请用matlab设计一款用于演示单矩孔和圆孔的夫琅禾费衍射用户界面。

为了设计这样一个用户界面，需要遵循以下步骤：

1. 创建一个GUI窗口：在MATLAB中，可以使用GUIDE工具创建GUI窗口。在窗口中添加必要的控件，例如按钮、文本框、图像等。

2. 添加用户交互功能：添加用户交互功能，例如单击按钮触发事件、文本框输入等。

3. 编写算法：根据夫琅禾费衍射理论，编写单矩孔和圆孔的衍射公式。在MATLAB中，可以使用FFT函数实现傅里叶变换。

4. 显示结果：将算法的计算结果显示在GUI窗口中，例如用图像显示衍射图案。

下面是一个可能的示例代码：

function varargout = diffract_GUI(varargin)
% DIFfract_GUI MATLAB code for diffract_GUI.fig
%      DIFfract_GUI, by itself, creates a new DIFfract_GUI or raises the existing
%      singleton*.
%
%      H = DIFfract_GUI returns the handle to a new DIFfract_GUI or the handle to
%      the existing singleton*.
%
%      DIFfract_GUI('CALLBACK',hObject,eventData,handles,...) calls the local
%      function named CALLBACK in DIFfract_GUI.M with the given input arguments.
%
%      DIFfract_GUI('Property','Value',...) creates a new DIFfract_GUI or raises the
%      existing singleton*.  Starting from the left, property value pairs are
%      applied to the GUI before diffract_GUI_OpeningFcn gets called.  An
%      unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application
%      stop.  All inputs are passed to diffract_GUI_OpeningFcn via varargin.
%
%      *See GUI Options on GUIDE's Tools menu.  Choose "GUI allows only one
%      instance to run (singleton)".
%
% See also: GUIDE, GUIDATA, GUIHANDLES

% Edit the above text to modify the response to help diffract_GUI

% Last Modified by GUIDE v2.5 25-Nov-2020 16:23:11

% Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
gui_Singleton = 1;
gui_State = struct('gui_Name',       mfilename, ...
                   'gui_Singleton',  gui_Singleton, ...
                   'gui_OpeningFcn', @diffract_GUI_OpeningFcn, ...
                   'gui_OutputFcn',  @diffract_GUI_OutputFcn, ...
                   'gui_LayoutFcn',  [] , ...
                   'gui_Callback',   []);
if nargin && ischar(varargin{1})
    gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1});
end

if nargout
    [varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
else
    gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
end
% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT


% --- Executes just before diffract_GUI is made visible.
function diffract_GUI_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)
% This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.
% hObject    handle to figure
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% varargin   command line arguments to diffract_GUI (see VARARGIN)

% Choose default command line output for diffract_GUI
handles.output = hObject;

% Update handles structure
guidata(hObject, handles);

% UIWAIT makes diffract_GUI wait for user response (see UIRESUME)
% uiwait(handles.figure1);


% --- Outputs from this function are returned to the command line.
function varargout = diffract_GUI_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles) 
% varargout  cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT);
% hObject    handle to figure
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% Get default command line output from handles structure
varargout{1} = handles.output;


% --- Executes on button press in rect_button.
function rect_button_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to rect_button (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% Get the input parameters
a = str2num(get(handles.rect_width, 'String'));
b = str2num(get(handles.rect_height, 'String'));
lambda = str2num(get(handles.rect_lambda, 'String'));
L = str2num(get(handles.rect_L, 'String'));
N = str2num(get(handles.rect_N, 'String'));

% Compute the diffraction pattern
dx = a/N;
dy = b/N;
x = linspace(-a/2, a/2, N);
y = linspace(-b/2, b/2, N);
[X,Y] = meshgrid(x,y);
R = sqrt(X.^2+Y.^2);
theta = atan2(Y,X);
k = 2*pi/lambda;
factor = exp(1i*k/(2*L)*R.^2);
rect = zeros(size(R));
rect(abs(X)<a/2 & abs(Y)<b/2) = 1;
F = fftshift(fft2(rect.*factor))*dx*dy;
I = abs(F).^2;

% Plot the diffraction pattern
axes(handles.rect_axes);
imagesc(x,y,I);
xlabel('x (m)');
ylabel('y (m)');
title('Rectangular aperture diffraction pattern');


% --- Executes on button press in circle_button.
function circle_button_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to circle_button (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% Get the input parameters
r = str2num(get(handles.circle_radius, 'String'));
lambda = str2num(get(handles.circle_lambda, 'String'));
L = str2num(get(handles.circle_L, 'String'));
N = str2num(get(handles.circle_N, 'String'));

% Compute the diffraction pattern
dx = 2*r/N;
dy = 2*r/N;
x = linspace(-r, r, N);
y = linspace(-r, r, N);
[X,Y] = meshgrid(x,y);
R = sqrt(X.^2+Y.^2);
theta = atan2(Y,X);
k = 2*pi/lambda;
factor = exp(1i*k/(2*L)*R.^2);
circle = zeros(size(R));
circle(R<r) = 1;
F = fftshift(fft2(circle.*factor))*dx*dy;
I = abs(F).^2;

% Plot the diffraction pattern
axes(handles.circle_axes);
imagesc(x,y,I);
xlabel('x (m)');
ylabel('y (m)');
title('Circular aperture diffraction pattern');


function rect_width_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to rect_width (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)


% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function rect_width_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to rect_width (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called


function rect_height_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to rect_height (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)


% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function rect_height_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to rect_height (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called


function rect_lambda_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to rect_lambda (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)


% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function rect_lambda_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to rect_lambda (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called


function rect_L_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to rect_L (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)


% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function rect_L_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to rect_L (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called


function rect_N_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to rect_N (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)


% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function rect_N_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to rect_N (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called


function circle_radius_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to circle_radius (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)


% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function circle_radius_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to circle_radius (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called


function circle_lambda_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to circle_lambda (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)


% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function circle_lambda_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to circle_lambda (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called


function circle_L_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to circle_L (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)


% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function circle_L_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to circle_L (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called


function circle_N_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to circle_N (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)


% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function circle_N_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to circle_N (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called

这个代码包含了两个按钮，分别对应单矩孔和圆孔的衍射。每个按钮的点击事件都会触发一些MATLAB代码，用于计算和显示衍射图案。此外，还包括一些文本框，用于输入参数。运行GUI窗口后，用户可以在文本框中输入参数，然后单击按钮计算并显示结果。