def filterNormalization(self, block_size=64, all_at_once = False): """ Normalize signal intensity. @block_size (integer) A block size determining the divided volume size. This argument is passed to the block_separator function. @all_at_once (bool) A flag determining all-at-onec processing. This argument is passed to the block_separator function. """ print("Intensity normalization") if self.peak_air == None: raise Exception('Call the calculateNormalizationParam in ahead.') maxid = [self.peak_air, self.peak_soil] maxid = [i-self.hist_x[0] for i in maxid] plt.figure() plt.plot(self.hist_x, self.hist_y) plt.plot(self.hist_x[maxid], self.hist_y[maxid],'ro') plt.xlabel('intensity') plt.ylabel('count') plt.pause(.01) i_block = self.block_separator(overlapping = 1, block_size = block_size, all_at_once = all_at_once) for blocks, indexes in i_block: blocks = tqdm_multiprocessing(functools.partial(normalizeIntensity, peak_air=self.peak_air, peak_soil=self.peak_soil), blocks) self.updateStack(blocks, indexes, overlapping = 1, block_size = block_size) return请完整详细解释每一行的代码意思

基于300条数据用CNN多分类预测时，训练精度特别差，代码如下class Model(Module): def init(self): super(Model, self).init() self.conv1_1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=3,out_channels=64,kernel_size=(3,3),padding=1) self.bn1_1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(64) self.relu1_1 = nn.ReLU() self.pool1 = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=4, stride=4) self.conv2_1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=64,out_channels=128,kernel_size=(3,3),padding=1) self.bn2_1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(128) self.relu2_1 = nn.ReLU() self.pool2 = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2) self.conv3_1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=128,out_channels=256,kernel_size=(3,3),padding=1) self.bn3_1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(256) self.relu3_1 = nn.ReLU() self.pool3 = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2) self.conv4_1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=256,out_channels=512,kernel_size=(3,3)) self.bn4_1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(512) self.relu4_1 = nn.ReLU() self.conv4_2 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=512,out_channels=512,kernel_size=(3,3)) self.bn4_2 = nn.BatchNorm2d(512) self.relu4_2 = nn.ReLU() self.pool4 = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2) self.conv5_1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=512,out_channels=512,kernel_size=(3,3)) self.bn5_1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(512) self.relu5_1 = nn.ReLU() self.conv5_2 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=512,out_channels=512,kernel_size=(3,3)) self.bn5_2 = nn.BatchNorm2d(512) self.relu5_2 = nn.ReLU() self.pool5 = nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d(5) self.dropout1 = nn.Dropout(p=0.3) self.fc1=nn.Linear(51255,512) self.relu6=nn.ReLU() self.dropout2 = nn.Dropout(p=0.2) self.fc2=nn.Linear(512,141) ，具体如何修改代码

self.conv1_1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=3,out_channels=64,kernel_size=(3,3),padding=1) self.bn1_1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(64) self.relu1_1 = nn.ReLU() self.pool1 = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=4, stride=4) ...

def init_datasets(self): """ Init self.dataset_train, self.dataset_train_iter, self.dataset_val. """ dataset_parameters = dict(base_folder=self.local_base_folder, image_size=self.image_size, image_spacing=self.image_spacing, normalize_zero_mean_unit_variance=False, cv=self.cv, heatmap_sigma=3.0, generate_spine_heatmap=True, use_variable_image_size=True, valid_output_sizes_x=[32, 64, 96, 128], valid_output_sizes_y=[32, 64, 96, 128], valid_output_sizes_z=[32, 64, 96, 128], output_image_type=np.float16 if self.use_mixed_precision else np.float32, data_format=self.data_format, save_debug_images=self.save_debug_images)

这个方法名为init_datasets，用于初始化self.dataset_train、self.dataset_train_iter和self.dataset_val。在方法内部，通过一个参数字典dataset_parameters来设置数据集的相关参数。这些参数包括： - ...

