python设计五子棋代码人机对战

为了实现五子棋的人机对战，需要实现以下几个步骤：

1. 画出棋盘：使用Pygame库画出一个19×19或15×15的棋盘。

2. 实现落子：使用鼠标点击棋盘上的空白位置，将黑子或白子落在该位置。

3. 实现判断胜负：每次落子后，需要判断是否有一方获胜。可以通过判断横向、纵向、斜向是否有五个连续的同色棋子来判断胜负。

4. 实现人机对战：可以使用Minimax算法实现人机对战。该算法是一种博弈树搜索算法，通过搜索所有可能的落子情况，找到最优的落子位置。

下面是一个简单的Python代码实现五子棋的人机对战：

import pygame
import sys
import random

# 初始化Pygame
pygame.init()

# 设置棋盘大小
BOARD_SIZE = 15
CELL_SIZE = 40
GRID_SIZE = CELL_SIZE * (BOARD_SIZE - 1)
SCREEN_SIZE = (GRID_SIZE + CELL_SIZE, GRID_SIZE + CELL_SIZE)

# 设置颜色
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
GRAY = (200, 200, 200)

# 初始化屏幕
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(SCREEN_SIZE)
pygame.display.set_caption('五子棋')

# 绘制棋盘
def draw_board():
    for i in range(BOARD_SIZE):
        pygame.draw.line(screen, BLACK, (CELL_SIZE, CELL_SIZE*i+CELL_SIZE), (GRID_SIZE+CELL_SIZE, CELL_SIZE*i+CELL_SIZE), 2)
        pygame.draw.line(screen, BLACK, (CELL_SIZE*i+CELL_SIZE, CELL_SIZE), (CELL_SIZE*i+CELL_SIZE, GRID_SIZE+CELL_SIZE), 2)
    pygame.display.update()

# 落子
def drop_piece(board, row, col, piece):
    board[row][col] = piece

# 判断胜负
def is_winner(board, piece):
    # 判断横向是否有五个连续的同色棋子
    for i in range(BOARD_SIZE):
        for j in range(BOARD_SIZE-4):
            if board[i][j] == piece and board[i][j+1] == piece and board[i][j+2] == piece and board[i][j+3] == piece and board[i][j+4] == piece:
                return True
    # 判断纵向是否有五个连续的同色棋子
    for i in range(BOARD_SIZE-4):
        for j in range(BOARD_SIZE):
            if board[i][j] == piece and board[i+1][j] == piece and board[i+2][j] == piece and board[i+3][j] == piece and board[i+4][j] == piece:
                return True
    # 判断斜向是否有五个连续的同色棋子
    for i in range(BOARD_SIZE-4):
        for j in range(BOARD_SIZE-4):
            if board[i][j] == piece and board[i+1][j+1] == piece and board[i+2][j+2] == piece and board[i+3][j+3] == piece and board[i+4][j+4] == piece:
                return True
            if board[i][j+4] == piece and board[i+1][j+3] == piece and board[i+2][j+2] == piece and board[i+3][j+1] == piece and board[i+4][j] == piece:
                return True
    return False

# Minimax算法
def minimax(board, depth, alpha, beta, maximizingPlayer):
    if depth == 0 or is_winner(board, 'B') or is_winner(board, 'W'):
        return evaluate(board)
    if maximizingPlayer:
        maxEval = -float('inf')
        for i in range(BOARD_SIZE):
            for j in range(BOARD_SIZE):
                if board[i][j] == '':
                    board[i][j] = 'B'
                    eval = minimax(board, depth-1, alpha, beta, False)
                    board[i][j] = ''
                    maxEval = max(maxEval, eval)
                    alpha = max(alpha, eval)
                    if beta <= alpha:
                        break
        return maxEval
    else:
        minEval = float('inf')
        for i in range(BOARD_SIZE):
            for j in range(BOARD_SIZE):
                if board[i][j] == '':
                    board[i][j] = 'W'
                    eval = minimax(board, depth-1, alpha, beta, True)
                    board[i][j] = ''
                    minEval = min(minEval, eval)
                    beta = min(beta, eval)
                    if beta <= alpha:
                        break
        return minEval

