根据简单的四则运算文法: S -> E$ E -> T E' E' -> + T E' | - T E' | ε T -> F T' T' -> * F T' | / F T' | ε F -> ( E ) | id 运用c语言设计语法分析器
时间: 2024-03-26 17:34:59 浏览: 84
设计一个语法分析器需要经过以下步骤:
1. 定义词法单元(Token):根据给定的文法,定义出所有可能出现的词法单元,如加号、减号、乘号、除号、左括号、右括号、数字、标识符等。
2. 编写词法分析器:根据定义的词法单元,编写相应的正则表达式或有限状态自动机来识别输入的代码中的词法单元,并将其转换为相应的Token。
3. 定义语法规则:根据给定的文法,定义出所有可能的语法规则,如四则运算表达式、赋值语句、条件语句等。
4. 编写语法分析器:根据定义的语法规则,使用自顶向下或自底向上的语法分析算法,如LL、LR、SLR、LALR等,来分析输入的代码,生成语法树或语法分析表。
以下是一个使用LL(1)语法分析算法的简单的四则运算表达式的语法分析器的C语言实现:
```c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#define PLUS 1
#define MINUS 2
#define TIMES 3
#define DIVIDE 4
#define LPAREN 5
#define RPAREN 6
#define NUM 7
#define ID 8
#define ENDFILE 9
#define ERROR 10
#define MAXLEN 100
typedef struct {
int token;
int value;
char lexeme[MAXLEN+1];
} Token;
Token lookahead;
char lexbuf[MAXLEN+1];
int value;
void error(char *msg) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error: %s\n", msg);
exit(1);
}
void match(int expected) {
if (lookahead.token == expected) {
lookahead = lexan();
} else {
error("Unexpected token");
}
}
Token lexan() {
Token t;
int i = 0;
while (isspace(ch)) {
ch = getchar();
}
if (isdigit(ch)) {
while (isdigit(ch)) {
lexbuf[i++] = ch;
ch = getchar();
}
lexbuf[i] = '\0';
t.token = NUM;
t.value = atoi(lexbuf);
} else if (isalpha(ch)) {
while (isalnum(ch)) {
lexbuf[i++] = ch;
ch = getchar();
}
lexbuf[i] = '\0';
if (strcmp(lexbuf, "plus") == 0) {
t.token = PLUS;
} else if (strcmp(lexbuf, "minus") == 0) {
t.token = MINUS;
} else if (strcmp(lexbuf, "times") == 0) {
t.token = TIMES;
} else if (strcmp(lexbuf, "divide") == 0) {
t.token = DIVIDE;
} else {
t.token = ID;
strcpy(t.lexeme, lexbuf);
}
} else {
switch (ch) {
case '+':
t.token = PLUS;
ch = getchar();
break;
case '-':
t.token = MINUS;
ch = getchar();
break;
case '*':
t.token = TIMES;
ch = getchar();
break;
case '/':
t.token = DIVIDE;
ch = getchar();
break;
case '(':
t.token = LPAREN;
ch = getchar();
break;
case ')':
t.token = RPAREN;
ch = getchar();
break;
case EOF:
t.token = ENDFILE;
break;
default:
t.token = ERROR;
break;
}
}
return t;
}
int expr();
int factor() {
int val;
if (lookahead.token == NUM) {
val = lookahead.value;
match(NUM);
} else if (lookahead.token == LPAREN) {
match(LPAREN);
val = expr();
match(RPAREN);
} else {
error("Unexpected token");
}
return val;
}
int term() {
int val = factor();
while (lookahead.token == TIMES || lookahead.token == DIVIDE) {
if (lookahead.token == TIMES) {
match(TIMES);
val *= factor();
} else {
match(DIVIDE);
val /= factor();
}
}
return val;
}
int expr() {
int val = term();
while (lookahead.token == PLUS || lookahead.token == MINUS) {
if (lookahead.token == PLUS) {
match(PLUS);
val += term();
} else {
match(MINUS);
val -= term();
}
}
return val;
}
int main() {
lookahead = lexan();
printf("%d\n", expr());
return 0;
}
```
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