class MLP(nn.Module): def init( self, input_size: int, output_size: int, n_hidden: int, classes: int, dropout: float, normalize_before: bool = True ): super(MLP, self).init() self.input_size = input_size self.dropout = dropout self.n_hidden = n_hidden self.classes = classes self.output_size = output_size self.normalize_before = normalize_before self.model = nn.Sequential( nn.Linear(self.input_size, n_hidden), nn.Dropout(self.dropout), nn.ReLU(), nn.Linear(n_hidden, self.output_size), nn.Dropout(self.dropout), nn.ReLU(), ) self.after_norm = torch.nn.LayerNorm(self.input_size, eps=1e-5) self.fc = nn.Sequential( nn.Dropout(self.dropout), nn.Linear(self.input_size, self.classes) ) self.output_layer = nn.Linear(self.output_size, self.classes) def forward(self, x): self.device = torch.device('cuda') # x = self.model(x) if self.normalize_before: x = self.after_norm(x) batch_size, length, dimensions = x.size(0), x.size(1), x.size(2) output = self.model(x) return output.mean(dim=1) class LabelSmoothingLoss(nn.Module): def init(self, size: int, smoothing: float, ): super(LabelSmoothingLoss, self).init() self.size = size self.criterion = nn.KLDivLoss(reduction="none") self.confidence = 1.0 - smoothing self.smoothing = smoothing def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor, target: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor: batch_size = x.size(0) if self.smoothing == None: return nn.CrossEntropyLoss()(x, target.view(-1)) true_dist = torch.zeros_like(x) true_dist.fill_(self.smoothing / (self.size - 1)) true_dist.scatter_(1, target.view(-1).unsqueeze(1), self.confidence) kl = self.criterion(torch.log_softmax(x, dim=1), true_dist) return kl.sum() / batch_size

这段代码中定义了一个 MLP 模型以及一个 LabelSmoothingLoss 损失函数。MLP 模型包含了多个线性层和 ReLU 激活函数，以及一个 LayerNorm 层和一个 dropout 层。LabelSmoothingLoss 损失函数主要用于解决分类问题中的...

test_iter = d2l.load_data_fashion_mnist(batch_size=batch_size) 将这句用pytorch实现

test_iter = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(test_dataset, batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=False) 这个代码首先导入必要的模块，然后下载并加载Fashion-MNIST数据集，对图像进行标准化处理。接着，它通过...

class Trainer(object): def init(self, net, per_num=20, start_num=0, end_num=10, save_path="./model/Lwf", epoch=50, lr=0.0005, batch_size=128): self.lr = lr self.epoch = epoch self.batch_size = batch_size self.strat_num = start_num self.end_num = end_num self.class_num = end_num - start_num self.device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu") self.save_path = save_path self.main_net_path = save_path + "/LwF_" + str(start_num) + ".pth" transform_train = transforms.Compose([ transforms.RandomCrop(32, padding=4), transforms.RandomHorizontalFlip(), transforms.RandomRotation(10), transforms.ToTensor(), transforms.Normalize((0.5, 0.5, 0.5), (0.5, 0.5, 0.5)), ]) transform_test = transforms.Compose([ transforms.ToTensor(), transforms.Normalize((0.5, 0.5, 0.5), (0.5, 0.5, 0.5)), ]) trainset = Cifar100Split(start_num=start_num, end_num=end_num, train=True, transform=transform_train) testset = Cifar100Split(start_num=start_num, end_num=end_num, train=False, transform=transform_test) test_all = Cifar100Split(start_num=0, end_num=end_num, train=False, transform=transform_test) self.train_loader = DataLoader(trainset, batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=True, num_workers=0) self.test_loader = DataLoader(testset, batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=False, num_workers=0) self.test_loader_all = DataLoader(test_all, batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=False, num_workers=0)

在初始化时，它接受一些参数，包括网络模型net、每个类别的训练样本数per_num、起始类别编号start_num、结束类别编号end_num、保存路径save_path、训练轮数epoch、学习率lr、批量大小batch_size等。此外，该类还定义...

def PrepareDataset(speed_matrix, BATCH_SIZE = 40, seq_len = 10, pred_len = 1, train_propotion = 0.7, valid_propotion = 0.2):

# Normalize the data using the mean and standard deviation of the training set mean = np.mean(train_data) std = np.std(train_data) train_data = (train_data - mean) / std valid_data = (valid_data ...

class TestDataset(Dataset): def init(self, folder_path, hr, lr): super(TestDataset, self).init() self.folder_path = folder_path self.hr = hr self.lr = lr self.hr_path = os.path.join(self.folder_path, self.hr) self.lr_path = os.path.join(self.folder_path, self.lr) self.hr_list = [entry.name for entry in os.scandir(self.hr_path) if entry.is_file()] self.lr_list = [entry.name for entry in os.scandir(self.lr_path) if entry.is_file()] self.filenames = self.hr_list self.transform = transforms.Compose([ transforms.ToTensor(), transforms.Normalize(mean=[0.485, 0.456, 0.406], std=[0.229, 0.224, 0.225]) ]) def getitem(self, index): self.hr_name = self.hr_list[index] self.lr_name = self.lr_list[index] self.hr_item_path = os.path.join(self.hr_path, self.hr_name) self.lr_item_path = os.path.join(self.lr_path, self.lr_name) hr_img = Image.open(self.hr_item_path).convert("RGB") lr_img = Image.open(self.lr_item_path).convert("RGB") hr_img = self.transform(hr_img) lr_img = self.transform(lr_img) return lr_img, hr_img def len(self): return len(self.filenames)

