transformer tensorflow代码
时间: 2024-04-26 10:19:34 浏览: 194
Transformer是一种非常流行的深度学习模型,用于处理序列数据,特别是在自然语言处理任务中表现出色。下面是一个简单的Transformer的TensorFlow代码示例:
```python
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.keras.layers import Dense, Dropout
from tensorflow.keras import Model
class Transformer(Model):
def __init__(self, num_layers, d_model, num_heads, dff, input_vocab_size, target_vocab_size, pe_input, pe_target, rate=0.1):
super(Transformer, self).__init__()
self.encoder = Encoder(num_layers, d_model, num_heads, dff, input_vocab_size, pe_input, rate)
self.decoder = Decoder(num_layers, d_model, num_heads, dff, target_vocab_size, pe_target, rate)
self.final_layer = Dense(target_vocab_size)
def call(self, inp, tar, training, enc_padding_mask, look_ahead_mask, dec_padding_mask):
enc_output = self.encoder(inp, training, enc_padding_mask)
dec_output, attention_weights = self.decoder(tar, enc_output, training, look_ahead_mask, dec_padding_mask)
final_output = self.final_layer(dec_output)
return final_output, attention_weights
class EncoderLayer(tf.keras.layers.Layer):
def __init__(self, d_model, num_heads, dff, rate=0.1):
super(EncoderLayer, self).__init__()
self.mha = MultiHeadAttention(d_model, num_heads)
self.ffn = point_wise_feed_forward_network(d_model, dff)
self.layer_norm1 = tf.keras.layers.LayerNormalization(epsilon=1e-6)
self.layer_norm2 = tf.keras.layers.LayerNormalization(epsilon=1e-6)
self.dropout1 = Dropout(rate)
self.dropout2 = Dropout(rate)
def call(self, x, training, mask):
attn_output, _ = self.mha(x, x, x, mask)
attn_output = self.dropout1(attn_output, training=training)
out1 = self.layer_norm1(x + attn_output)
ffn_output = self.ffn(out1)
ffn_output = self.dropout2(ffn_output, training=training)
out2 = self.layer_norm2(out1 + ffn_output)
return out2
class DecoderLayer(tf.keras.layers.Layer):
def __init__(self, d_model, num_heads, dff, rate=0.1):
super(DecoderLayer, self).__init__()
self.mha1 = MultiHeadAttention(d_model, num_heads)
self.mha2 = MultiHeadAttention(d_model, num_heads)
self.ffn = point_wise_feed_forward_network(d_model, dff)
self.layer_norm1 = tf.keras.layers.LayerNormalization(epsilon=1e-6)
self.layer_norm2 = tf.keras.layers.LayerNormalization(epsilon=1e-6)
self.layer_norm3 = tf.keras.layers.LayerNormalization(epsilon=1e-6)
self.dropout1 = Dropout(rate)
self.dropout2 = Dropout(rate)
self.dropout3 = Dropout(rate)
def call(self, x, enc_output, training, look_ahead_mask, padding_mask):
attn1, attn_weights_block1 = self.mha1(x, x, x, look_ahead_mask)
attn1 = self.dropout1(attn1, training=training)
out1 = self.layer_norm1(attn1 + x)
attn2, attn_weights_block2 = self.mha2(enc_output, enc_output, out1, padding_mask)
attn2 = self.dropout2(attn2, training=training)
out2 = self.layer_norm2(attn2 + out1)
ffn_output = self.ffn(out2)
ffn_output = self.dropout3(ffn_output, training=training)
out3 = self.layer_norm3(ffn_output + out2)
return out3, attn_weights_block1, attn_weights_block2
# 其他辅助函数和类的实现省略...
# 创建一个Transformer模型实例
num_layers = 4
d_model = 128
num_heads = 8
dff = 512
input_vocab_size = 10000
target_vocab_size = 8000
dropout_rate = 0.1
transformer = Transformer(num_layers, d_model, num_heads, dff, input_vocab_size, target_vocab_size, pe_input=input_vocab_size, pe_target=target_vocab_size, rate=dropout_rate)
# 定义损失函数和优化器
loss_object = tf.keras.losses.SparseCategoricalCrossentropy(from_logits=True, reduction='none')
def loss_function(real, pred):
mask = tf.math.logical_not(tf.math.equal(real, 0))
loss_ = loss_object(real, pred)
mask = tf.cast(mask, dtype=loss_.dtype)
loss_ *= mask
return tf.reduce_mean(loss_)
optimizer = tf.keras.optimizers.Adam(learning_rate=0.001, beta_1=0.9, beta_2=0.98, epsilon=1e-9)
# 定义评估指标
train_loss = tf.keras.metrics.Mean(name='train_loss')
train_accuracy = tf.keras.metrics.SparseCategoricalAccuracy(name='train_accuracy')
# 定义训练步骤
@tf.function
def train_step(inp, tar):
tar_inp = tar[:, :-1]
tar_real = tar[:, 1:]
enc_padding_mask, combined_mask, dec_padding_mask = create_masks(inp, tar_inp)
with tf.GradientTape() as tape:
predictions, _ = transformer(inp, tar_inp, True, enc_padding_mask, combined_mask, dec_padding_mask)
loss = loss_function(tar_real, predictions)
gradients = tape.gradient(loss, transformer.trainable_variables)
optimizer.apply_gradients(zip(gradients, transformer.trainable_variables))
train_loss(loss)
train_accuracy(tar_real, predictions)
# 进行训练
EPOCHS = 10
for epoch in range(EPOCHS):
train_loss.reset_states()
train_accuracy.reset_states()
for (batch, (inp, tar)) in enumerate(dataset):
train_step(inp, tar)
if batch % 50 == 0:
print('Epoch {} Batch {} Loss {:.4f} Accuracy {:.4f}'.format(epoch + 1, batch, train_loss.result(), train_accuracy.result()))
# 相关问题:
1. Transformer是什么?
2. Transformer的优势是什么?
3. Transformer的核心组件有哪些?
4. Transformer的训练过程是怎样的?
5. Transformer在自然语言处理任务中的应用有哪些?
6. Transformer与传统的循环神经网络有什么区别?
7. Transformer的注意力机制是如何工作的?
8. Transformer的编码器和解码器分别是做什么的?
9. Transformer的损失函数是什么?
10. Transformer的优化器是什么?
11. Transformer的超参数有哪些?
12. Transformer的训练过程中如何处理输入和输出序列的长度不一致的情况?
13. Transformer的预测过程是怎样的?
14. Transformer的推理速度如何?
15. Transformer的变种模型有哪些?
16. Transformer在机器翻译任务中的应用示例是什么?
17. Transformer在文本生成任务中的应用示例是什么?
18. Transformer在问答系统中的应用示例是什么?
19. Transformer在语音识别任务中的应用示例是什么?
20. Transformer在图像处理任务中的应用示例是什么?
```
请注意,上述代码只是一个简单的示例,实际使用时可能需要根据具体任务进行适当修改和调整。
阅读全文