掺杂对溶胶-凝胶法制备尖晶石LiMn2O4晶粒生长的影响

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本文研究了掺杂对通过溶胶-凝胶法制备的尖晶石结构LiMn2O4颗粒生长的影响。实验中,以LiOH和Mn(NO3)2为起始原料,柠檬酸为载体,分别用Al(NO3)3·9H2O、Co(NO3)2·6H2O、Ni(NO3)2·6H2O或Zn(NO3)2·6H2O作为掺杂剂,合成了Li1+yMxMn2-xO4 (M = Al, Co, Ni, Zn, y = 0.02, x = 0.02) 的阴极活性材料。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(IR)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对样品的结构特性进行了分析。 文章指出,所制备的样品经XRD确认具有尖晶石结构,空间群为Fd3m。随着烧结温度的升高,颗粒尺寸逐渐增大。通过阿累尼乌斯经验关系,估计了颗粒生长的活化能。这些发现揭示了掺杂元素对尖晶石LiMn2O4结构和颗粒生长行为的重要影响。 掺杂在锂离子电池的阴极材料中起着关键作用,可以改善材料的电化学性能。例如,Al、Co、Ni和Zn的掺杂可能改变LiMn2O4的晶体结构,提高其热稳定性,减少锰溶解,并可能优化锂离子扩散路径,从而提高电池的充放电效率和循环稳定性。此外,颗粒大小的控制对于电极材料的电导性、比表面积以及电池的整体性能至关重要。增大颗粒尺寸可以降低内阻,但可能会影响材料的电化学反应表面积,因此需要找到一个平衡点。 溶胶-凝胶法是一种常用的无机材料合成方法,因其可以实现均匀的元素混合、精细调控材料的组成和结构而备受青睐。在这个过程中,前驱体溶液经过凝胶化、老化和热处理,形成具有所需结构和性能的固态产物。通过调整工艺参数如pH值、溶剂类型、热处理条件等,可以控制材料的粒度和形貌。 总结来说,这篇研究详细探讨了不同掺杂元素(Al、Co、Ni、Zn)对尖晶石LiMn2O4颗粒生长的影响,发现掺杂能够调控材料的结构特性,进而影响其电化学性能。同时,溶胶-凝胶法制备过程中的烧结温度对颗粒大小有显著影响,这与颗粒生长的活化能紧密相关。这些发现对于优化锂离子电池的阴极材料设计和提高电池性能具有重要的理论和实际意义。

n the present research, a hybrid laser polishing technology combining pulsed laser and continuous wave laser was applied to polish the surface of laser directed energy deposition (LDED) Inconel 718 superalloy components. The surface morphology, microstructure evolution and microhardness of the as-fabricated, the single pulsed laser polishing (SPLP) and the hybrid laser polishing (HLP) processed samples were investigated. The results revealed that the as-fabricated sample has a rough surface with sintered powders. In the matrix, the NbC carbide and Cr2Nb based Laves phase array parallel to the build direction and the small γʺ-Ni3Nb particles precipitate in matrix uniformly. The surface roughness of the as-fabricated sample is 15.75 μm which is decreased to 6.14 μm and 0.23 μm by SPLP and HLP processing, respectively. The SPLP processing refines the grains and secondary phase significantly in the remelted layer which is reconstructured with the cellular structure and plenty of substructures. The HLP processing also refines the grain and secondary phase but the secondary phases still exhibit array distribution. In addition, the tangled dislocations pile up along the interface of secondary phases. Compared with the as-fabricated sample, the SPLP processing decreases the surface microhardness but the HLP processing increases the surface microhardness, and the Young's elasticity modulus of surface layer is improved by SPLP and HLP processing to 282 ± 5.21 GPa and 304 ± 5.57 GPa, respectively. 翻译

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