torch.where np.where
时间: 2023-11-06 09:52:40 浏览: 243
torch.where()是PyTorch和NumPy中的函数,用于根据给定的条件选择元素。torch.where()用于PyTorch张量,而np.where()用于NumPy数组。
在PyTorch中,torch.where()函数接受一个条件和两个张量作为输入。它会根据条件选择元素,返回与条件为True的元素对应的索引。例如,如果我们有一个张量x,我们可以使用torch.where(x==0)来找到x中为0的元素的索引。
在NumPy中,np.where()函数的功能与torch.where()类似,但输入和输出的类型不同。np.where()函数接受一个条件和一个数组作为输入,并返回与条件为True的元素对应的索引。例如,如果我们有一个数组arr,我们可以使用np.where(arr==0)来找到arr中为0的元素的索引。
相关问题
Focal loss代码如下:class FocalLoss(nn.Module): def init(self, alpha=1, gamma=2, weight=None): super(FocalLoss, self).init() self.alpha = alpha self.gamma = gamma def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor, target: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor: log_probs = F.log_softmax(x, dim=-1) probs = torch.exp(log_probs) focal_loss = -self.alpha * (torch.pow((1 - probs), self.gamma)) * log_probs loss = torch.sum(target * focal_loss, dim=-1) return loss.mean() LDAM loss 代码如下:class LDAMLoss(nn.Module): def init(self, cls_num_list, max_m=0.5, weight=None, s=30): super(LDAMLoss, self).init() m_list = 1.0 / np.sqrt(np.sqrt(cls_num_list)) m_list = m_list * (max_m / np.max(m_list)) m_list = torch.cuda.FloatTensor(m_list) self.m_list = m_list assert s > 0 self.s = s self.weight = weight def forward(self, x, target): index = torch.zeros_like(x, dtype=torch.uint8) index.scatter_(1, target.data.view(-1, 1), 1) index_float = index.type(torch.cuda.FloatTensor) batch_m = torch.matmul(self.m_list[None, :], index_float.transpose(0,1)) batch_m = batch_m.view((-1, 1)) x_m = x - batch_m output = torch.where(index, x_m, x) return F.cross_entropy(self.s*output, target, weight=self.weight) LMF loss 是Focal loss 和LDAM loss两个损失函数的加权求和,请用pytorch代码实现LMF损失函数并在模型训练中使用
下面是LMF损失函数的PyTorch代码实现,并在模型训练中使用:
```
import torch.nn.functional as F
class LMF(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, cls_num_list, max_m=0.5, weight=None, s=30, alpha=0.25, gamma=2, beta=0.5):
super(LMF, self).__init__()
self.focal_loss = FocalLoss(alpha=alpha, gamma=gamma, weight=weight)
self.ldam_loss = LDAMLoss(cls_num_list, max_m=max_m, weight=weight, s=s)
self.alpha = alpha
self.beta = beta
def forward(self, x, target):
focal_loss = self.focal_loss(x, target)
ldam_loss = self.ldam_loss(x, target)
loss = self.alpha * focal_loss + self.beta * ldam_loss
return loss
# 在模型训练中使用LMF损失函数
model = MyModel()
criterion = LMF(cls_num_list, max_m, weight, s, alpha, gamma, beta)
optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(model.parameters(), lr=0.001)
...
# 在每个epoch的训练过程中,计算损失并进行优化
for inputs, labels in dataloader:
optimizer.zero_grad()
outputs = model(inputs)
loss = criterion(outputs, labels)
loss.backward()
optimizer.step()
```
在使用LMF损失函数时,需要传入cls_num_list、max_m、weight、s、alpha、gamma、beta这些参数,并将其作为criterion传入模型训练过程中。在每个epoch的训练过程中,计算损失并进行优化即可。
pytorch部分代码如下:train_loss, train_acc = train(model_ft, DEVICE, train_loader, optimizer, epoch,model_ema) if use_amp: with torch.cuda.amp.autocast(): # 开启混合精度 loss = torch.nan_to_num(criterion_train(output, targets)) # 计算loss scaler.scale(loss).backward() # 梯度放大 torch.nn.utils.clip_grad_norm_(model.parameters(), CLIP_GRAD) if not (self._backward_hooks or self._forward_hooks or self._forward_pre_hooks or _global_backward_hooks or global_forward_hooks or global_forward_pre_hooks): return forward_call(*input, **kwargs) class LDAMLoss(nn.Module): def init(self, cls_num_list, max_m=0.5, weight=None, s=30): super(LDAMLoss, self).init() m_list = 1.0 / np.sqrt(np.sqrt(cls_num_list)) m_list = m_list * (max_m / np.max(m_list)) m_list = torch.cuda.FloatTensor(m_list) self.m_list = m_list assert s > 0 self.s = s self.weight = weight def forward(self, x, target): index = torch.zeros_like(x, dtype=torch.uint8) index.scatter(1, target.data.view(-1, 1).type(torch.int64), 1) index_float = index.type(torch.cuda.FloatTensor) batch_m = torch.matmul(self.m_list[None, :], index_float.transpose(0,1)) batch_m = batch_m.view((-1, 1)) x_m = x - batch_m output = torch.where(index, x_m, x) return F.cross_entropy(self.s*output, target, weight=self.weight) 报错:RuntimeError: Expected index [112, 1] to be smaller than self [16, 7] apart from dimension 1 帮我看看如何修改源代码
根据你提供的代码,报错信息显示 index 的形状是 [112, 1],而 x 的形状是 [16, 7],因此 index 与 x 的形状不匹配,导致了这个错误。
为了解决这个问题,你可以尝试将 LDAMLoss 类的 forward 函数中的 index 的形状改为 [x.size(0), x.size(1)],这样就能够与 x 的形状匹配。同时,由于 target.data 已经被弃用,建议改为 target。修改后的代码如下:
```
class LDAMLoss(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, cls_num_list, max_m=0.5, weight=None, s=30):
super(LDAMLoss, self).__init__()
m_list = 1.0 / np.sqrt(np.sqrt(cls_num_list))
m_list = m_list * (max_m / np.max(m_list))
m_list = torch.cuda.FloatTensor(m_list)
self.m_list = m_list
assert s > 0
self.s = s
self.weight = weight
def forward(self, x, target):
index = torch.zeros_like(x, dtype=torch.uint8)
index.scatter_(1, target.view(-1, 1).type(torch.int64), 1)
index_float = index.type(torch.cuda.FloatTensor)
batch_m = torch.matmul(self.m_list[None, :], index_float.transpose(0,1))
batch_m = batch_m.view((-1, 1))
x_m = x - batch_m
output = torch.where(index, x_m, x)
return F.cross_entropy(self.s*output, target, weight=self.weight)
```
另外,你的 init 方法也存在一些错误。super 函数应该在 init 方法的第一行调用,而不是在函数体内。因此,init 方法应该改为:
```
def __init__(self, cls_num_list, max_m=0.5, weight=None, s=30):
super(LDAMLoss, self).__init__()
m_list = 1.0 / np.sqrt(np.sqrt(cls_num_list))
m_list = m_list * (max_m / np.max(m_list))
m_list = torch.cuda.FloatTensor(m_list)
self.m_list = m_list
assert s > 0
self.s = s
self.weight = weight
```
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