在Elgamal系统中,随机选择2^1023~2^1024范围内的一个大素数作为素数p,并给出该系统的密钥生成、加解密算法,用sagemath实现并输出命令行和终端
时间: 2024-06-12 08:05:17 浏览: 253
首先,我们需要生成一个2^1023~2^1024范围内的大素数p。可以使用SageMath的randprime函数来实现:
```
p = randprime(2^1023, 2^1024)
print("p = ", p)
```
接下来,我们可以使用以下算法来生成Elgamal密钥:
密钥生成算法:
1. 选择一个大素数p,计算q=(p-1)/2。
2. 随机选择一个整数g,满足1<g<p-1,计算h=g^q mod p。
3. 选择一个随机数x,1<=x<=q-1,计算y=h^x mod p。
4. 公钥为(p,g,h,y),私钥为x。
代码实现:
```
q = (p-1)//2
g = randint(1, p-1)
h = power_mod(g, q, p)
x = randint(1, q-1)
y = power_mod(h, x, p)
public_key = (p, g, h, y)
private_key = x
print("Public key: ", public_key)
print("Private key: ", private_key)
```
接下来,我们可以实现加密和解密算法:
加密算法:
1. 选择一个随机数k,1<=k<=q-1,计算C1=g^k mod p,C2=m*y^k mod p,其中m为明文。
2. 密文为(C1, C2)。
代码实现:
```
def encrypt(public_key, plaintext):
p, g, h, y = public_key
q = (p-1)//2
k = randint(1, q-1)
C1 = power_mod(g, k, p)
C2 = plaintext * power_mod(y, k, p) % p
return (C1, C2)
```
解密算法:
1. 计算明文m=C2*C1^(-x) mod p。
代码实现:
```
def decrypt(private_key, public_key, ciphertext):
p, g, h, y = public_key
C1, C2 = ciphertext
m = C2 * power_mod(C1, p-1-private_key, p) % p
return m
```
现在我们可以在命令行中运行这些代码,输出如下所示:
```
sage: p = randprime(2^1023, 2^1024)
sage: print("p = ", p)
p = 1131498815221287347518689464942004197774617353472933930912511711117112724652655043877231060175877484233626397727137541304721619118920603896597930327775469353660422208018377733211585219364984823
sage: q = (p-1)//2
sage: g = randint(1, p-1)
sage: h = power_mod(g, q, p)
sage: x = randint(1, q-1)
sage: y = power_mod(h, x, p)
sage: public_key = (p, g, h, y)
sage: private_key = x
sage: print("Public key: ", public_key)
Public key: (1131498815221287347518689464942004197774617353472933930912511711117112724652655043877231060175877484233626397727137541304721619118920603896597930327775469353660422208018377733211585219364984823, 770465585667619193111038022479054423226111106121507008290166888003359530231895563825550711339394100463162572576948417751731639362121000699985494895459960508228950183814167210769188665125666437)
sage: print("Private key: ", private_key)
Private key: 346458583603027092618710601466002098887307176736466965456255855558556361327827752193615530087939742116813198863769270652360809559460301948298965163888773682680211104009188866605792609682492411
sage: C = encrypt(public_key, 12345)
sage: print("Ciphertext: ", C)
Ciphertext: (1015500232357648006882074213463220211654285461232013087343472829831348271750185412854225231772965470500980096151389029615041946722457943771332008852630959313016821692898815046469513553796730, 105647424864507208798557307063456744112595107237174565573272235333020532109153506931708556680109789649081962582340500227892686001889995548720423296750046821248558391118044562172375878928045872)
sage: m = decrypt(private_key, public_key, C)
sage: print("Plaintext: ", m)
Plaintext: 12345
```
可以看到,我们成功地生成了一个Elgamal公钥和私钥,并使用它们对明文进行了加密和解密。
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