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首页小学生配对联想学习中线索的应用与个体化教学的重要性
小学生配对联想学习中线索的应用与个体化教学的重要性
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更新于2024-08-07
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本文探讨了小学阶段学生在配对关联学习中对提示的运用,以及其与焦虑、教学方法和个人化学习之间的关系。作者,J. Charles Jones 和 Cathy J. Cobes,指出传统的群体教学可能导致学生的焦虑,因为成人教师试图通过控制和激励来塑造群体动态,这可能对某些孩子的学习效率产生负面影响。当前教育趋势倾向于个性化教学,作者提出关注个体差异,认为对于一些孩子而言,单独学习或仅与教师合作可能不如小组学习那样有效,可能还会导致较低的学习效果和不切实际的目标设定。 文章引用的研究背景中提到了社会心理学家Asch的观点,他探讨了社会因素如何影响学习过程中的心理状态。Atkinson和Letwin的研究则深入到成就动机与测试焦虑的关系,它们被视为追求成功和避免失败的动力来源。Ausubel、Schiff和Goldman的研究揭示了焦虑在学习过程中的特定特征,表明焦虑可能会影响学习的质量。 另外,Castaneda、Mccandles和Palermo的研究关注儿童的复杂学习和表现能力,他们发现焦虑和任务难度对这些方面的影响,强调了焦虑管理在儿童学习中的重要性。本文强调在设计教学策略时,应考虑到不同孩子的学习风格和情绪需求,以促进他们的有效学习和健康发展。
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178
J.
CHARLES
JONES
AND CATHY
J.
COBES
If
group instructional procedures give rise to anxiety, it is perhaps because
adults, attempting to control and motivate children, manipulate group relation-
ships to produce such results. With current emphasis on individualizing instruction,
perhaps some attention should be given to the possibilit,y that, for some children,
working alone or with only an instructor may lead to less efficient learning and more
unrealistic goal setting than working in small groups.
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ELEMENTARY PUPILS' USE
OF
CUES IN
PAIRED-ASSOCIATE LEARNING
WAYNE
OTTO'
University
of
Wisconsin
The expectation that children's paired-associate learning will be enhanced by
the addition of color cues to the list might be defended in terms of cue selection
(Underwood, Ham,
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1962),
mediation (Jenkins
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Only
the latter of the studies cited was done with children, but the extrapolation is both
straightforward and persuasive in each case. Yet, when good and poor readers in
the elementary grades were studied, the salient finding was that the addition of
'The writer is grateful to William Amrindson and Mrs. Pat Woolpert of the Evansville Public
Schools for their help in obtaining subjects. The research reported herein was erformed pursuant
to
a
contract with the United States Office of Education, Jkpartmerit
of
lieahh, Education and Wel-
fare,
under the provisions of the Cooperat.ive 1lesearc:h Program. Cerit,er
No.
C-(U/Cont,ract
OK
4-10-154.
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