2022年ABS规则：大湖区散货船建造与分级指南

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"ABS规则手册——2022年版的《【船级社】美国船舶规范（ABS）对于在五大湖区域服务的散货船建造与分类》详细阐述了针对该特定海域船舶设计、建造和运营的一系列标准。该手册由成立于1862年的美国船舶规范（American Bureau of Shipping, ABS）发布，旨在确保在五大湖地区运营的散货船（Bulk Carriers）的安全性和符合性。 2008年，ABS对第一部分“分类条件”进行了整合，将其编入名为《所有非近海船舶分类条件规则》的通用手册中。这一举措旨在强调“第一部分”规则在ABS认证船舶、海上结构及其相关机械设备中的通用适用性，使之成为ABS规则和指南中的一种共同规则，方便查阅和执行。此补充规定专门针对五大湖服务的散货船，它不取代但需与之前的《分类条件规则》（Rules for Condition of Classification）一起使用。补充内容仅包含五大湖散货船特有的要求，这些要求可能涉及到船体结构、货物装载系统、防撞保护、环境影响评估、船舶稳定性、导航设备以及与五大湖独特的气候和水文条件相关的特殊规定。五大湖因其独特的地理特性，如冰冻季节和较浅的水域，对船舶设计有额外挑战。因此，遵守ABS规则对于确保散货船在冬季能够安全通行，避免潜在的船舶破损或事故至关重要。同时，这些规则也涵盖了船员培训、船舶维护、货物处理程序等，以保证船舶操作的高效和合规。本手册是船东、设计工程师、造船厂、检验机构以及监管机构在建造和运营五大湖散货船时的重要参考依据，旨在保障水上交通的安全与效率。任何与五大湖散货运输相关的业务都需要严格遵循ABS的这些规则，以确保船舶在满足法规要求的同时，能在复杂环境中长期稳定运行。"

C H A P T E R 2

Hull Str

uctures and Arrangements

CONTENTS

SECTION 1 Longitudinal Strength .......................................................................17

1 General......................................................................................... 17

3 Longitudinal Hull Girder Strength .................................................17

3.1 Strength Standard............................................................17

3.3 Total Bending Moment..................................................... 18

3.5 Permissible Shear Stress................................................ 21

5 Strength Deck and Other Effective Decks.................................... 22

5.1 Strength Deck.................................................................. 22

5.3 Effective Lower Decks..................................................... 23

7 Loading Guidance (14 May 1991) ...............................................

9 Higher-Strength Materials ............................................................23

9.1 General............................................................................ 23

9.3 Hull-girder Section Modulus.............................................23

9.5 Permissible Shear Stress................................................ 24

9.7 Hull-girder Moment of Inertia........................................... 24

TABLE 1 Combined Dynamic Bending Moment Distribution Factor... 25

TABLE 2 Values of Z, in in

, for Q = 1.0 (Ordinary Strength Steel)......26

TABLE 2 Values of

, in in

, for

= 0.78 ............................................27

TABLE 2 Values of

Z, in in

, for Q = 0.72.............................................28

TABLE 2 Values of

Z, in cm

, for Q = 1.0 (Ordinary Strength Steel)....29

TABLE 2 Values of

Z, in cm

, for Q = 0.78...........................................30

TABLE 2 Values of

Z, in cm

, for Q = 0.72...........................................31

FIGURE 1 Envelope of Wave-Induced Shearing Forces.......................25

SECTION 2 Shell Plating ...................................................................................... 32

1 Amidships..................................................................................... 32

3 Sheerstrake.................................................................................. 32

5 End Plating .................................................................................. 32

7 Compensation ..............................................................................32

PART 3

ABS RULES FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING BULK CARRIERS FOR SER

VICE ON THE GREAT LAKES •

2022

9 Special Material ........................................................................... 32

11 Higher-strength Steel ...................................................................33

11.1 Bottom Plating................................................................. 33

11.3 Side Shell Plating.............................................................33

11.5 End Plating...................................................................... 33

SECTION 3 Decks ................................................................................................. 34

