ARM Compiler v6.6 用户指南：编译器使用教程

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"ARM V6.6编译器用户引导主要涵盖了Arm Compiler的版本6.6及后续更新，包括6.6.1和6.6.2版本的信息。该指南由Arm Limited或其关联公司在2016年和2017年发布，并对版权进行了声明，强调了文档的机密性和专利保护。" Arm Compiler是针对ARM架构设计的一种高效、优化的编译工具链，用于将源代码转化为可在ARM处理器上运行的目标代码。在ARM V6.6版本中，用户可以期待一系列功能改进和性能提升，这使得开发者能够更好地利用ARM处理器的性能潜力。 1. **编译器特性**：ARM V6.6编译器可能包含以下特性： - 支持最新的ARM指令集扩展，如ARMv6和ARMv7架构，甚至可能涉及早期的ARMv8-A 64位架构。 - 优化的代码生成，旨在减少代码大小并提高运行速度。 - 支持C++11和C++14标准，以及可能的C++17支持，为现代编程语言特性提供支持。 - 多线程和并行处理优化，适应多核处理器环境。 - 针对浮点运算和矢量化操作的专门优化，以增强计算密集型应用的性能。 - 内存管理优化，包括链接时垃圾回收和内存池分配等。 2. **编译器选项和配置**：用户可能会遇到各种编译器选项，用于控制优化级别、调试信息、目标平台和兼容性设置等。这些选项可以帮助开发者调整编译过程以满足特定项目的需求。 3. **调试和分析工具**：用户指南通常会介绍如何使用配套的调试器和分析工具，例如GDB集成、性能分析器和内存分析工具，这些工具对于理解代码行为、查找性能瓶颈和调试错误至关重要。 4. **多平台支持**：ARM V6.6编译器可能支持多种操作系统，如Linux、Android、RTOS等，以及不同硬件平台和设备。 5. **库和框架支持**：编译器可能包括对标准库（如C++标准库）和特定平台库的支持，同时可能有针对特定框架（如OpenMP）的优化。 6. **版本更新**：从6.6.1到6.6.2的更新可能包含了错误修复、新的功能增强和性能改进，确保用户始终能够获得最佳的编译体验。 7. **文档历史和变更**：每个版本的发行说明都会列出关键更改，帮助用户了解新版本带来的改进和需要注意的问题。使用ARM V6.6编译器的开发者需要仔细阅读用户指南，以充分利用其提供的功能，遵循最佳实践，优化代码质量，同时遵循文档中的许可条款，尊重知识产权。此外，持续关注版本更新，确保代码与最新技术保持同步，以便在ARM平台上实现最佳性能和效率。

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1.3 Accessing Arm

Compiler from Arm

DS-5 Development Studio

Arm DS-5 is a development suite that provides Arm Compiler 6 as a built-in toolchain.

This task describes how to access and configure Arm Compiler from the DS-5 environment.

Prerequisites

Ensure you have DS-5 installed. Create a new C or C++ project in DS-5. For information on creating

new projects in DS-5, see Creating a new C or C++ project.

Procedure

1. Select the project in DS-5.

2. Select Project > Properties.

3. From the left-hand side menu, select C/C++ Build > Tool Chain Editor.

4. In the Current toolchain options, select ARM Compiler 6 if this is not already selected.

5. From the left-hand side menu, select C/C++ Build > Settings.

Figure 1-2 Accessing Arm Compiler settings from DS-5

For information about using DS-5, see the Arm

DS-5 Getting Started Guide and Arm

DS-5

Debugger User Guide.

1 Getting Started

1.3 Accessing Arm

Compiler from Arm

DS-5 Development Studio

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1.5 Compiling a Hello World example

These examples show how to use the Arm Compiler toolchain to build and inspect an executable image

from C/C++ source files.

The source code

The source code that is used in the examples is a single C source file, hello.c, to display a greeting

message:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

printf("Hello World\n");

return 0;

}

Compiling in a single step

When compiling code, you must first decide which target the executable is to run on. An Armv8-A target

can run in different states:

• AArch64 state targets execute A64 instructions using 64-bit and 32-bit general-purpose registers.

• AArch32 state targets execute A32 or T32 instructions using 32-bit general-purpose registers.

The --target option determines which target state to compile for. This option is a mandatory option.

