itself, for here I am again!

In December 2010, I was part of the small team who set out to write the very first Windows Store

apps using what parts of the new WinRT API had become available. Notepad was the text editor of

choice, we built and ran apps on the command line by using abstruse Powershell scripts that required us

to manually type out ungodly hash strings, we had no documentation other than oft-incomplete

functional specifications, and we basically had no debugger to speak of other than the tried and true

window.alert and document.writeln. Indeed, we generally worked out as much HTML, CSS, and

JavaScript as we could inside a browser with F12 debugging tools, only adding WinRT-specific code at

the end because browsers couldn't resolve those APIs. You can imagine how we celebrated when we got

anything to work at all!

Fortunately, it wasn't long before tools like Visual Studio Express and Blend for Visual Studio became

available. By the spring of 2011, when I was giving many training sessions to people inside Microsoft on

building apps for Windows 8, the process was becoming far more enjoyable and exceedingly more

productive. Indeed, while it took us some weeks in late 2010 to get even Hello World to show up on the

screen, by the fall of 2011 we were working with partner companies who pulled together complete

Store-ready apps in roughly the same amount of time.

As we've seen—thankfully fulfilling our expectations—it's possible to build a great app in a matter of

weeks. I'm hoping that this ebook, along with the extensive resources on http://dev.windows.com

, will

help you to accomplish exactly that and to reimagine your own designs.

Who This Book Is For

This book is about writing Windows Store apps using HTML5, CSS3, and JavaScript. Our primary focus

will be on applying these web technologies within the Windows 8 platform, where there are unique

considerations, and not on exploring the details of those web technologies themselves. For the most

part, then, I'm assuming that you're already at least somewhat conversant with these standards. We will

cover some of the more salient areas like the CSS grid, which is central to app layout, but otherwise I

trust that you're capable of finding appropriate references for most everything else.

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微软出版社Windows 8 应用程序编程指南

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