1 General ........................................................................................ 34

3 Testing.......................................................................................... 34

5 Plating ..........................................................................................34

5.1 Freeboard Deck............................................................... 34

5.3 Lower Decks.................................................................... 34

5.5 Superstructure Decks and Tops of Houses..................... 35

5.7 Special Material Requirements........................................35

7 Beams...........................................................................................35

9 Deep Beams and Girders............................................................. 36

9.1 Strength Requirements....................................................36

9.3 Proportions...................................................................... 36

9.5 Proportions of Deep Beams and Girders in Tanks...........36

9.7 Arch Beams..................................................................... 36

11 Special Heavy Beams and Girders ..............................................37

13 Openings ..................................................................................... 37

15 Higher-strength Steel ...................................................................37

15.1 Freeboard Deck Plating................................................... 37

15.3 Lower Decks, Superstructure Decks, Deckhouse

ops, and Girder Webs.................................................... 37

15.5 Section Modulus.............................................................. 38

17 Continuous Longitudinal Hatch Coamings (14 May 1991) .......... 38

19 Hopper Slope (1 July 2017).......................................................... 38

19.1 Hopper Slope as a Part of a Tank....................................38

19.3 Hopper Slope not a Part of a Tank...................................38

TABLE 1 Minimum Thickness of Deck Plating ................................... 40

SECTION 4 Bottom Structure .............................................................................. 41

1 General......................................................................................... 41

3 Center Keelson ............................................................................ 41

5 Side Keelsons ..............................................................................41

7 Floors ...........................................................................................41

7.1 Bilge Brackets..................................................................41

9 Lightening and Access Holes....................................................... 42

11 Inner Bottom Plating .................................................................... 42

13 Bottom Structure in Self-unloading Vessels..................................42

ABS RULES FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING BULK CARRIERS FOR SER

VICE ON THE GREAT LAKES •

2022

13.1 Inner Bottom Plating........................................................ 42

13.3 Floors...............................................................................42

13.5 Longitudinal Girders.........................................................42

15 Higher-strength Materials ............................................................ 43

15.1 General............................................................................ 43

15.3 Inner Bottom Plating........................................................ 43

15.5 Center Girders, Side Girders, and Floors........................ 43

15.7 Bottom Girders in Self-unloading Vessels....................... 43

SECTION 5 Framing ..............................................................................................44

1 General ........................................................................................ 44

3 Scantlings..................................................................................... 44

5 Frame Spacing ............................................................................ 44

7 Bottom ......................................................................................... 44

9 Inner Bottom Longitudinals .......................................................... 45

11 Stringers and Webs ..................................................................... 45

11.1 Strength Requirements....................................................45

11.3 Proportions...................................................................... 46

11.5 Stiffeners and Tripping Brackets......................................46

13 Special Strengthening ..................................................................46

15 Topside Tunnel or Side Tank Structure ........................................46

17 Higher-strength Steel ...................................................................46

17.1 Section Modulus.............................................................. 46

17.3 Plating..............................................................................47

19 Struts............................................................................................ 47

SECTION 6 Watertight Bulkheads ....................................................................... 49

1 General......................................................................................... 49

3 Arrangement of Watertight Bulkheads .........................................49

3.1 Collision Bulkheads......................................................... 49

3.3 After Peak Bulkheads...................................................... 49

3.5 Machinery Space............................................................. 49

5 Chain Lockers ..............................................................................49

7 Construction of Watertight Bulkheads ......................................... 50

7.1 Plating..............................................................................50

7.3 Stiffeners..........................................................................50

7.5 Stringers and Webs......................................................... 50

7.7 Watertight Doors..............................................................51

7.9 Testing............................................................................. 51

9 Higher-strength Steel ...................................................................51

9.1 Section Modulus.............................................................. 52

9.3 Plating..............................................................................52

11 Construction of Screen Bulkheads (1 July 2017)..........................

ABS RULES FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING BULK CARRIERS FOR SER

VICE ON THE GREAT LAKES •

2022

13 Construction of Corrugated Bulkheads (Not in way of Cargo

Holds)

........................................................................................... 55