# 评估函数
def evaluate(board):
    score = 0
    # 判断横向是否有连续的同色棋子
    for i in range(BOARD_SIZE):
        for j in range(BOARD_SIZE-4):
            if board[i][j] == 'B' and board[i][j+1] == 'B' and board[i][j+2] == 'B' and board[i][j+3] == 'B' and board[i][j+4] == 'B':
                score += 100
            elif board[i][j] == 'W' and board[i][j+1] == 'W' and board[i][j+2] == 'W' and board[i][j+3] == 'W' and board[i][j+4] == 'W':
                score -= 100
    # 判断纵向是否有连续的同色棋子
    for i in range(BOARD_SIZE-4):
        for j in range(BOARD_SIZE):
            if board[i][j] == 'B' and board[i+1][j] == 'B' and board[i+2][j] == 'B' and board[i+3][j] == 'B' and board[i+4][j] == 'B':
                score += 100
            elif board[i][j] == 'W' and board[i+1][j] == 'W' and board[i+2][j] == 'W' and board[i+3][j] == 'W' and board[i+4][j] == 'W':
                score -= 100
    # 判断斜向是否有连续的同色棋子
    for i in range(BOARD_SIZE-4):
        for j in range(BOARD_SIZE-4):
            if board[i][j] == 'B' and board[i+1][j+1] == 'B' and board[i+2][j+2] == 'B' and board[i+3][j+3] == 'B' and board[i+4][j+4] == 'B':
                score += 100
            elif board[i][j] == 'W' and board[i+1][j+1] == 'W' and board[i+2][j+2] == 'W' and board[i+3][j+3] == 'W' and board[i+4][j+4] == 'W':
                score -= 100
            if board[i][j+4] == 'B' and board[i+1][j+3] == 'B' and board[i+2][j+2] == 'B' and board[i+3][j+1] == 'B' and board[i+4][j] == 'B':
                score += 100
            elif board[i][j+4] == 'W' and board[i+1][j+3] == 'W' and board[i+2][j+2] == 'W' and board[i+3][j+1] == 'W' and board[i+4][j] == 'W':
                score -= 100
    return score

# 电脑落子
def computer_move(board):
    bestScore = -float('inf')
    bestMove = None
    for i in range(BOARD_SIZE):
        for j in range(BOARD_SIZE):
            if board[i][j] == '':
                board[i][j] = 'B'
                score = minimax(board, 3, -float('inf'), float('inf'), False)
                board[i][j] = ''
                if score > bestScore:
                    bestScore = score
                    bestMove = (i, j)
    return bestMove

# 初始化棋盘
board = [['' for i in range(BOARD_SIZE)] for j in range(BOARD_SIZE)]

# 游戏循环
while True:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            sys.exit()
        elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
            if event.button == 1:
                x, y = event.pos
                row = round((y - CELL_SIZE) / CELL_SIZE)
                col = round((x - CELL_SIZE) / CELL_SIZE)
                if row >= 0 and row < BOARD_SIZE and col >= 0 and col < BOARD_SIZE and board[row][col] == '':
                    drop_piece(board, row, col, 'W')
                    if is_winner(board, 'W'):
                        print('你赢了！')
                        sys.exit()
                    row, col = computer_move(board)
                    drop_piece(board, row, col, 'B')
                    if is_winner(board, 'B'):
                        print('电脑赢了！')
                        sys.exit()

    # 绘制棋盘和棋子
    screen.fill(GRAY)
    draw_board()
    for i in range(BOARD_SIZE):
        for j in range(BOARD_SIZE):
            if board[i][j] == 'W':
                pygame.draw.circle(screen, WHITE, (j*CELL_SIZE+CELL_SIZE, i*CELL_SIZE+CELL_SIZE), CELL_SIZE//2-2)
            elif board[i][j] == 'B':
                pygame.draw.circle(screen, BLACK, (j*CELL_SIZE+CELL_SIZE, i*CELL_SIZE+CELL_SIZE), CELL_SIZE//2-2)
    pygame.display.update()