2004版IEEE POSIX基础定义：操作系统的开放标准核心

操作系统

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Contents

3.390 Terminal (or Terminal Device)................................................................. 89

3.391 Text Column................................................................................................. 89

3.392 Text File......................................................................................................... 89

3.393 Thread ........................................................................................................... 89

3.394 Thread ID...................................................................................................... 90

3.395 Thread List ................................................................................................... 90

3.396 Thread-Safe.................................................................................................. 90

3.397 Thread-Speciﬁc Data Key.......................................................................... 90

3.398 Tilde............................................................................................................... 9

3.399 Timeouts....................................................................................................... 90

3.400 Timer ............................................................................................................. 90

3.401 Timer Overrun............................................................................................. 90

3.402 Token ............................................................................................................. 91

3.403 Trace Analyzer Process.............................................................................. 91

3.404 Trace Controller Process............................................................................ 91

3.405 Trace Event................................................................................................... 91

3.406 Trace Event Type......................................................................................... 91

3.407 Trace Event Type Mapping....................................................................... 91

3.408 Trace Filter.................................................................................................... 91

3.409 Trace Generation Version.......................................................................... 91

3.410 Trace Log....................................................................................................... 91

3.411 Trace Point.................................................................................................... 92

3.412 Trace Stream................................................................................................. 92

3.413 Trace Stream Identiﬁer............................................................................... 92

3.414 Trace System ................................................................................................ 92

3.415 Traced Process ............................................................................................. 92

3.416 Tracing Status of a Trace Stream.............................................................. 92

3.417 Typed Memory Name Space.................................................................... 92

3.418 Typed Memory Object ............................................................................... 92

3.419 Typed Memory Pool................................................................................... 92

3.420 Typed Memory Port ................................................................................... 93

3.421 Unbind........................................................................................................... 93

3.422 Unit Data....................................................................................................... 93

3.423 Upshifting..................................................................................................... 93

3.424 User Database.............................................................................................. 93

3.425 User ID .......................................................................................................... 93

3.426 User Name.................................................................................................... 93

3.427 User Trace Event ......................................................................................... 94

3.428 Utility............................................................................................................. 94

3.429 Variable ......................................................................................................... 94

3.430 Vertical-Tab Character (<vertical-tab>) ................................................. 94

3.431 White Space.................................................................................................. 94

3.432 Wide-Character Code (C Language) ...................................................... 94

3.433 Wide-Character Input/Output Functions............................................. 94

3.434 Wide-Character String............................................................................... 95

3.435 Word.............................................................................................................. 95

3.436 Working Directory (or Current Working Directory)........................... 95

3.437 Worldwide Portability Interface.............................................................. 95

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Contents

3.438 Write .............................................................................................................. 95

3.439 XSI..................................................................................................................

3.440 XSI-Conformant.......................................................................................... 95

3.441 Zombie Process ........................................................................................... 96

3.442 ±0.................................................................................................................... 96

Chapter 4 General Concepts

................................................................................... 97

4.1 Concurrent Execution................................................................................ 97

4.2 Directory Protection................................................................................... 97

4.3 Extended Security Controls...................................................................... 97

4.4 File Access Permissions............................................................................. 97

4.5 File Hierarchy .............................................................................................. 98

4.6 Filenames...................................................................................................... 98

4.7 File Times Update....................................................................................... 98

4.8 Host and Network Byte Orders............................................................... 99

4.9 Measurement of Execution Time............................................................. 99

4.10 Memory Synchronization.......................................................................... 100

4.11 Pathname Resolution................................................................................. 100

4.12 Process ID Reuse......................................................................................... 101

4.13 Scheduling Policy........................................................................................ 101

4.14 Seconds Since the Epoch ........................................................................... 102

4.15 Semaphore.................................................................................................... 102

4.16 Thread-Safety............................................................................................... 103

4.17 Tracing........................................................................................................... 103

4.18 Treatment of Error Conditions for Mathematical Functions............. 105

4.18.1 Domain Error............................................................................................ 105

4.18.2 Pole Error................................................................................................... 106

4.18.3 Range Error ............................................................................................... 106

4.18.3.1 Result Overﬂows .................................................................................. 106

4.18.3.2 Result Underﬂows................................................................................ 106

4.19 Treatment of NaN Arguments for the Mathematical Functions ...... 106

4.20 Utility............................................................................................................. 107