13.1 Self-propelled Vessels..................................................... 55

13.3 Barges............................................................................. 55

FIGURE 1 Curves for Watertight Bulkhead Plating Thickness –

Inch Units ............................................................................ 53

FIGURE 1 Curves for Watertight Bulkhead Plating Thickness –

Metric Units ......................................................................... 54

FIGURE 2 Screen Bulkhead Section Modulus Calculation –

Double Hulls (1 July 2017)...................................................55

SECTION 7 Tank Boundary Bulkheads ...............................................................56

1 General ........................................................................................ 56

3 Construction of Tank Boundary Bulkheads...................................56

3.1 Plating..............................................................................56

3.3 Stiffeners..........................................................................56

3.5 Stringers and Webs......................................................... 57

3.7 Attachments.....................................................................57

3.9 Corrugated Bulkheads..................................................... 57

5 Testing ......................................................................................... 58

7 Topside Tunnel or Side Tank Bulkheads ......................................58

9 Higher-strength Steel....................................................................58

9.1 Section Modulus.............................................................. 58

9.3 Plating..............................................................................58

FIGURE 1 Curves for Tank Bulkhead Plating Thickness – Inch Units ..59

FIGURE 1 Curves for Tank Bulkhead Plating Thickness – Metric

Units ....................................................................................60

SECTION 8 Superstructures and Deckhouses ...................................................61

1 Superstructures ........................................................................... 61

1.1 Side Plating......................................................................61

1.3 Side Frames.................................................................... 61

1.5 Decks...............................................................................62

1.7 Superstructure Bulkheads and Deckhouse

Bulkheads on Freeboard Deck........................................ 62

1.9 Windlass Room Bulkhead................................................63

3 Deckhouses on Superstructure Decks ........................................ 63

3.1 Bulkheads........................................................................ 63

3.3 Stacks.............................................................................. 64

3.5 House Tops......................................................................64

5 Openings...................................................................................... 65

5.1 .........................................................................................65

ABS RULES FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING BULK CARRIERS FOR SER

VICE ON THE GREAT LAKES •

2022

5.3 .........................................................................................65

7 Higher-strength Steel ...................................................................65

7.1 Section Modulus.............................................................. 65

7.3 Deck Plating.....................................................................65

7.5 Side and Bulkhead Plating...............................................65

FIGURE 1 Swage Panel........................................................................63

SECTION 9 Protection of Deck Openings (9 May 1996) ....................................

1 General......................................................................................... 67

2 Position of Deck Openings .......................................................... 67

5 Hatchway Coamings ....................................................................67

5.1 Height of Coamings......................................................... 67

5.3 Coaming Plates............................................................... 67

5.5 Coaming Stiffening.......................................................... 68

5.7 Continuous Longitudinal Hatch Coamings.......................68

7 Hatchways Closed by Sectional Sliding Covers and Secured

Weathertight by Tarpaulins and Battening Devices ..................... 68

7.1 Sliding Steel Hatch Covers.............................................. 68

7.3 Cleats...............................................................................68

7.5 Wedges............................................................................68

7.7 Battening Bars................................................................. 68

7.9 Tarpaulins........................................................................ 68

7.11 Security of Hatchway Covers...........................................68

9 Hatchways Closed by Covers of Steel Fitted with Gaskets

and Clamping Devices .................................................................69

9.1 Strength of Covers...........................................................69

9.3 Other Materials................................................................ 69

9.5 Means for Securing Weathertightness.............................69

11 Miscellaneous Openings in Freeboard and Superstructure

Decks ...........................................................................................70

11.1 Manholes and Scuttles.................................................... 70

11.3 Other Openings............................................................... 70

11.5 Escape Openings............................................................ 70

11.7 Companionway Sills........................................................ 70

APPENDIX 1 Calculation of Shear Stresses ......................................................... 71

1 General ........................................................................................ 71

3 Shear Stress ................................................................................ 71

5 Allowable Still-water Shearing Force............................................ 72

FIGURE 1 Shear Distribution Configurations Type 1.............................72

ABS RULES FOR BUILDING AND CLASSING BULK CARRIERS FOR SER

VICE ON THE GREAT LAKES •

2022

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