这是一个 Python 代码段，用于定义一个名为 TestDataset 的数据集类。该类接受三个参数：文件夹路径、高分辨率图像文件夹名称和低分辨率图像文件夹名称。它通过扫描指定文件夹中的文件来获取高分辨率和低分辨率图像...

class NormedLinear(nn.Module): def init(self, feat_dim, num_classes): super().init() self.weight = nn.Parameter(torch.Tensor(feat_dim, num_classes)) self.weight.data.uniform_(-1, 1).renorm_(2, 1, 1e-5).mul_(1e5) def forward(self, x): return F.normalize(x, dim=1).mm(F.normalize(self.weight, dim=0)) class LearnableWeightScalingLinear(nn.Module): def init(self, feat_dim, num_classes, use_norm=False): super().init() self.classifier = NormedLinear(feat_dim, num_classes) if use_norm else nn.Linear(feat_dim, num_classes) self.learned_norm = nn.Parameter(torch.ones(1, num_classes)) def forward(self, x): return self.classifier(x) * self.learned_norm class DisAlignLinear(nn.Module): def init(self, feat_dim, num_classes, use_norm=False): super().init() self.classifier = NormedLinear(feat_dim, num_classes) if use_norm else nn.Linear(feat_dim, num_classes) self.learned_magnitude = nn.Parameter(torch.ones(1, num_classes)) self.learned_margin = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(1, num_classes)) self.confidence_layer = nn.Linear(feat_dim, 1) torch.nn.init.constant_(self.confidence_layer.weight, 0.1) def forward(self, x): output = self.classifier(x) confidence = self.confidence_layer(x).sigmoid() return (1 + confidence * self.learned_magnitude) * output + confidence * self.learned_margin class MLP_ConClassfier(nn.Module): def init(self): super(MLP_ConClassfier, self).init() self.num_inputs, self.num_hiddens_1, self.num_hiddens_2, self.num_hiddens_3, self.num_outputs \ = 41, 512, 128, 32, 5 self.num_proj_hidden = 32 self.mlp_conclassfier = nn.Sequential( nn.Linear(self.num_inputs, self.num_hiddens_1), nn.ReLU(), nn.Linear(self.num_hiddens_1, self.num_hiddens_2), nn.ReLU(), nn.Linear(self.num_hiddens_2, self.num_hiddens_3), ) self.fc1 = torch.nn.Linear(self.num_hiddens_3, self.num_proj_hidden) self.fc2 = torch.nn.Linear(self.num_proj_hidden, self.num_hiddens_3) self.linearclassfier = nn.Linear(self.num_hiddens_3, self.num_outputs) self.NormedLinearclassfier = NormedLinear(feat_dim=self.num_hiddens_3, num_classes=self.num_outputs) self.DisAlignLinearclassfier = DisAlignLinear(feat_dim=self.num_hiddens_3, num_classes=self.num_outputs, use_norm=True) self.LearnableWeightScalingLinearclassfier = LearnableWeightScalingLinear(feat_dim=self.num_hiddens_3, num_classes=self.num_outputs, use_norm=True)

这段代码定义了一个名为MLP_ConClassfier的神经网络模型，它包含了多个子模块，包括三个不同的分类器：NormedLinearclassfier、DisAlignLinearclassfier和LearnableWeightScalingLinearclassfier。...

