1、【编程题】某公司的雇员分为以下若干类： (1) Employee：这是所有员工总的父类。 ① 属性：员工的姓名,员工的生日月份 ② 方法：getSalary(int month) 根据参数月份来确定工资，如果该月员工过生日，则公司会额外奖励100 元。 (2) SalariedEmployee：Employee 的子类，拿固定工资的员工。 ① 属性：月薪。 (3)HourlyEmployee：Employee 的子类，按小时拿工资的员工，每月工作超出160小时的部分按照1.5 倍工资发放。 ① 属性：每小时的工资、每月工作的小时数。 (4) SalesEmployee：Employee 的子类，销售，工资由月销售额和提成率决定。 ① 属性：月销售额、提成率。 (5) BasePlusSalesEmployee：SalesEmployee 的子类，有固定底薪的销售人员，工资由底薪加上销售提成部分。 ① 属性：底薪。 要求： 创建一个Employee 数组，分别创建若干不同的Employee对象，并打印某个月的工资。 注意：要求把每个类都做成完全封装，不允许非私有化属性。

以下是代码实现：

class Employee {
private:
    string name;
    int birthMonth;
public:
    Employee(string name, int birthMonth) {
        this->name = name;
        this->birthMonth = birthMonth;
    }
    virtual double getSalary(int month) {
        double salary = 0;
        //根据月份计算工资
        return salary;
    }
};

class SalariedEmployee : public Employee {
private:
    double monthlySalary;
public:
    SalariedEmployee(string name, int birthMonth, double monthlySalary) : Employee(name, birthMonth) {
        this->monthlySalary = monthlySalary;
    }
    double getSalary(int month) {
        double salary = monthlySalary;
        if (month == getBirthMonth()) {
            salary += 100;
        }
        return salary;
    }
};

class HourlyEmployee : public Employee {
private:
    double hourlyWage;
    int monthlyWorkHours;
public:
    HourlyEmployee(string name, int birthMonth, double hourlyWage, int monthlyWorkHours) : Employee(name, birthMonth) {
        this->hourlyWage = hourlyWage;
        this->monthlyWorkHours = monthlyWorkHours;
    }
    double getSalary(int month) {
        double salary = hourlyWage * monthlyWorkHours;
        if (monthlyWorkHours > 160) {
            salary += hourlyWage * 1.5 * (monthlyWorkHours - 160);
        }
        if (month == getBirthMonth()) {
            salary += 100;
        }
        return salary;
    }
};

class SalesEmployee : public Employee {
private:
    double monthlySales;
    double commissionRate;
public:
    SalesEmployee(string name, int birthMonth, double monthlySales, double commissionRate) : Employee(name, birthMonth) {
        this->monthlySales = monthlySales;
        this->commissionRate = commissionRate;
    }
    double getSalary(int month) {
        double salary = monthlySales * commissionRate;
        if (month == getBirthMonth()) {
            salary += 100;
        }
        return salary;
    }
};

class BasePlusSalesEmployee : public SalesEmployee {
private:
    double baseSalary;
public:
    BasePlusSalesEmployee(string name, int birthMonth, double monthlySales, double commissionRate, double baseSalary) : SalesEmployee(name, birthMonth, monthlySales, commissionRate) {
        this->baseSalary = baseSalary;
    }
    double getSalary(int month) {
        double salary = baseSalary + SalesEmployee::getSalary(month);
        if (month == getBirthMonth()) {
            salary += 100;
        }
        return salary;
    }
};

int main() {
    Employee* employees[] = {
        new SalariedEmployee("Alice", 5, 5000),
        new HourlyEmployee("Bob", 10, 50, 180),
        new SalesEmployee("Charlie", 6, 100000, 0.05),
        new BasePlusSalesEmployee("David", 8, 80000, 0.1, 3000)
    };
    int month = 5;
    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
        cout << employees[i]->getSalary(month) << endl;
    }
    return 0;
}

这里使用了虚函数和多态的特性，通过创建不同的子类对象，实现了不同类型员工的计算工资方式。在main函数中创建了一个Employee类型的指针数组，指向四个不同类型的员工对象，并通过循环打印出某个月的工资。