Compiling for an AArch64 target

To create an executable for an AArch64 target in a single step:

armclang --target=aarch64-arm-none-eabi hello.c

This command creates an executable, a.out.

This example compiles for an AArch64 state target. Because only --target is specified, the

compiler defaults to generating code that runs on any Armv8-A target. You can also use -mcpu to

target a specific processor.

Compiling for an AArch32 target

To create an executable for an AArch32 target in a single step:

armclang --target=arm-arm-none-eabi -mcpu=cortex-a53 hello.c

There is no default target for AArch32 state. You must specify either -march to target an

architecture or -mcpu to target a processor. This example uses -mcpu to target the Cortex-A53

processor. The compiler generates code that is optimized specifically for the Cortex-A53, but

might not run on other processors.

Use -mcpu=list or -march=list to see all available processor or architecture options.

Beyond the defaults

Compiler options let you specify precisely how the compiler behaves when generating code.

The armclang Reference Guide describes all the supported options, but here are some of the most

common:

• Including debug information. The -g option tells the compiler to produce DWARF debug

information. You can then use a compatible debugger, such as Arm DS-5 Debugger, to load, run, and

debug images.

• Optimization. The -Olevel option specifies the level of optimization to use when compiling source

files. The default is -O0, with no optimization. Different optimization levels let you control what type

of optimization the compiler performs. For example, -Os aims to reduce code size by balancing code

1 Getting Started

1.5 Compiling a Hello World example

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size against code speed, whereas -Omax uses aggressive optimizations to target performance

optimization.

• Instruction set. AArch32 targets support two instruction sets that you specify with the -m option. The

-marm option specifies A32, that is 32-bit instructions that emphasize performance. The -mthumb

option specifies T32, that is mixed 32-bit and 16-bit instructions, to emphasize code density.

Examining the executable

The fromelf tool lets you examine a compiled binary, extract information about it, or convert it.

For example, you can:

• Disassemble the code that is contained in the executable:

fromelf --text -c a.out

...

main

0x000081a0: e92d4800 .H-. PUSH {r11,lr}

0x000081a4: e1a0b00d .... MOV r11,sp

0x000081a8: e24dd010 ..M. SUB sp,sp,#0x10

0x000081ac: e3a00000 .... MOV r0,#0

0x000081b0: e50b0004 .... STR r0,[r11,#-4]

0x000081b4: e30a19cc .... MOV r1,#0xa9cc

...

• Examine the size of code and data in the executable:

fromelf --text -z a.out

Code (inc. data) RO Data RW Data ZI Data Debug Object Name

10436 492 596 16 348 3468 a.out

10436 492 596 16 0 0 ROM Totals for a.out

• Convert the ELF executable image to another format, for example a plain binary file:

fromelf --bin --output=outfile.bin a.out

See fromelf Command-Line Options for the options from the fromelf tool.

Compiling and linking as separate steps

For simple projects with small numbers of source files, compiling and linking in a single step might be

the simplest option:

armclang --target=aarch64-arm-none-eabi file1.c file2.c -o image.axf

This example compiles the two source files file1.c and file2.c for an AArch64 state target. The -o

option specifies that the filename of the generated executable is image.axf.

More complex projects might have many more source files. It is not efficient to compile every source file

at every compilation, because most source files are unlikely to change. To avoid compiling unchanged

source files, you can compile and link as separate steps. In this way, you can then use a build system

(such as make) to compile only those source files that have changed, then link the object code together.

The armclang -c option tells the compiler to compile to object code and stop before calling the linker:

armclang -c --target=aarch64-arm-none-eabi file1.c

armclang -c --target=aarch64-arm-none-eabi file2.c

armlink file1.o file2.o -o image.axf

These commands do the following:

• Compile file1.c to object code, and save using the default name file1.o.

• Compile file2.c to object code, and save using the default name file2.o.

• Link the object files file1.o and file2.o to produce an executable that is called image.axf.

In the future, if you modify file2.c, you can rebuild the executable by recompiling only file2.c then

linking the new file2.o with the existing file1.o to produce a new executable:

armclang -c --target=aarch64-arm-none-eabi file2.c

armlink file1.o file2.o -o image.axf

1 Getting Started

1.5 Compiling a Hello World example

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