LDAM损失函数pytorch代码如下：class LDAMLoss(nn.Module): def init(self, cls_num_list, max_m=0.5, weight=None, s=30): super(LDAMLoss, self).init() m_list = 1.0 / np.sqrt(np.sqrt(cls_num_list)) m_list = m_list * (max_m / np.max(m_list)) m_list = torch.cuda.FloatTensor(m_list) self.m_list = m_list assert s > 0 self.s = s if weight is not None: weight = torch.FloatTensor(weight).cuda() self.weight = weight self.cls_num_list = cls_num_list def forward(self, x, target): index = torch.zeros_like(x, dtype=torch.uint8) index_float = index.type(torch.cuda.FloatTensor) batch_m = torch.matmul(self.m_list[None, :], index_float.transpose(1,0)) # 0,1 batch_m = batch_m.view((16, 1)) # size=(batch_size, 1) (-1,1) x_m = x - batch_m output = torch.where(index, x_m, x) if self.weight is not None: output = output * self.weight[None, :] target = torch.flatten(target) # 将 target 转换成 1D Tensor logit = output * self.s return F.cross_entropy(logit, target, weight=self.weight) 模型部分参数如下：# 设置全局参数 model_lr = 1e-5 BATCH_SIZE = 16 EPOCHS = 50 DEVICE = torch.device('cuda:0' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu') use_amp = True use_dp = True classes = 7 resume = None CLIP_GRAD = 5.0 Best_ACC = 0 #记录最高得分 use_ema=True model_ema_decay=0.9998 start_epoch=1 seed=1 seed_everything(seed) # 数据增强 mixup mixup_fn = Mixup( mixup_alpha=0.8, cutmix_alpha=1.0, cutmix_minmax=None, prob=0.1, switch_prob=0.5, mode='batch', label_smoothing=0.1, num_classes=classes) # 读取数据集 dataset_train = datasets.ImageFolder('/home/adminis/hpy/ConvNextV2_Demo/RAF-DB/RAF/train', transform=transform) dataset_test = datasets.ImageFolder("/home/adminis/hpy/ConvNextV2_Demo/RAF-DB/RAF/valid", transform=transform_test)# 导入数据 train_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(dataset_train, batch_size=BATCH_SIZE, shuffle=True,drop_last=True) test_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(dataset_test, batch_size=BATCH_SIZE, shuffle=False) 帮我用pytorch实现模型在模型训练中使用LDAM损失函数

torch.cuda.manual_seed_all(seed) np.random.seed(seed) seed_everything(seed) # 定义数据增强 transform = transforms.Compose([ transforms.Resize(224), transforms.RandomHorizontalFlip(), transforms....

import torch from torch import nn class BaseColor(nn.Module): def init(self): super(BaseColor, self).init() self.l_cent = 50. self.l_norm = 100. self.ab_norm = 110. def normalize_l(self, in_l): return (in_l-self.l_cent)/self.l_norm def unnormalize_l(self, in_l): return in_lself.l_norm + self.l_cent def normalize_ab(self, in_ab): return in_ab/self.ab_norm def unnormalize_ab(self, in_ab): return in_abself.ab_norm

- normalize_l：归一化亮度L通道的函数。 - unnormalize_l：反归一化亮度L通道的函数。 - normalize_ab：归一化色度a和b通道的函数。 - unnormalize_ab：反归一化色度a和b通道的函数。具体来说，normalize...

normalize_data = normalize_data[:, np.newaxis] # 增加维度

normalize_data = normalize_data[:, np.newaxis] 是一行代码，用于对数据进行维度变换的操作。其中，normalize_data 是一个二维的数据矩阵，每一行代表一个样本，每一列代表该样本的一个特征。而 normalize_data...

class Entity(pygame.sprite.Sprite): def init(self,groups): super().init(groups) self.frame_index = 0 self.animation_speed = 0.15 self.direction = pygame.math.Vector2() def move(self,speed): if self.direction.magnitude() != 0: self.direction = self.direction.normalize() self.hitbox.x += self.direction.x * speed self.collision('horizontal') self.hitbox.y += self.direction.y * speed self.collision('vertical') self.rect.center = self.hitbox.center def collision(self,direction): if direction == 'horizontal': for sprite in self.obstacle_sprites: if sprite.hitbox.colliderect(self.hitbox): if self.direction.x > 0: # moving right self.hitbox.right = sprite.hitbox.left if self.direction.x < 0: # moving left self.hitbox.left = sprite.hitbox.right if direction == 'vertical': for sprite in self.obstacle_sprites: if sprite.hitbox.colliderect(self.hitbox): if self.direction.y > 0: # moving down self.hitbox.bottom = sprite.hitbox.top if self.direction.y < 0: # moving up self.hitbox.top = sprite.hitbox.bottom def wave_value(self): value = sin(pygame.time.get_ticks()) if value >= 0: return 255 else: return 0对该代码进行注释

self.direction = self.direction.normalize() # 根据方向和速度调整 hitbox 的 x 坐标 self.hitbox.x += self.direction.x * speed # 检测水平方向的碰撞 self.collision('horizontal') # 根据方向和速度调整...

class PositionalEncoding(nn.Module): def init(self, num_pos_feats_x=64, num_pos_feats_y=64, num_pos_feats_z=128, temperature=10000, normalize=True, scale=None):、

