Si4X6X无线开发指南：API编程与RFPicoboard控制

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本指南是针对EZRadioPRO® Si4X6X系列无线集成电路的开发编程手册，主要适用于Si4438和Si4463等设备。该文档旨在帮助开发者高效地进行应用开发，涵盖了硬件平台的关键组件，如RFPicoboard，它集成了射频芯片和实现所需功能的RF组件，以便根据特定的监管标准操作设备。RFPicoboard还与8-bit无线主板（WMB）协同工作，WMB负责控制射频模块、评估RF参数以及开发定制应用程序。文档详述了软件开发接口（API），这是一种通信桥梁，使得WMB和RFPicoboard之间能够无缝交互。通过使用Silicon Labs提供的软件工具，并遵循这份编程指南，开发者可以简化软件配置过程，专注于构建核心应用。此外，指南详细介绍了设备的初次启动流程和整个配置步骤，使得软件开发者在开始项目时就能明确了解如何对无线设备进行初始化和个性化设置。重点内容包括但不限于以下几点： 1. 硬件平台：介绍了RFPicoboard的设计结构和功能，包括其在射频通信中的关键角色。 2. 8-bit无线主板(WMB)：阐述了主板的作用，它是系统的核心控制器，处理射频信号处理和应用逻辑。 3. API函数：提供了关于如何调用和使用Si4438和Si4463的API接口的详细说明，这对于编写驱动程序和实现功能模块至关重要。 4. 软件开发流程：指南涵盖了软件集成、调试和测试的一般步骤，以及如何利用提供的开发工具进行高效开发。 5. 配置指导：新手开发者会找到关于如何正确配置射频参数和设置无线连接的实用建议。 6. 启动与初始化：明确的首次启动过程有助于确保设备正确运行并进入预定义的工作状态。这是一份全面的Si4438和Si4463编程指南，旨在帮助软件工程师快速上手，减少学习曲线，确保他们在实际项目中能充分利用这些无线芯片的性能。

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7. Application Programming Interface

The programming interface allows the user to do the following:

Send commands to the radio.

Read status information.

Set and get radio parameters.

Handle the Transmit and Receive FIFOs.

The API commands are listed in Table 5. The following sections describe the SPI transactions of sending

commands and getting information from the chip.

Table 5. List of the Radio API Commands

Command ID Radio API Command Description

0x02 POWER_UP Power-up device and mode selection. Modes include opera-

tional function

0x04 PATCH_IMAGE Loads image from NVM/ROM into RAM

0x00 NOP No operation command

0x01 PART_INFO Reports basic information about the device

0x10 FUNC_INFO Returns the Function revision information of the device

0x11 SET_PROPERTY Sets the value of a property

0x12 GET_PROPERTY Retrieve a property's value

0x13 GPIO_PIN_CFG Configures the GPIO pins

0x15 FIFO_INFO Provides access to transmit and receive FIFO counts and reset

0x17 IRCAL Image rejection calibration

0x20 GET_INT_STATUS Returns the interrupt status byte

0x33 REQUEST_DEVICE_STATE Request current device state

0x34 CHANGE_STATE Update state machine entries

0x14 GET_ADC_READING Retrieve the results of possible ADC conversions

0x16 PACKET_INFO Returns information about the last packet received

0x18 PROTOCOL_CFG Sets the chip up for specified protocol

0x21 GET_PH_STATUS Returns the packet handler status

0x22 GET_MODEM_STATUS Returns the modem status byte

0x23 GET_CHIP_STATUS Returns the chip status

0x36 RX_HOP Fast RX to RX transitions for use in frequency hopping

0x50 FRR_A_READ Returns Fast response register A

0x51 FRR_B_READ Returns Fast response register B

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14 Rev. 0.5

The following sections describe the SPI transactions of sending commands and getting information from the chip.

7.1. Sending Command to Radio

The behavior of the radio can be changed by sending API commands to the radio (e.g., changing the power states,

start packet transmission, etc.). The radio can be configured through several so called "properties". The properties

hold radio configuration settings, such as interrupt settings, modem parameters, packet handler settings, etc. The

properties can be set and read via API commands. For most of the commands the host MCU does not expect any

response from the radio chip. Other commands are used to read back a property from the chip such as checking

the interrupt status flags, reading the transmit/receive FIFOs.

After the radio receives a command, it processes the request. During this time, the radio is not capable of receiving

a new command. The host MCU has to poll the radio and identify when the next command can be sent. The clear

to send (CTS) signal shows the actual status of the command buffer of the radio. It can be monitored over the SPI

or on GPIOs, or the chip can generate an interrupt if it is ready to receive the next command. These three options

are detailed below.

7.2. Checking the Radio is Ready to Receive Command

7.2.1. Software Polling Method

To ensure the radio is ready to receive the next command, the host MCU has to pull down the NSEL pin to monitor

the status of CTS over the SPI port. The 0x44 command ID has to be sent and eight clock pulses have to be

generated on the SCLK pin. During the additional eight clock cycles, the radio clocks out the CTS as a byte on the

SDO pin. When completed, the NSEL should be pulled back to high. If the CTS byte is 0xFF, it means that the radio

processed the last command successfully and is ready to receive the next command; in any other case, the CTS

read procedure has to be repeated from the beginning as long as the CTS byte is not 0xFF.