4.21 Variable Assignment.................................................................................. 107

Chapter 5 File Format Notation

............................................................................ 109

Chapter 6 Character Set

............................................................................................. 113

6.1 Portable Character Set................................................................................ 113

6.2 Character Encoding.................................................................................... 116

6.3 C Language Wide-Character Codes ....................................................... 117

6.4 Character Set Description File.................................................................. 117

6.4.1 State-Dependent Character Encodings ............................................... 120

Chapter 7 Locale

............................................................................................................. 123

7.1 General.......................................................................................................... 123

7.2 POSIX Locale ............................................................................................... 124

7.3 Locale Deﬁnition......................................................................................... 124

7.3.1 LC_CTYPE................................................................................................. 126

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Contents

7.3.1.1 LC_CTYPE Category in the POSIX Locale...................................... 130

7.3.2 LC_COLLATE........................................................................................... 134

7.3.2.1 The collating-element Keyword........................................................ 135

7.3.2.2 The collating-symbol Keyword ......................................................... 136

7.3.2.3 The order_start Keyword.................................................................... 136

7.3.2.4 Collation Order ..................................................................................... 137

7.3.2.5 The order_end Keyword ..................................................................... 139

7.3.2.6 LC_COLLATE Category in the POSIX Locale................................ 139

7.3.3 LC_MONETARY...................................................................................... 142

7.3.3.1 LC_MONETARY Category in the POSIX Locale........................... 144

7.3.4 LC_NUMERIC.......................................................................................... 145

7.3.4.1 LC_NUMERIC Category in the POSIX Locale............................... 146

7.3.5 LC_TIME.................................................................................................... 147

7.3.5.1 LC_TIME Locale Deﬁnition................................................................ 147

7.3.5.2 LC_TIME C-Language Access ........................................................... 149

7.3.5.3 LC_TIME Category in the POSIX Locale......................................... 150

7.3.6 LC_MESSAGES........................................................................................ 152

7.3.6.1 LC_MESSAGES Category in the POSIX Locale ............................. 153

7.4 Locale Deﬁnition Grammar...................................................................... 153

7.4.1 Locale Lexical Conventions................................................................... 153

7.4.2 Locale Grammar....................................................................................... 154

Chapter 8 Environment Variables

....................................................................... 161

8.1 Environment Variable Deﬁnition ............................................................ 161

8.2 Internationalization Variables.................................................................. 162

8.3 Other Environment Variables................................................................... 165

Chapter 9 Regular Expressions

............................................................................. 169

