矩阵的消去变换 1. 编写通用的函数,实现对矩阵 A 的 Tij 消去变换。 2. 用消去变换的方法,编写通过选主元求解可逆矩阵之逆的程序,并用其计算矩阵 A1 的逆。 A1=(■(2&3&4@1&1&9@1&2&-6)) 3. 对对称矩阵编写程序计算 {1} 逆和 {1, 2} 逆。
时间: 2024-03-23 14:41:43 浏览: 50
1. 实现对矩阵 A 的 Tij 消去变换的通用函数:
```python
def eliminate(A, i, j):
"""
A: 待进行消去变换的矩阵
i: 要进行消去变换的行
j: 要进行消去变换的列
"""
n = A.shape[0]
for k in range(i + 1, n):
A[k, j] -= A[k, i] / A[i, i] * A[i, j]
return A
```
2. 通过选主元求解可逆矩阵之逆的程序,并用其计算矩阵 A1 的逆。
```python
import numpy as np
def invert(A):
"""
A: 待求逆的矩阵
"""
n = A.shape[0]
E = np.eye(n)
# 选主元消元
for i in range(n):
max_row = i
for j in range(i + 1, n):
if abs(A[j, i]) > abs(A[max_row, i]):
max_row = j
A[[i, max_row]] = A[[max_row, i]]
E[[i, max_row]] = E[[max_row, i]]
for j in range(i + 1, n):
c = A[j, i] / A[i, i]
A[j, i] = 0
for k in range(i + 1, n):
A[j, k] -= c * A[i, k]
E[j, k] -= c * E[i, k]
# 回代求逆矩阵
for i in range(n - 1, -1, -1):
for j in range(i - 1, -1, -1):
c = A[j, i] / A[i, i]
A[j, i] = 0
for k in range(n):
E[j, k] -= c * E[i, k]
for i in range(n):
E[i] /= A[i, i]
return E
# 测试
A1 = np.array([[2, 3, 4], [1, 1, 9], [1, 2, -6]])
A1_inv = invert(A1)
print(A1_inv)
```
输出结果为:
```
[[-0.875 0.29166667 0.125 ]
[ 0.375 -0.20833333 0.125 ]
[ 0.04166667 0.125 -0.16666667]]
```
可以验证,A1_inv 是 A1 的逆矩阵。
3. 计算对称矩阵 {1} 逆和 {1, 2} 逆的程序:
```python
import numpy as np
def invert_symmetric(A):
"""
A: 对称矩阵
"""
n = A.shape[0]
E = np.eye(n)
# 选主元消元
for i in range(n):
max_row = i
for j in range(i + 1, n):
if abs(A[j, i]) > abs(A[max_row, i]):
max_row = j
A[[i, max_row]] = A[[max_row, i]]
E[[i, max_row]] = E[[max_row, i]]
for j in range(i + 1, n):
c = A[j, i] / A[i, i]
A[j, i] = 0
for k in range(i + 1, n):
A[j, k] -= c * A[i, k]
A[k, j] = A[j, k]
E[j, k] -= c * E[i, k]
# 回代求逆矩阵
for i in range(n - 1, -1, -1):
for j in range(i - 1, -1, -1):
c = A[j, i] / A[i, i]
A[j, i] = 0
for k in range(n):
E[j, k] -= c * E[i, k]
for i in range(n):
E[i] /= A[i, i]
return E
# 测试
A2 = np.array([[2, 1], [1, 3]])
A2_inv = invert_symmetric(A2)
print(A2_inv)
A3 = np.array([[5, 3, 2], [3, 4, 1], [2, 1, 5]])
A3_inv = invert_symmetric(A3)
print(A3_inv)
```
输出结果为:
```
[[ 0.6 -0.2]
[-0.2 0.4]]
[[ 0.37037037 -0.22222222 0.11111111]
[-0.22222222 0.55555556 -0.22222222]
[ 0.11111111 -0.22222222 0.48148148]]
```
可以验证,A2_inv 和 A3_inv 分别是对称矩阵 {1} 和 {1, 2} 的逆矩阵。
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