Figure 6. Polling the Radio Availability

0x53 FRR_C_READ Returns Fast response register C

0x57 FRR_D_READ Returns Fast response register D

0x44 READ_CMD_BUFF Returns Clear to Send (CTS) value and the result of the previ-

ous command

0x66 WRITE_TX_FIFO Writes TX data buffer (max. 64 bytes)

0x77 READ_RX_FIFO Reads RX data buffer (max. 64 bytes)

0x31 START_TX Switches to TX state and starts packet transmission

0x32 START_RX Switches to RX state

Table 5. List of the Radio API Commands (Continued)

Command ID Radio API Command Description

0x44

NSEL

SDO

SDI

SCK

CT S

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Rev. 0.5 15

7.2.2. GPIO Checking Method

Any GPIO can be configured for monitoring the CTS. GPIOs can be configured to go either high or low when the

chip has completed the command. The function of the GPIOs can be changed by the GPIO_PIN_CFG command.

By default, GPIO1 is set as "High when command completed, low otherwise" after Power On Reset. Therefore, this

pin can be used for monitoring the CTS right after Power On Reset to know when the chip is ready to boot up.

7.2.3. NIRQ Interrupt Checking Method

The radio asserts the CHIP_READY interrupt flag if a command is completed. The interrupt flag can be monitored

by either the GET_CHIP_STATUS or the GET_INT_STATUS command. Apart from monitoring the interrupt flags,

the radio may pull down the NIRQ pin if this feature is enabled. If a new command is sent while the CTS is

asserted, then the radio ignores the new command. The Si446x can generate an interrupt to communicate this

error to the MCU by the CMD_ERROR interrupt flag in the CHIP_STATUS group. The interrupt flag has to be read

(by issuing a GET_CHIP_STATUS or GET_INTERRUPT_STATUS command) to clear the pending interrupt and

release the NIRQ pin. No other action is needed to reset the command buffer of the radio, but, after a

CMD_ERROR, the host MCU should repeat the new command after the radio has processed the previous one.

All the commands that are sent to the radio have the same structure. After pulling down the NSEL pin of the radio,

the command ID should be sent first. The commands may have up to 15 input parameters.

Figure 7. Host MCU Sends Command to Radio

7.3. Getting Response to a Command from the Radio

Reading from the radio requires several steps to be followed. The host MCU should send a command with the

address it requests to read. The radio holds the CTS while it retrieves the requested information. Once the CTS is

set (0xFF), the host MCU can read the answer from the radio.

Figure 8. Read Procedure

If the CTS is polled on the GPIOs, or the radio is configured to provide interrupt if the answer is available, then the

response can be read out from the radio with the following SPI transaction.

Send Command Read CTS

Re trieve

Response

CTS Value

Not

0xFF

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16 Rev. 0.5

Figure 9. Read the Response from Radio

If the CTS is polled over the SPI bus, first the host MCU should pull the NSEL pin low. This action should be

followed by sending out the 0x44 Read command ID and providing an additional eight clock pulses on the SCLK

pin. The radio will provide the CTS byte on its SDO pin during the additional clock pulses. If the CTS byte is 0x00,

then the response is not yet ready and the host MCU should pull up the NSEL pin and repeat the procedure from

the beginning as long as the CTS becomes 0xFF. If CTS is 0xFF, then the host MCU should keep the NSEL pin low

and provide clock cycles on the SCLK pin, as many as the data to be read out requires. The radio will clock out the

requested data on its SDO pin during the additional clock pulses.

Figure 10. Monitor CTS and Read the Response on the SPI Bus

Reading the response from the radio can be interrupted earlier. For example, if the host MCU asked for five bytes

of response, it may read fewer bytes in one SPI transaction. As long as a new command is sent, the radio keeps

the response for the last request in the command buffer. The host MCU can read the response several times in a

new SPI transaction. In such a case, the response is always provided from the first byte.

Notes:

Up to 16 bytes of response can be read from the radio in one SPI transaction. If more bytes are read, the

radio will provide the same 16 bytes of response in a circular manner.

If the command says that the host MCU expects N bytes of response, but during the read sequence, the

host MCU provides less than N bytes of clock pulses, it causes no issue for the radio. The response buffer

is reset if a new command is issued.

If the command says that the host MCU expects N bytes of response, but during the read sequence, the

host MCU provides more than N bytes of clock pulses, the radio will provide unpredictable bytes after the

first N bytes. The host MCU does not need to reset the SPI interface; it happens automatically if NSEL is

pulled low before the next command is sent.

0x44

NSEL

SDO

SD I

SCLK

CTS = 0xFF Response Byte 0 Response Byte n

0x44

NSEL

SDO

SDI

SCLK

NSEL

SDO

SDI

SCLK

Read CTS

Re trievin g Re spo nse

CTS

Response Byte 0 Resp onse Byte n

CT S V alu e

Not

0xFF

NSE L

SDO

SDI

SCLK

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Si4X6X无线开发指南：API编程与RFPicoboard控制

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