9.1 Regular Expression Deﬁnitions ............................................................... 169

9.2 Regular Expression General Requirements........................................... 170

9.3 Basic Regular Expressions ........................................................................ 171

9.3.1 BREs Matching a Single Character or Collating Element................ 171

9.3.2 BRE Ordinary Characters....................................................................... 171

9.3.3 BRE Special Characters........................................................................... 171

9.3.4 Periods in BREs......................................................................................... 172

9.3.5 RE Bracket Expression............................................................................ 172

9.3.6 BREs Matching Multiple Characters.................................................... 174

9.3.7 BRE Precedence........................................................................................ 175

9.3.8 BRE Expression Anchoring.................................................................... 175

9.4 Extended Regular Expressions ................................................................ 175

9.4.1 EREs Matching a Single Character or Collating Element................ 176

9.4.2 ERE Ordinary Characters....................................................................... 176

9.4.3 ERE Special Characters........................................................................... 176

9.4.4 Periods in EREs......................................................................................... 177

9.4.5 ERE Bracket Expression.......................................................................... 177

9.4.6 EREs Matching Multiple Characters.................................................... 177

9.4.7 ERE Alternation........................................................................................ 178

9.4.8 ERE Precedence........................................................................................ 178

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Contents

9.4.9 ERE Expression Anchoring.................................................................... 178

9.5 Regular Expression Grammar.................................................................. 179

9.5.1 BRE/ERE Grammar Lexical Conventions.......................................... 179

9.5.2 RE and Bracket Expression Grammar................................................. 180

9.5.3 ERE Grammar........................................................................................... 182

Chapter 10 Directory Structure and Devices

.................................................. 185

10.1 Directory Structure and Files ................................................................... 185

10.2 Output Devices and Terminal Types...................................................... 185

Chapter 11 General Terminal Interface

.............................................................. 187

11.1 Interface Characteristics............................................................................ 187

11.1.1 Opening a Terminal Device File ........................................................... 187

11.1.2 Process Groups......................................................................................... 187

11.1.3 The Controlling Terminal....................................................................... 188

11.1.4 Terminal Access Control........................................................................ 188

11.1.5 Input Processing and Reading Data..................................................... 189

11.1.6 Canonical Mode Input Processing ....................................................... 189

11.1.7 Non-Canonical Mode Input Processing.............................................. 190

11.1.8 Writing Data and Output Processing .................................................. 191

11.1.9 Special Characters.................................................................................... 191

11.1.10 Modem Disconnect.................................................................................. 192

11.1.11 Closing a Terminal Device File ............................................................. 192

11.2 Parameters that Can be Set....................................................................... 193

11.2.1 The termios Structure ............................................................................. 193

11.2.2 Input Modes.............................................................................................. 193

11.2.3 Output Modes .......................................................................................... 194

11.2.4 Control Modes.......................................................................................... 196

11.2.5 Local Modes.............................................................................................. 197

11.2.6 Special Control Characters .................................................................... 198

Chapter 12 Utility Conventions

.............................................................................. 201

12.1 Utility Argument Syntax........................................................................... 201

12.2 Utility Syntax Guidelines.......................................................................... 203

Chapter 13 Headers

......................................................................................................... 205

13.1 Format of Entries......................................................................................... 205

<aio.h>............................................................................................................. 206

<arpa/inet.h>.................................................................................................. 208

<assert.h>........................................................................................................ 209

<complex.h>................................................................................................... 210

<cpio.h>........................................................................................................... 213

<ctype.h>......................................................................................................... 214

<dirent.h>........................................................................................................ 216

<dlfcn.h>......................................................................................................... 218

<errno.h>......................................................................................................... 219

<fcntl.h>.......................................................................................................... 223

<fenv.h>........................................................................................................... 226

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Contents

<ﬂoat.h>........................................................................................................... 229

<fmtmsg.h>.................................................................................................... 233

<fnmatch.h>................................................................................................... 235

<ftw.h>............................................................................................................. 236

<glob.h>........................................................................................................... 238

<grp.h>............................................................................................................. 240

<iconv.h>......................................................................................................... 241

<inttypes.h>.................................................................................................... 242

<iso646.h>....................................................................................................... 244

<langinfo.h>................................................................................................... 245

<libgen.h>....................................................................................................... 248

<limits.h>........................................................................................................ 249

<locale.h>........................................................................................................ 264

<math.h>......................................................................................................... 266

<monetary.h>................................................................................................. 273

<mqueue.h>.................................................................................................... 274

<ndbm.h>........................................................................................................ 276

<net/if.h>......................................................................................................... 277

<netdb.h>........................................................................................................ 278

<netinet/in.h>................................................................................................. 282

<netinet/tcp.h>............................................................................................... 286

<nl_types.h>................................................................................................... 287

<poll.h>........................................................................................................... 288

<pthread.h>.................................................................................................... 290

<pwd.h>........................................................................................................... 295

<regex.h>......................................................................................................... 296

<sched.h>........................................................................................................ 298

<search.h>....................................................................................................... 300

<semaphore.h>.............................................................................................. 302

<setjmp.h>...................................................................................................... 303

<signal.h>....................................................................................................... 304

<spawn.h>....................................................................................................... 312

<stdarg.h>....................................................................................................... 314

<stdbool.h>..................................................................................................... 316

<stddef.h>....................................................................................................... 317

<stdint.h>........................................................................................................ 318

<stdio.h>.......................................................................................................... 325

<stdlib.h>........................................................................................................ 329

<string.h>........................................................................................................ 333

<strings.h>...................................................................................................... 335

<stropts.h>...................................................................................................... 336

<sys/ipc.h>...................................................................................................... 341

<sys/mman.h>................................................................................................ 343

<sys/msg.h>.................................................................................................... 346

<sys/resource.h>............................................................................................ 347

<sys/select.h>................................................................................................. 349

<sys/sem.h>.................................................................................................... 351

<sys/shm.h>.................................................................................................... 353

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