语句fig, ax = plt.subplots(subplot_kw={'projection': 'polar'})的作用
时间: 2023-09-30 10:10:16 浏览: 319
这个语句的作用是创建一个极坐标图(subplot_kw={'projection': 'polar'}),并将其存储在变量ax中,同时也返回一个figure对象(fig)。在使用Matplotlib绘图时,通常需要创建一个figure对象来存储整个图形,然后在此基础上添加一个或多个axes对象(ax)来绘制具体的图形元素。在这个语句中,使用了subplot_kw参数来指定创建的axes对象是一个极坐标图。
相关问题
import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt # 极坐标螺旋线 r = np.arange(0,3,0.002) theta = 2 * np.pi * r fig = plt.figure(figsize=(8, 8)) ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='polar') ax.plot(theta, r) ax.set_rticks([0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4]) fig, ax = plt.subplots(subplot_kw={'projection': 'polar'}) ax.plot(theta, r, label='Archimedean spiral') ax.plot(theta_intersect, r_intersect, 'ro', label='Intersection point') ax.annotate('Intersection point', xy=(theta_intersect, r_intersect), xytext=(theta_intersect+0.5, r_intersect+0.5), arrowprops=dict(facecolor='black', shrink=0.01), fontsize=10, horizontalalignment='right', verticalalignment='bottom') # 添加注释 ax.annotate('Start Here', xy=(0, 0), xytext=(0.1, 1.2), arrowprops=dict(facecolor='black', shrink=0.05)) ax.annotate('End Here', xy=(10*np.pi, 10*np.pi), xytext=(9.5, 9.5), arrowprops=dict(facecolor='black', shrink=0.05)) ax.legend() plt.show()代码优化
可以考虑将两个子图合并成一个,同时移除不必要的代码注释。代码优化后如下:
```python
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
r = np.arange(0, 3, 0.002)
theta = 2 * np.pi * r
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(8, 8))
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='polar')
# 绘制极坐标螺旋线
ax.plot(theta, r, label='Archimedean spiral')
# 设置极坐标刻度
ax.set_rticks([0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4])
# 添加交点的标记
theta_intersect = np.pi / 4
r_intersect = theta_intersect / (2 * np.pi)
ax.plot(theta_intersect, r_intersect, 'ro', label='Intersection point')
ax.annotate('Intersection point', xy=(theta_intersect, r_intersect), xytext=(theta_intersect+0.5, r_intersect+0.5),
arrowprops=dict(facecolor='black', shrink=0.01), fontsize=10, horizontalalignment='right', verticalalignment='bottom')
# 添加起点和终点的标记
ax.annotate('Start Here', xy=(0, 0), xytext=(0.1, 1.2), arrowprops=dict(facecolor='black', shrink=0.05))
ax.annotate('End Here', xy=(10*np.pi, 10*np.pi), xytext=(9.5, 9.5), arrowprops=dict(facecolor='black', shrink=0.05))
# 添加图例
ax.legend()
plt.show()
```
import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt #构造极坐标数据 r = np.arange(0, 3, 0.002) theta = 2 * np.pi * r #创建画布和坐标系 fig, ax = plt.subplots(subplot_kw={'projection': 'polar'}, figsize=(8, 8)) #绘制螺旋线 ax.plot(theta, r, label='Archimedean spiral') #设置极坐标刻度 ax.set_rticks([0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3]) #添加注释文本和标记 ax.annotate('a polar annotation', xy=(5*np.pi/4, 0.6), xytext=(np.pi/2, -0.2), arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle='->', connectionstyle='arc3', color='red')) ax.text(np.pi/2, 0.8, '1.0', ha='center', va='center') ax.text(np.pi/2, 0.2, '0.0', ha='center', va='center') ax.plot(5*np.pi/4, 0.6, 'ro') #显示图形 plt.show()修改代码使添加的注释文本和标记不重合
可以调整参数`xytext`的值,将注释文本和标记分开。可以将注释文本的y坐标向下移动一些,将标记的y坐标向上移动一些。修改后的代码如下:
```
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# 构造极坐标数据
r = np.arange(0, 3, 0.002)
theta = 2 * np.pi * r
# 创建画布和坐标系
fig, ax = plt.subplots(subplot_kw={'projection': 'polar'}, figsize=(8, 8))
# 绘制螺旋线
ax.plot(theta, r, label='Archimedean spiral')
# 设置极坐标刻度
ax.set_rticks([0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3])
# 添加注释文本和标记
ax.annotate('a polar annotation', xy=(5*np.pi/4, 0.6), xytext=(np.pi/2, -0.5), arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle='->', connectionstyle='arc3', color='red'))
ax.text(np.pi/2, 0.9, '1.0', ha='center', va='center')
ax.text(np.pi/2, -0.1, '0.0', ha='center', va='center')
ax.plot(5*np.pi/4, 0.6, 'ro')
# 显示图形
plt.show()
```
这样就可以让注释文本和标记不重合了。
阅读全文