这是一个PyTorch中的模块，用于为输入序列中的每个位置添加位置编码，以便模型能够更好地理解序列的顺序信息。其中，num_pos_feats_x、num_...normalize表示是否对位置编码进行归一化；scale表示位置编码的缩放因子。

self.init_size = opt.img_size // 4 self.l1 = nn.Sequential(nn.Linear(opt.latent_dim, 128 * self.init_size ** 2)) self.conv_blocks = nn.Sequential( #请参见read_me.pdf文件中关于生成网络的结果说明补充代码 block(opt.latent_dim, 128, normalize=False), block(128, 256), block(256, 512), block(512, 1024), nn.Linear(1024, int(np.prod(img_shape))), nn.Tanh()

首先，opt.img_size是输入图像的大小，self.init_size是经过多次下采样后得到的 feature map 的大小。然后，self.l1是一个全连接层，将随机噪声 opt.latent_dim 映射到一个大小为 128 * self.init_size ** ...

def getitem(self, index): if self.args.cached: (label, _, image) = self.data[index] else: (label, _file) = self.file_indexes[index] image = self._load_rml(_file) n_label = self.classes.index(label) return torch.tensor(image).float(), torch.tensor(n_label).long()把这段代码基于pytorch改为基于mindspore

def _load_rml(self, file): # 加载数据的代码 pass def __getitem__(self, index): if self.args.cached: (label, _, image) = self.data[index] else: (label, file_idx) = self.file_indexes[index] ...

class ContrastiveModel(nn.Module): def init(self, backbone, head='mlp', features_dim=128): super(ContrastiveModel, self).init() self.backbone = backbone['backbone'] self.backbone_dim = backbone['dim'] self.head = head if head == 'linear': self.contrastive_head = nn.Linear(self.backbone_dim, features_dim) elif head == 'mlp': self.contrastive_head = nn.Sequential( nn.Linear(self.backbone_dim, self.backbone_dim), nn.ReLU(), nn.Linear(self.backbone_dim, features_dim)) else: raise ValueError('Invalid head {}'.format(head)) def forward(self, x): features = self.contrastive_head(self.backbone(x)) features = F.normalize(features, dim = 1) return features

backbone的输出维度是self.backbone_dim。head参数指定了模型的头部结构，可以选择'linear'或'mlp'。如果选择'linear'，则使用一个线性层将backbone的输出映射到features_dim维度的特征向量。如果选择'mlp'，则使用...

import pandas as pd import torch import torch.nn as nn import numpy as np # 读取Excel文件 data_frame = pd.read_excel('zd2.xlsx') # 去掉第一列第一列是时间 data = data_frame.iloc[:, 1:] data = data.values # 按500个时间段划分 new_data = data.reshape(-1, 500, 2) # 修改数据尺寸 new_data = torch.from_numpy(new_data).permute(0,2,1).float() #20, 2, 500 20代表10000个数据划分了20组 2是两个特征 500指500个时间段 class Net(nn.Module): def init(self): super(Net, self).init() self.conv1 = nn.Conv1d(2, 16, kernel_size=3, padding=1) self.conv2 = nn.Conv1d(16, 32, kernel_size=3, padding=1) self.conv3 = nn.Conv1d(32, 64, kernel_size=3, padding=1) self.pool = nn.MaxPool1d(kernel_size=2) # self.fc1 = nn.Linear(64 * 62, 128) def forward(self, x): x = self.conv1(x) x = nn.functional.relu(x) x = self.pool(x) x = self.conv2(x) x = nn.functional.relu(x) x = self.pool(x) x = self.conv3(x) x = nn.functional.relu(x) x = self.pool(x) return x net = Net() after_data = net(new_data) mean = torch.mean(after_data, dim=0, keepdim=True) std = torch.std(after_data, dim=0, keepdim=True) result = (after_data - mean) / std after_data = nn.functional.normalize(after_data, p=1, dim=1)

这段代码是读取Excel文件（zd2.xlsx），然后对数据进行...请注意，这段代码中存在一个注释掉的全连接层 self.fc1 = nn.Linear(64 * 62, 128)，如果需要使用全连接层，请取消注释并根据实际情况调整输入和输出的维度。

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test_iter = d2l.load_data_fashion_mnist(batch_size=batch_size) 将这句用pytorch实现

def PrepareDataset(speed_matrix, BATCH_SIZE = 40, seq_len = 10, pred_len = 1, train_propotion = 0.7, valid_propotion = 0.2):

normalize_data = normalize_data[:, np.newaxis] # 增加维度

class PositionalEncoding(nn.Module): def __init__(self, num_pos_feats_x=64, num_pos_feats_y=64, num_pos_feats_z=128, temperature=10000, normalize=True, scale=None):、

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class PositionalEncoding(nn.Module): def init(self, num_pos_feats_x=64, num_pos_feats_y=64, num_pos_feats_z=128, temperature=10000, normalize=True, scale=None):、